【经典之作】2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题--专题4--非谓语动词
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| 名称 | 【经典之作】2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题--专题4--非谓语动词 |  | |
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2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题
专题4 非谓语动词
一．语法概念巧掌握：
（一）非谓语动词重点概念及区分
1 考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别
从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完21世纪教育网成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。
如： 1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
分析：答案选 C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。
2. _____from other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated
分析：答案选 C。因为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。
2 考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式
结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式;若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：
1. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_____.
A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
分析：答案选B。因money与spend是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
2. The prize of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the game show is$30000 and an all expenses_____ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
分析：答案选B。因all ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )penses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意句中的an 不是修饰 expenses，而是修饰vacation。
3. When _____help, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
分析：答案选 D。因一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，When offered help…=When he is offered help…
3 考查非谓语动词完成式的用法
非谓语动词(不定式、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：
1. The storm left, _____a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
分析：答案选D。因The stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m与cause是主动关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。
2. More and more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
分析：答案选 A。因peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e与take advantage of是主动关系，排除选项B和D;take不会发生在谓语are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。
4 考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语
在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _____away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
分析：答案选B。现在分词作伴随状语。
2. He glanced over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
分析：答案选 A。因为he与note是主谓关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。
3. Daddy didn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
分析：答案选 D。用现在分词表伴随情况。
说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
5 考查非谓语动词用作目的状语
在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：
1. “Can the proje ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct be finished as planned ” “Sure, _____it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.”
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
分析：答案选 B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
2. ____ more about university courses, call (920)746-3789. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
分析：答案选 A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。
3. It was unb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____a look at the sports stars. (2005上海卷)
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
分析：答案选 C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的，作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
6 考查非谓语动词用作结果状语
a. 用现在分词表结果。如：
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
Oil prices have r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
分析：答案选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。
b. 用不定式表结果。如：
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。
He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. www.21-cn-jy.com
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
分析：答案选 A。因为only to do是习语，意为“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。
7 考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语
原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
分析：答案选A。作with的宾语的补足 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语要用非谓语动词，排除选项B和C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项D。
2. You shoul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _____often enough
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
分析：答案选D。宾语it与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth done意为“请人做某事”。
8 考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题
按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：
While watching television, _____.
A. the door bell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
分析：答案选C。因为watchin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g的逻辑主语一定是we，排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。
9 考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题
原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：
It’s necessary to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) prepared for a job interview; _____the answers ready will be of great help. 21教育名师原创作品
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
分析：答案选D。动名词短语用作主语。
10 考查“(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构
有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命题的热点。如：
1. _____ in the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
分析：答案选 B。因表示“迷路于”是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lose oneself in，题中没有oneself, 所以the two students与lose是被动关系，应该用过去分词作状语。 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. _____ in a w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hite uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
分析：答案选 A。由dress的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语一定是人或oneself可知，dress与he是动宾关系，即he与dress是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，Dressed in …=As he is dressed in …
11 非谓语动词的综合考查
有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：
1. I don’t want _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
分析：答案选 A。表示“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想要做某事”want后只能接to do，排除选项C;sound like中sound是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除选项B;sound发生在want后，故不用完成式，排除选项D。
2. “Is Bob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )still performing ” “I’m afraid not. He is said_____ the stage already as he has become an official.”
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
分析：答案选 A。因he与leave是主动关系，不用被动式，排除选项C和D;由already可知，要用完成式。
二．解题方法灵活用
解题方法或步骤：
针对以上非谓语动词的知识点和考查内容，本人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在教学过程中总结出了做非谓语动词的四个步骤：1考虑习惯搭配－2判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词－3判断句子成分－4区分语态时间（语态由中心语决定，时间由与谓语动词的时间关系决定）。
第一步，不可忽略的是习惯搭配的考查。如果能看出是习惯搭配，整个题的选择就很简单了。
第二步，没有习惯搭配，就要进行第二步。有些考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题中既有非谓语动词，也有谓语动词的形式，也就形成了一个考点：对于谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别。做法是看句子是否已经有了谓语动词形式，如果有了，就要判断非谓语动词。
之所以第三步是判断句子成分，是因为我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要依据它的句子成分来确定非谓语动词的逻辑中心语，以此来决定所用的非谓语动词的主动被动形式的问题。如果非谓语动词作的是状语，那要看它与主语的关系；如果作的是宾补，那要看它与宾语的关系；如果是定语，那要看它与被修饰词之间的关系。
做第四步区 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分语态时间的时候，要以非谓语动词与中心语的关系判断是主动还是被动，形成主谓关系的，是主动，形成动宾关系的是被动。时间主要是非谓语动词与谓语动词相比所形成的时间关系：不分先后，用一般式，非先谓后，用完成式，非后谓先，用将来。
下面以07年的部分高考试题为例，做简要说明：
1．At th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e beginning of class, the noise of desk ____ could be heard outside the classroom.. (全国II，12)
A. opene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
第一步, 习惯搭配？ 没有。
第二步，谓语动词还是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词。谓语动词白纸黑字的印的清楚—could be heard。
第三步，做什么成分？
由句子成分分析以及句意词意，此处要做desk的定语。
第四步判断：语态，方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法是读一下，open and close的中心语是desk, 那是open and close the desk 还是desk opens and closes 很明显是“开关书桌”, 是动宾关系，被动；时间，由句中的时间状语at the beginning of class以及谓动的意思：可以听见，可以判断“开关书桌”的动作与“could be heard” 应是同时的。
判断选择：C。
三．高考真题大演练：
1．Lionel Messi，__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe. (2013·江苏，24)
A．set B．setting
C．to set D．having set
2．________an imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ortant decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. (2012·江苏，31)
A．Based B．Basing
C．Base D．To base
3．Recently a survey ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011·江苏，31)
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared
4．________ which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. (2013·四川，8)
A．Not knowing B．Knowing not
C．Not known D．Known not
5．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013·四川，10)
A．being completed B．to be completed
C．completed D．having been completed
6．Let those in need ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ that we will go all out to help them. (2013·陕西，13)
A．to understand B．understand
C．understanding D．understood
7．The witnes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses ________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. (2013·陕西，14)
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
8．I got to the of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fice earlier that day，________the 7∶30 train from Paddington.
(2013·大纲全国，25)
A．caught B．to have caught
C．to catch D．having caught
9．Volunteeri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng gives you a chance ________ lives，including your own. (2013·北京，21)
A．change B．changing
C．changed D．to change
10．________ the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ourse very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level. (2013·北京，24)
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
11．When we saw t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he road ________ with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
(2013·北京，29)
A．block B．to block
C．blocking D．blocked
12．Laura was away ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail________for her. (2013·辽宁，28)
A．waited B．to wait
C．waiting D．was waiting
13．The sun be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gan to rise in the sky，________the mountain in golden light. (2013·湖南，25)
A．bathed B．bathing
C．to have bathed D．having bathed
14．You cannot a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccept an opinion________to you unless it is based on facts. (2013·湖南，29)
A．offering B．to offer
C．having offered D．offered
15．________warm at nig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. (2013·湖南，31)
A．Staying B．Stayed
C．To stay D．Stay
16．The driver want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________. (2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，28)
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do D．do not
17．________at the cafeteria before，Tina didn’t want to eat there again. (2013·山东，33)
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
18．________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
(2013·浙江，7)
A．Hearing B．Hear
C．Having heard D．To be hearing
19．The engine just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) won’t start.Something seems ________ wrong with it. (2013·重庆，34)
A．to go B．to have gone
C．going D．having gone
20．I stopped the ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r________a short break as I was feeling tired. (2013·山东，29)
A．take B．taking
C．to take D．taken
【答案及解析】：
1答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：在一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个日历年度创下了最多的进球纪录，莱昂内尔·梅西被认为是欧洲最有才华的足球运动员。由句意知，“创纪录”在先，“被认为是最有才华的足球运动员”在后，故用现在分词的完成时。21世纪教育网版权所有
2答案 B
解析 动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。
3答案 B
解析 句意为：最近，在两家不同超市对相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同商品进行的一次价格比较调查引起了市民热烈的讨论。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为has caused，故空格处应为非谓语动词形式，来充当a survey的后置定语。a survey与compare之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词。现在分词短语comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets相当于定语从句which/that compares...。21cnjy.com
4答案 A
解析 句意为：因为不知道该上哪所大学，女孩求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )助于老师。句子主语the girl和动词know之间是主谓关系，所以应该用动词 ing形式作状语，而动词 ing形式的否定式是在其前加not，所以选A，从而排除B和表示动宾关系的C和D。
5答案 B
解析 句意为：明年将要竣工的机 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )场将有助于促进这个地区旅游业的发展。本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。由next year知机场将要竣工而不是正在竣工，也不是已竣工，故选B项。21·cn·jy·com
6答案 B
解析 句意为：要让那些需要帮助的人认识到我们会全力以赴地帮助他们。let后跟不带to的不定式。
7答案 A
解析 句意为：刚被警察询问过的目击 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者们对这场打斗描述得截然不同。目击者应当是被询问，故D项排除。选项A“询问过的”；选项B“正在被询问的”；选项C“将要被询问的”。21·世纪*教育网
8答案 D
解析 句意为：因为赶上了来自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )帕丁顿的7∶30的火车，那天我很早就到达了办公室。此处为现在分词短语作原因状语，因为catch这一动作发生在谓语got to之前，故用现在分词的完成时。www-2-1-cnjy-com
9答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。a chance to do sth.做某事的机会。
10答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：发现这门 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )课程很难，她决定转向难度更低的课程。本句主语she与find之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
11答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。句意为：当看到道路被雪封住，我们决定在家度假。block与road为动宾关系，故选D项。2-1-c-n-j-y
12答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：Laura出 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )差巴黎一周多，当她回家时，有一堆邮件在等着她。分析句子可知，空格处用作后置定语修饰mail，且mail与wait之间为主动关系。waited为过去分词，表示被动或完成；to wait为不定式，表示未发生的动作；waiting为现在分词，表示主动和正在进行；was waiting为过去进行时的谓语部分，而句中不缺少谓语。故选C项。【版权所有：21教育】
13答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：太阳开始 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在天空升起，金黄色的阳光沐浴着大山。主语the sun和动词bathe“沐浴”是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作伴随状语。
14答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：除非观点是建立在事实基础之上，否则你不能接受别人的观点。分析句子成分后可知，“________to you”是分词短语作后置定语修饰opinion，而opinion和动词offer之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
15答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：为了在晚 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上取暖，我会填满柴炉，再定好闹钟，以便半夜能起来再填一次。根据语境可知此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案选C项。
16答案 B
解析 考查不定式的否定及省 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )略。句意为：司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分，可以去掉，句式为ask sb.to do sth.的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。21*cnjy*com
17答案 A
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意为：以前在那家自助餐吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。解答本题的关键是分析句子结构。句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didn’t want”之前，故用doing的完成形式having done，因此本题选having eaten。
18答案 A
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：听到别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人对你刚读的一本书的反应会增加你的快乐感。you have just read为省略that或者which的定语从句， creates an added pleasure是谓语和宾语，空格处需要填一个可作主语的非谓语动词。B项为动词原形，不能作主语；C项是作状语的形式；D项表示将来进行的动作，不符合题意。A项为动名词，可作主语，故A项正确。
19答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词seem后只能 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接不定式，不接doing，故排除C、D两项；又go wrong动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用不定式的完成式。 21*cnjy*com
20答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词——不定式作目的状语。根据语境，此处应用to do不定式表达停车的目的。所以答案选C项。
四．模拟试题来检测：
1．With the couple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________in a nearby town，the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
A．work B．to work
C．working D．worked
2．________to get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a seat for the concert，he didn’t mind standing in a queue all night.
A．Determine B．To be determined
C．Determined D．Being determined
3．The direct f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )light has proved successful，________ Taiwan another tourist destination for people on the mainland.
A．made B．making
C．make D．makes
4．You should und ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erstand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ________ often enough.
A．explaining B．to explain
C．explain D．explained
5．He hurried to the station，only ________ that the train had left.
A．to find B．finding
C．found D．to be found
6．Now that we’ve d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iscussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions ________？
A．taking B．take
C．taken D．to take
7．Yesterday a stre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly，________him a millionaire overnight.
A．making B．makes
C．to make D．made
8．________ your c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omposition carefully，some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A．Having checked B．Check
C．If you check D．To check
9．________twice a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )year，whether it is a car or a bus or a truck，is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.【出处：21教育名师】
A．Examining
B．Examined
C．Being examined
D．Having been examined
10．Little Bob is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often educated by his parents to be good and friendly to anyone even if ________.
A．attacking B．is attacked
C．to be attacked D．attacked
11．Could you show me the TV set you’d like________？
A．to have repaired B．repairing it
C．to have it repaired D．to repair it
12．________the working efficiency，the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.
A．Improving B．To improve
C．Having improved D．Improved
13．The little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy still needs the________20 dollars to do with some things________.
A．remaining；remained to be settled
B．remaining；remaining to be settled
C．remained；remained to settle
D．remained；remaining to settle
14．—I would like to buy an expensive camera.
—Well.We have several models________.
A．to choose from B．of choice
C．to be chosen D．for choosing
15．________tomorrow’s lessons，I have no time to play with you.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．Not preparing B．Not prepared
C．Not having prepared D．Having not prepared
16．The country h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent ________ at the end of last March.
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
17．Generally spea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king，prices of daily goods ________ through the Internet are lower than store prices.
A．to buy B．are bought
C．buying D．bought
18．I’ve worked wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h children before，so I knew what ________ in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expected D．expects
19．________such a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) heavy loss，the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.
A．Having suffered B．Suffering
C．To suffer D．Suffered
20．Taking this medi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cine，if________，will of course do good to his health.
A．continued B．to continue
C．continues D．continuing
21．The global wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rming is more and more serious，for which human beings ________.
A．are blaming B．are to blame
C．are going to blame D．are to be blamed
22．In order to improve English，________.
A．Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B．Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C．a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D．a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
23．His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
24．—We didn’t find the Blacks ________ the lecture.
—No one had told them about ________ a lecture the following day.
A．attending；there being B．to attend；there to be
C．attended；there be D．attend；there was
25．________，John returned to school from his hometown.
A．The summer vacation being over
B．The summer vacation is over
C．Because the summer vacation over
D．After the summer vacation being over
【答案及解析】：
1答案 C
解析 考查with复合结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。
2答案 C
解析 过去分词作原因状语，“Determ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ined to get a seat for the concert”相当于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”。
3答案 B
解析 从句意可知，后文是前文的结果，且主语与动词make之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词making作结果状语。
4答案 D
解析 此题考查“have sth.done”结构。
5答案 A
解析 根据句意可知，空白处表示一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个意想不到的结果，因此用“only＋不定式”表示，又因句子的主语和find之间为主谓关系，因此用不定式的主动式。
6答案 C
解析 句意为：既然我们已经讨论了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们的问题，人们对我们做的决定满意吗？ take与the decisions之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。21教育网
7答案 C
解析 不定式作结果状语表示主语未曾预料到的结果。
8答案 C
解析 分析句子结构可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )check的逻辑主语是you，与后面句子的主语some spelling mistakes不一致，因此不能用非谓语动词作状语，故使用从句(因为主从句的主语可以一致，也可以不一致)。
9答案 C
解析 句中缺少的是主语，分词不作主语，故排除A、B项；从整个句子意思来看examine需要用被动式且用其一般式即可。
10答案 D
解析 even if attacked＝even if he is attacked。
11答案 A
解析 此处考查would like后跟不定式；其次考查have sth. done结构。
12答案 B
解析 句意为：为了提高工作效率，老板允许员工有一个喝咖啡休息的时间。不定式作目的状语，故选B项。
13答案 B
解析 第一个remaining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用作形容词，作“剩下的”解；第二个remaining to be settled 是 ing形式短语作定语修饰some things。
14答案 A
解析 不定式短语作定语。choose from表示从所给的物品中挑选。
15答案 C
解析 考查分词作状语的用法。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：我没有准备好明天的功课，没有时间和你玩。用现在分词表主动动作，其完成式强调“没有准备”这一动作发生在“玩”这一动作之前。非谓语动词的否定式是在其前加not。
16答案 B
解析 考查独立主格结构。launc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h和spacecraft之间为动宾关系，且动作已经发生，故用现在分词的被动完成式作逻辑谓语，构成独立主格结构。
17答案 D
解析 buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系，也就是说，goods是动词buy的接受者，所以用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。
18答案 B
解析 在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。what to expect在句子中作know的宾语，故答案为B项。
19答案 A
解析 句意为：遭受了如此严重的损失之后，那位商人没有勇气继续做生意了。因为“遭受重创”先发生，故用现在分词的完成式。
20答案 A
解析 if continued 是“if taking this medicine is continued”的省略形式。
21答案 B
解析 be to blame用主动形式表示被动含义，表示“应该受责备”。句意为：全球变暖越来越严重，在这个问题上人类应该受到责备。
22答案 B
解析 根据句意可知，improve的逻辑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语为Jenny。因为非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的，所以后面句子的主语也为Jenny，故答案为B项。
23答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语动词作后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，故用动词不定式；其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故选B项。
24答案 A
解析 第一空attending作宾补，补充说明the Blacks的动作；第二空there being为动名词短语作介词about的宾语。
25答案 A
解析 做题时首先分析句子结构，确定句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )类型。此处应为独立主格结构作为主句的原因，对主句解释、说明，故A项正确。B项为完整的句子，两句间缺少连词；C项是because引导的原因状语从句，句中缺少谓语；D项是after引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词应为was。
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2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题
专题4 非谓语动词
一．语法概念巧掌握：
（一）非谓语动词重点概念及区分
1 考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别
从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完21世纪教育网成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。
如： 1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year.
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
分析：答案选 C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。
2. _____from other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated
分析：答案选 C。因为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。
2 考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式
结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式;若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：
1. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_____.
A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
分析：答案选B。因money与spend是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
2. The prize of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the game show is$30000 and an all expenses_____ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
分析：答案选B。因all ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )penses与pay是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意句中的an 不是修饰 expenses，而是修饰vacation。
3. When _____help, o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
分析：答案选 D。因一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，When offered help…=When he is offered help…
3 考查非谓语动词完成式的用法
非谓语动词(不定式、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：
1. The storm left, _____a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused
分析：答案选D。因The stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m与cause是主动关系，排除选项A;不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前，所以用完成式。
2. More and more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
分析：答案选 A。因peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e与take advantage of是主动关系，排除选项B和D;take不会发生在谓语are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。
4 考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语
在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _____away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
分析：答案选B。现在分词作伴随状语。
2. He glanced over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
分析：答案选 A。因为he与note是主谓关系，且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。
3. Daddy didn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
分析：答案选 D。用现在分词表伴随情况。
说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
5 考查非谓语动词用作目的状语
在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：
1. “Can the proje ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ct be finished as planned ” “Sure, _____it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.”
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
分析：答案选 B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
2. ____ more about university courses, call (920)746-3789. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
分析：答案选 A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。
3. It was unb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____a look at the sports stars. (2005上海卷)
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
分析：答案选 C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的，作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
6 考查非谓语动词用作结果状语
a. 用现在分词表结果。如：
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
Oil prices have r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
分析：答案选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。
b. 用不定式表结果。如：
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。
He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. www.21-cn-jy.com
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
分析：答案选 A。因为only to do是习语，意为“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。
7 考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语
原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
分析：答案选A。作with的宾语的补足 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语要用非谓语动词，排除选项B和C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项D。
2. You shoul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _____often enough
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
分析：答案选D。宾语it与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth done意为“请人做某事”。
8 考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题
按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：
While watching television, _____.
A. the door bell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
分析：答案选C。因为watchin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g的逻辑主语一定是we，排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。
9 考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题
原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：
It’s necessary to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) prepared for a job interview; _____the answers ready will be of great help. 21教育名师原创作品
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
分析：答案选D。动名词短语用作主语。
10 考查“(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构
有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命题的热点。如：
1. _____ in the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
分析：答案选 B。因表示“迷路于”是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lose oneself in，题中没有oneself, 所以the two students与lose是被动关系，应该用过去分词作状语。 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. _____ in a w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hite uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
分析：答案选 A。由dress的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语一定是人或oneself可知，dress与he是动宾关系，即he与dress是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，Dressed in …=As he is dressed in …
11 非谓语动词的综合考查
有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：
1. I don’t want _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded
分析：答案选 A。表示“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想要做某事”want后只能接to do，排除选项C;sound like中sound是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除选项B;sound发生在want后，故不用完成式，排除选项D。
2. “Is Bob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )still performing ” “I’m afraid not. He is said_____ the stage already as he has become an official.”
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
分析：答案选 A。因he与leave是主动关系，不用被动式，排除选项C和D;由already可知，要用完成式。
二．解题方法灵活用
解题方法或步骤：
针对以上非谓语动词的知识点和考查内容，本人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在教学过程中总结出了做非谓语动词的四个步骤：1考虑习惯搭配－2判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词－3判断句子成分－4区分语态时间（语态由中心语决定，时间由与谓语动词的时间关系决定）。
第一步，不可忽略的是习惯搭配的考查。如果能看出是习惯搭配，整个题的选择就很简单了。
第二步，没有习惯搭配，就要进行第二步。有些考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题中既有非谓语动词，也有谓语动词的形式，也就形成了一个考点：对于谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别。做法是看句子是否已经有了谓语动词形式，如果有了，就要判断非谓语动词。
之所以第三步是判断句子成分，是因为我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要依据它的句子成分来确定非谓语动词的逻辑中心语，以此来决定所用的非谓语动词的主动被动形式的问题。如果非谓语动词作的是状语，那要看它与主语的关系；如果作的是宾补，那要看它与宾语的关系；如果是定语，那要看它与被修饰词之间的关系。
做第四步区 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分语态时间的时候，要以非谓语动词与中心语的关系判断是主动还是被动，形成主谓关系的，是主动，形成动宾关系的是被动。时间主要是非谓语动词与谓语动词相比所形成的时间关系：不分先后，用一般式，非先谓后，用完成式，非后谓先，用将来。
下面以07年的部分高考试题为例，做简要说明：
1．At th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e beginning of class, the noise of desk ____ could be heard outside the classroom.. (全国II，12)
A. opene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d of and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
第一步, 习惯搭配？ 没有。
第二步，谓语动词还是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词。谓语动词白纸黑字的印的清楚—could be heard。
第三步，做什么成分？
由句子成分分析以及句意词意，此处要做desk的定语。
第四步判断：语态，方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法是读一下，open and close的中心语是desk, 那是open and close the desk 还是desk opens and closes 很明显是“开关书桌”, 是动宾关系，被动；时间，由句中的时间状语at the beginning of class以及谓动的意思：可以听见，可以判断“开关书桌”的动作与“could be heard” 应是同时的。
判断选择：C。
三．高考真题大演练：
1．Lionel Messi，__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe. (2013·江苏，24)
A．set B．setting
C．to set D．having set
2．________an imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ortant decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. (2012·江苏，31)
A．Based B．Basing
C．Base D．To base
3．Recently a survey ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011·江苏，31)
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared
4．________ which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. (2013·四川，8)
A．Not knowing B．Knowing not
C．Not known D．Known not
5．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013·四川，10)
A．being completed B．to be completed
C．completed D．having been completed
6．Let those in need ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ that we will go all out to help them. (2013·陕西，13)
A．to understand B．understand
C．understanding D．understood
7．The witnes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ses ________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. (2013·陕西，14)
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
8．I got to the of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fice earlier that day，________the 7∶30 train from Paddington.
(2013·大纲全国，25)
A．caught B．to have caught
C．to catch D．having caught
9．Volunteeri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng gives you a chance ________ lives，including your own. (2013·北京，21)
A．change B．changing
C．changed D．to change
10．________ the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ourse very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level. (2013·北京，24)
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
11．When we saw t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he road ________ with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
(2013·北京，29)
A．block B．to block
C．blocking D．blocked
12．Laura was away ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail________for her. (2013·辽宁，28)
A．waited B．to wait
C．waiting D．was waiting
13．The sun be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gan to rise in the sky，________the mountain in golden light. (2013·湖南，25)
A．bathed B．bathing
C．to have bathed D．having bathed
14．You cannot a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccept an opinion________to you unless it is based on facts. (2013·湖南，29)
A．offering B．to offer
C．having offered D．offered
15．________warm at nig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht，I would fill the woodstove，then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. (2013·湖南，31)
A．Staying B．Stayed
C．To stay D．Stay
16．The driver want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________. (2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，28)
A．not to do B．not to
C．not do D．do not
17．________at the cafeteria before，Tina didn’t want to eat there again. (2013·山东，33)
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
18．________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
(2013·浙江，7)
A．Hearing B．Hear
C．Having heard D．To be hearing
19．The engine just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) won’t start.Something seems ________ wrong with it. (2013·重庆，34)
A．to go B．to have gone
C．going D．having gone
20．I stopped the ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r________a short break as I was feeling tired. (2013·山东，29)
A．take B．taking
C．to take D．taken
【答案及解析】：
1答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：在一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个日历年度创下了最多的进球纪录，莱昂内尔·梅西被认为是欧洲最有才华的足球运动员。由句意知，“创纪录”在先，“被认为是最有才华的足球运动员”在后，故用现在分词的完成时。21世纪教育网版权所有
2答案 B
解析 动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选B项。
3答案 B
解析 句意为：最近，在两家不同超市对相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同商品进行的一次价格比较调查引起了市民热烈的讨论。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为has caused，故空格处应为非谓语动词形式，来充当a survey的后置定语。a survey与compare之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词。现在分词短语comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets相当于定语从句which/that compares...。21cnjy.com
4答案 A
解析 句意为：因为不知道该上哪所大学，女孩求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )助于老师。句子主语the girl和动词know之间是主谓关系，所以应该用动词 ing形式作状语，而动词 ing形式的否定式是在其前加not，所以选A，从而排除B和表示动宾关系的C和D。
5答案 B
解析 句意为：明年将要竣工的机 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )场将有助于促进这个地区旅游业的发展。本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。由next year知机场将要竣工而不是正在竣工，也不是已竣工，故选B项。21·cn·jy·com
6答案 B
解析 句意为：要让那些需要帮助的人认识到我们会全力以赴地帮助他们。let后跟不带to的不定式。
7答案 A
解析 句意为：刚被警察询问过的目击 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者们对这场打斗描述得截然不同。目击者应当是被询问，故D项排除。选项A“询问过的”；选项B“正在被询问的”；选项C“将要被询问的”。21·世纪*教育网
8答案 D
解析 句意为：因为赶上了来自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )帕丁顿的7∶30的火车，那天我很早就到达了办公室。此处为现在分词短语作原因状语，因为catch这一动作发生在谓语got to之前，故用现在分词的完成时。www-2-1-cnjy-com
9答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。a chance to do sth.做某事的机会。
10答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：发现这门 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )课程很难，她决定转向难度更低的课程。本句主语she与find之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
11答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。句意为：当看到道路被雪封住，我们决定在家度假。block与road为动宾关系，故选D项。2-1-c-n-j-y
12答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：Laura出 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )差巴黎一周多，当她回家时，有一堆邮件在等着她。分析句子可知，空格处用作后置定语修饰mail，且mail与wait之间为主动关系。waited为过去分词，表示被动或完成；to wait为不定式，表示未发生的动作；waiting为现在分词，表示主动和正在进行；was waiting为过去进行时的谓语部分，而句中不缺少谓语。故选C项。【版权所有：21教育】
13答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：太阳开始 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在天空升起，金黄色的阳光沐浴着大山。主语the sun和动词bathe“沐浴”是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作伴随状语。
14答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：除非观点是建立在事实基础之上，否则你不能接受别人的观点。分析句子成分后可知，“________to you”是分词短语作后置定语修饰opinion，而opinion和动词offer之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
15答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：为了在晚 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上取暖，我会填满柴炉，再定好闹钟，以便半夜能起来再填一次。根据语境可知此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案选C项。
16答案 B
解析 考查不定式的否定及省 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )略。句意为：司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。句中by the police为干扰部分，可以去掉，句式为ask sb.to do sth.的被动语态的否定形式。A选项后加it也正确。21*cnjy*com
17答案 A
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意为：以前在那家自助餐吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。解答本题的关键是分析句子结构。句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didn’t want”之前，故用doing的完成形式having done，因此本题选having eaten。
18答案 A
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：听到别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人对你刚读的一本书的反应会增加你的快乐感。you have just read为省略that或者which的定语从句， creates an added pleasure是谓语和宾语，空格处需要填一个可作主语的非谓语动词。B项为动词原形，不能作主语；C项是作状语的形式；D项表示将来进行的动作，不符合题意。A项为动名词，可作主语，故A项正确。
19答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词seem后只能 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接不定式，不接doing，故排除C、D两项；又go wrong动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用不定式的完成式。 21*cnjy*com
20答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词——不定式作目的状语。根据语境，此处应用to do不定式表达停车的目的。所以答案选C项。
四．模拟试题来检测：
1．With the couple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________in a nearby town，the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
A．work B．to work
C．working D．worked
2．________to get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a seat for the concert，he didn’t mind standing in a queue all night.
A．Determine B．To be determined
C．Determined D．Being determined
3．The direct f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )light has proved successful，________ Taiwan another tourist destination for people on the mainland.
A．made B．making
C．make D．makes
4．You should und ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erstand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ________ often enough.
A．explaining B．to explain
C．explain D．explained
5．He hurried to the station，only ________ that the train had left.
A．to find B．finding
C．found D．to be found
6．Now that we’ve d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iscussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions ________？
A．taking B．take
C．taken D．to take
7．Yesterday a stre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly，________him a millionaire overnight.
A．making B．makes
C．to make D．made
8．________ your c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omposition carefully，some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A．Having checked B．Check
C．If you check D．To check
9．________twice a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )year，whether it is a car or a bus or a truck，is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.【出处：21教育名师】
A．Examining
B．Examined
C．Being examined
D．Having been examined
10．Little Bob is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often educated by his parents to be good and friendly to anyone even if ________.
A．attacking B．is attacked
C．to be attacked D．attacked
11．Could you show me the TV set you’d like________？
A．to have repaired B．repairing it
C．to have it repaired D．to repair it
12．________the working efficiency，the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.
A．Improving B．To improve
C．Having improved D．Improved
13．The little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy still needs the________20 dollars to do with some things________.
A．remaining；remained to be settled
B．remaining；remaining to be settled
C．remained；remained to settle
D．remained；remaining to settle
14．—I would like to buy an expensive camera.
—Well.We have several models________.
A．to choose from B．of choice
C．to be chosen D．for choosing
15．________tomorrow’s lessons，I have no time to play with you.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．Not preparing B．Not prepared
C．Not having prepared D．Having not prepared
16．The country h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent ________ at the end of last March.
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
17．Generally spea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king，prices of daily goods ________ through the Internet are lower than store prices.
A．to buy B．are bought
C．buying D．bought
18．I’ve worked wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h children before，so I knew what ________ in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect
C．to be expected D．expects
19．________such a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) heavy loss，the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.
A．Having suffered B．Suffering
C．To suffer D．Suffered
20．Taking this medi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cine，if________，will of course do good to his health.
A．continued B．to continue
C．continues D．continuing
21．The global wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rming is more and more serious，for which human beings ________.
A．are blaming B．are to blame
C．are going to blame D．are to be blamed
22．In order to improve English，________.
A．Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B．Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C．a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D．a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
23．His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
24．—We didn’t find the Blacks ________ the lecture.
—No one had told them about ________ a lecture the following day.
A．attending；there being B．to attend；there to be
C．attended；there be D．attend；there was
25．________，John returned to school from his hometown.
A．The summer vacation being over
B．The summer vacation is over
C．Because the summer vacation over
D．After the summer vacation being over
【答案及解析】：
1答案 C
解析 考查with复合结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。
2答案 C
解析 过去分词作原因状语，“Determ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ined to get a seat for the concert”相当于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”。
3答案 B
解析 从句意可知，后文是前文的结果，且主语与动词make之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词making作结果状语。
4答案 D
解析 此题考查“have sth.done”结构。
5答案 A
解析 根据句意可知，空白处表示一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个意想不到的结果，因此用“only＋不定式”表示，又因句子的主语和find之间为主谓关系，因此用不定式的主动式。
6答案 C
解析 句意为：既然我们已经讨论了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们的问题，人们对我们做的决定满意吗？ take与the decisions之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。21教育网
7答案 C
解析 不定式作结果状语表示主语未曾预料到的结果。
8答案 C
解析 分析句子结构可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )check的逻辑主语是you，与后面句子的主语some spelling mistakes不一致，因此不能用非谓语动词作状语，故使用从句(因为主从句的主语可以一致，也可以不一致)。
9答案 C
解析 句中缺少的是主语，分词不作主语，故排除A、B项；从整个句子意思来看examine需要用被动式且用其一般式即可。
10答案 D
解析 even if attacked＝even if he is attacked。
11答案 A
解析 此处考查would like后跟不定式；其次考查have sth. done结构。
12答案 B
解析 句意为：为了提高工作效率，老板允许员工有一个喝咖啡休息的时间。不定式作目的状语，故选B项。
13答案 B
解析 第一个remaining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用作形容词，作“剩下的”解；第二个remaining to be settled 是 ing形式短语作定语修饰some things。
14答案 A
解析 不定式短语作定语。choose from表示从所给的物品中挑选。
15答案 C
解析 考查分词作状语的用法。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：我没有准备好明天的功课，没有时间和你玩。用现在分词表主动动作，其完成式强调“没有准备”这一动作发生在“玩”这一动作之前。非谓语动词的否定式是在其前加not。
16答案 B
解析 考查独立主格结构。launc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h和spacecraft之间为动宾关系，且动作已经发生，故用现在分词的被动完成式作逻辑谓语，构成独立主格结构。
17答案 D
解析 buy和其逻辑主语goods是动宾关系，也就是说，goods是动词buy的接受者，所以用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。
18答案 B
解析 在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。what to expect在句子中作know的宾语，故答案为B项。
19答案 A
解析 句意为：遭受了如此严重的损失之后，那位商人没有勇气继续做生意了。因为“遭受重创”先发生，故用现在分词的完成式。
20答案 A
解析 if continued 是“if taking this medicine is continued”的省略形式。
21答案 B
解析 be to blame用主动形式表示被动含义，表示“应该受责备”。句意为：全球变暖越来越严重，在这个问题上人类应该受到责备。
22答案 B
解析 根据句意可知，improve的逻辑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语为Jenny。因为非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的，所以后面句子的主语也为Jenny，故答案为B项。
23答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语动词作后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，故用动词不定式；其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故选B项。
24答案 A
解析 第一空attending作宾补，补充说明the Blacks的动作；第二空there being为动名词短语作介词about的宾语。
25答案 A
解析 做题时首先分析句子结构，确定句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )类型。此处应为独立主格结构作为主句的原因，对主句解释、说明，故A项正确。B项为完整的句子，两句间缺少连词；C项是because引导的原因状语从句，句中缺少谓语；D项是after引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词应为was。
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