【经典之作】2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题-专题6--动词与动词短语

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名称 【经典之作】2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题-专题6--动词与动词短语
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2014届牛津高三英语二轮复习语法专题
专题6 动词与动词短语
一.语法概念巧掌握:
(一)动词和动词短语考点大解析
动词和动词短语辨析无论是在高考单项填空题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )还是完形填空题中都是必考内容之一,所占比例也最大。从近年高考试题来看,考查的动词和动词短语都是一些常见的词汇,并不生僻,考点主要集中在以下十个方面:
  
  1考查动词词义辨析
  
  这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题,必须明确各个动词的词义和用法,然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
  例1 Recently, these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.(2009江苏启东中学月考)
  A. hiredB. dismissed
  C. refusedD. employed
  分析 四个选项都是及物动词,且都可以与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )worker构成动宾关系,但从题干中的the drop in ?economy?可知,只有B项符合题意。
  
  2 考查近义动词辨析
  
  这类试题的四个选项无论 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题,必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
  例2 When his broth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______.(2009江苏启东中学模拟)
  A. injured B. damaged   C. harmed D. destroyed
  分析 这四个动词都有“伤害,损 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )害”之意,但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏,这种破坏或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成,常含可以修复之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害,有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底,常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看,答案为A。
  
  3 考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
  
  英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时,解答的关键是弄清题意,然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
  例3 With modern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.(2009年吉林模拟)
  A. bought B. come   C. thrown D. appeared
  分析 题意为“由于有现代化的设备,近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露,将……曝光”是come to light,故答案为B。
  
  4 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配
  
  英语中有些动词后跟宾补时,有其固定搭配, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如let/have/make sb. do sth.,get/force sb. to do sth.,allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构,找到作宾补的不定式,然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to,最后确定该用什么动词。
  例4 The card ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”(2009黄冈模拟完形填空)
  A. advising B. suggesting   C. letting D. making
  分析 分析句子结构可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知,空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式,作everyone的宾语补足语,由此可排除A项;suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补,更不用说无to的不定式,由此排除B项;let作为使役动词时,无进行时态,也排除;只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的,所以答案为D。
  
  5 考查系动词
  
  动词作系动词用时,后面常接形容词、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词、分词和不定式等,此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有:appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意,然后是分析句子结构,由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词,最后确定所要填入的答案。
  例5 The effect of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.(2009湖南联考)
  A. seen B. to be seen   C. seeing D. to see
  分析 题意为“这种药对这种疾病 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的效果尚待观察。”由题意可知,remain在此是用作系动词,且see这一动作还没有发生,答案锁定在B和D中间;the effect和see之间是被动关系,所以答案为B。
  
  6考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
  
  这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思,选出符合题意的动词短语。
  例6 The society tod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.(2009合肥质检)
  A. give out B. take in   C. show off D. carry on
  分析 题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“炫耀;展示”之意,故答案为C。
  
 7考查同根动词短语的辨析
  
  这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看,那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时,一定要在理解语境的基础上,从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
  例7 How I wish tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t I could _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.(2009黄冈模拟)
  A. set out B. set off   C. set in D. set up
  分析 题意为“我多么希望在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知,空缺处应该是“表达;解释”之意,而四个选项中只有set out有此意,故答案为A。
  
  8 考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
  
  这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意,然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
  例8 When I was twent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y, I had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.(2009北京四中月考)
  A. drop out B. come out   C. leave out D. stay out
 分析 题意为“在20岁时, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知,空缺处应该是“辍学”之意,四个选项中,只有A项的drop out有此意,故答案为A。
  例9 Take care duri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng the holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.(2009武汉调研)
  A. contribute to B. relate to   C. attend to D. devote to
  分析 题意为“节日期间要当心!喝酒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知,空缺处应该是“导致”之意,四个选项中,只有A项contribute to有此意,故答案为A。
  
  9 考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析
  
  这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语;要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时,弄清题意诚然重要,但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to,切忌想当然。
  例10 —Do you know the plan his daughter will _______ spread a lot
  —Really I don’t know it yet.(2009安徽模拟)
  A. get down to B. come up to   C. live up to D. look up to
  分析 题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个计划已经传开了吗?”“真的?我还不知道。”四个选项中,get down to,“着手做”;come up to,“不亚于;相等”; live up to,“不辜负;达到高标准”;look up to,“尊敬”。由此可知,只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句,修饰先行词the plan。
  例11 “I can’t ___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ your rudeness any more,leave the room,”shouted Mary.(2009武汉调研)
  A. put up to B. put up from   C. put up into D. put up with
  分析 题意为“‘我再也不能忍受你的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )粗鲁了,滚出去’,玛丽大声喊道。”从题意可知,空缺处应该是“忍受”之意,四个选项中,只有D项中的put up with有此意,故选D。
  
  10 考查“动词+名词+介词”短语的辨析
  
  这类试题的命题形式常不是直接考查动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短语辨析,而是往往把某一动词短语中的名词提至句首作主语或使名词充当定语从句的先行词,旨在考查考生对句子结构的分析能力。所以解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构,并在弄清题意的基础上选择正确的答案。
  例12 The media c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an often help solve problems and draw attention _______ situations _______ help is needed. (2009浙江模拟)
  A. in; that B. to; which   C. in; where D. to; where
  分析 draw attentio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n to 是固定词组,意为“吸引注意力”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用where引导表地点的定语从句。故选D。
二.解题方法灵活用
解题方法或策略:
【备考策略】
动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的词之一,在历年高考题中所占比例也最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。
I.动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
1.行为动词(实义动词)
①及物动词:带宾语的动词
②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词
注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
It is important for you to learn how to learn.
第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。
不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
He is working hard at English.
③状态动词(相对静止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound
②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow
③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay
注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。
请看下列这道选择题:
good,the food has been sold out.
A.Tasted B.Having been Tasted C.Tasting D.To taste
本题考生如果把taste当成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实义动词去理解的话,就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动词,应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,…【出处:21教育名师】
3.助动词(与动词原形或分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词构成复合谓语):be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等
II.短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点
1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.2·1·c·n·j·y
晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.她送掉了它们。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话
put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。
④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上有很大的差异。
break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭 break down出毛病hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完
set out出发 take out取出 work out算出 come down落下来
get down下车 take down取下 write down写下
2.动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
look after照料,look at看,look for寻找
3.动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。
In this way both grain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)
这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
III.动词及短语动词词义辨析
动词及短语动词是各类考试的重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空等题型中,动词及短语动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词及短语动词辨义主要指:
1.形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;
2.意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;
3.动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析;
4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析;
5.某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。
动词及短语动词词义辨析要靠考生的日积月累,考生才能在高考中应付自如。
附:
高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下(仅供参考):
1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组
accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪
add to 增添
add up 加起来
add up to 加起来达……,合计达……
adapt…to使……适应
adjust…to使……适应
agree with同意某人意见(接sb.或idea, view等);适应;与……一致
agree to (one’s plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议
answer for对……负责
apply for申请,请求
appeal for恳求,呼吁
attach…to…将……系在…..,使隶属/附属于……,将……缚在……
approve of赞成
apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉
be absorbed in埋头于……,专心于……
be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于……
be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷恋……
be admitted to/into获准进入……,被……录取
be annoyed with sb. at/about sth
2.以break为中心的词组
break away from脱离,逃离,打破
break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱
break in闯进,打断;使顺服
break into闯入;强行进入;突然开始
break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚
break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止
break through 突破,克服,挤过去
break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束
3.以build为中心的词组
build on / upon 建立在…上,依赖,指望
build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴
4.以burst为中心的词组
burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现
burst in 闯进,突然出现
burst into闯进,突然……起来,突然发出
burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊
burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
5.以 bring为中心的词组
bring about导致,引起,促使
bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复
bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,提出
bring forward 提出
bring into action 使行动起来,使生效
bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,
bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产
bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期
bring to mind 使想起,回忆起
bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止
6.以call为中心的词组
call at 访问(某地),停泊在
call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开
call for 需要,要求,接(某人),
call in 召集,收集,请入,引入
call off 取消,下令停止
call on 拜访(某人),号召
call out 大声喊,唤起
call up 打电话给…; 召集; 使想起
7.以carry为中心的词组
carry about 随身携带
carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑
carry back 拿回,运回,使想起
carry……into effect/practice 执行,实行,实现,完成
carry off 带走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)
carry on 坚持,继续,进行
carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成
carry through 坚持到底,贯彻,完成
8.以catch为中心的词组
be caught doing被发现做某事
be caught in the rain淋雨
catch /take fire 着火
be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞
catch one’sword听懂某人的话
catch sight of发现,瞥见
catch sb’s attention引起某人注意
catch the point of 抓住…的要点
9.以clear为中心的词组
clear away 扫除,消除
clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停
clear out 清除,扫出
clear up(天)变晴;打扫,消除
10..以come为中心的词组
come aboutvi.发生,改变方向
come across偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付
come at达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击
come back回来;恢复,复原
come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒
come into being发生,产生,出现,形成
come into power开始执政,当权,当选
come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行
come into existence形成,产生,开始存在
come into fashion开始流行
come into operation开始运转,实施,生效
come into use开始使用,获得应用
come round/around 拜访,绕道
come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐,说到/提及到
come to an agreement 达成协议
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to a decision 作出决定
come to an end终止,结束
come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿,
come to an understanding 取得谅解
when it comes to…就…而论,谈到
come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白
come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生
come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来
come to oneself苏醒
come true实现,成为现实;证实
come up走近;上楼;流行起来;发芽,上来;(问题)被提出;(风浪)猛烈起来
11.以compare为中心的词组
be compared to 被比作,与…相比
be compared with与…相比
beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的
compare notes with和…交换意见/核对笔记
compare …to…把..比作,把…与…相比
compare …with…把…与…相比
12.以devote为中心的词组
be devoted to 贡献给,致力于
devote one’s attention to 专心于
devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于,致力于
devote to献身于,专心于
13.以divide为中心的词组
be divided by…被…除
be divided on…对于…有分歧
divide sth. among / between…在…之间分配
divide A from B 把A同B分开
divide…into… 把…分成
divide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配
14.以die为中心的词组
die away渐熄(减弱,消失) 侧重于减弱直至“消失”(尤其指声音,光,风)
die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)
die of 死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因)
die from 死于(灾害、事故等外因)
die off死去
die out 灭绝,消失,熄灭
15.以do为中心的词组
do a good deed做一件好事
do the deed 付诸行动,生效
do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费
do /cause damage to 损害
do good to (=do sb. good)有益于
do harm to (=do sb. harm)有害于
do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人
do one’s best / utmost尽某人最大努力
do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮助某人
do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新
do with忍受,处理(对比:deal with)
do without不需要…也行,不用
16.以 drive为中心的词组
drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶
drive off 驱散
drive out 逐出,乘车出去
drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)
drive sb.mad 使某人发疯
17.以fall为中心的词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
fall back撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with…爱上(某人)
fall into a habit of 养成…习惯
fall off 掉下,衰退,减少
fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解
fall into ruins 成为废墟
18.以fix为中心的词组
fix a date / time for…为……安排日期/时间
fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供
fix on / upon 确定,决定
fix one’s eyes on/upon 注视,凝视
fix one’s attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在
19.以get为中心的词组
get about徘徊,走动,旅行;流传
get accustomed to习惯于,对……习以为常
get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
get ahead of胜过,超过
get along前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
get along with与……相处
get around 走动,传播,影响,说服
get away离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假
get back取回,回来;报复
get close to 接近,靠近
get down to认真对待,静下心来
get/catch/seize/take hold of获得,取得,抓住
get in touch with…与…取得联系
get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债
get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身
get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成
get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱
get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格
get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见
20.以give为中心的词组
give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发
give back归还,反射
give forth发出,放出;发表
give in屈服,让步,投降
give off发出(烟,气味)
give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完
give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生
give up放弃;停止
give way to让步,退却;屈服于
given that…假定,给定,已知
21.以go为中心的词组
go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传
go across 度过,越过
go after 追逐,追求,跟随
go against 反对,不利于
go ahead 前进,进展,继续
go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴
go along with… 陪伴,和…一道走
go back to 追溯至
go bad 变坏,腐败
go beyond 超过,胜过
go by 经过,过去
go down 下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静
go for 支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)
go in for 喜欢,参加,赞成,从事, 为…而努力
go into 进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究
go off 走开,爆炸
go on 继续,接下去
go on to do 接着做(另一件事)
go on doing 继续做(同一件事)
go on with…继续做,忍受
go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休
go over 温习,检查,越过
go through 审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受
go up 上升,上涨,攀登
go without 无需,没有…也行
go wrong 出故障,走错路
22.以hold为中心的词组
hold back 隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留
hold to / by 坚持,固守
hold down 压制,压低,缩减
hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开
hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张
hold up 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞
hold with 和…意见一致,赞成
23.以keep为中心的词组
keep away (from) 不接近,避开,远离
keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒
keep company with…和…结交
keep …from…阻止
keep in mind 记住
keep in touch with…与…保持联系/不断接触
keep off 不接近,远离
keep on doing 继续,不停地做
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
keep out 使…不入内
keep pace with…跟上,同…步调一致
keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持
keep up with…赶上,跟上 ,与…并肩前进
keep watch 守望,值班,注意
24.以lay为中心的词组
lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏
lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲
lay off (暂时)解雇,放弃,停止
lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏
25.以leave为中心的词组
leave about乱放,乱丢
leave alone 听任,任其自然
leave…as it is.听其自然
leave behind 留下,忘记携带
leave for (离开某地)去某地
leave out 省去,遗漏,不把…计算在内
leave off 停止,脱去,戒除
leave office 离职,下台
leave over 留下,剩下,延期
leave room for 为…让出地方
leave school 毕业
leave sth, to / with sb把…交给/留给某人.
leave sb, sth. 把…交给/留给某人
leave word / a message 留言,留信
26.以look为中心的词组
look about四下环顾;查看
look after照顾,看管
look around东张西望
look back on / upon …回顾
look down on /upon俯视;轻视
look forward to盼望,期待
look into窥视;调查;浏览
look on /upon旁观;面向
look on / upon …as…把…看作
look out向外看;注意;当心,提防
look over从上面看过去;检查,忽略
look through透过……看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查
look to 面向,注意
look up 查阅,仰视,涨价
look up to仰望,尊敬
27.以make为中心的词组
be made from由……原料制成
be made (out) of由……材料制成
be made up of由……组成
make an appointment with sb.与…约定
make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要
make a fool of愚弄,欺骗
make a point 阐述观点
make a point of doing强调;决心,坚持
make a will 立下遗嘱
make advantages/use of使用,利用
make believe假装
make certain / sure确信,把……弄清楚
make contact with 接通,与……接触,与……联系
make for去向,向……前进;有利于
make oneself at home随便,别拘束
make oneself understood 让别人理解自己
make out填写;开支票;理解;辨认
make preparations for为…作准备
make the best/ most of尽量利用;极为重视
make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占…比例
make up to 接近,巴结;向……求爱
make way for 为……让路,让路于
make it 就这么定了,成功,达到某一特定目标, 赶到。
28.以meet为中心的词组
meet the need/demand/requirement of满足…需要
meet with 偶然碰见,遭受,
meet…by chance/accident偶然碰见
make ends meet 使收支相抵
29.以owe为中心的词组
owe … to…把…归功于,把…归因于,
owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于
owe it to…that…归功于,幸亏
owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人…
30.以pass为中心的词组
pass away 去世,(时间)过去
pass by 经过,(时间)过去
pass on/upon 传递,通过
pass out of one’s mind 被人忘掉
pass over 忽视,置之不理
pass through 经历,经过,贯穿
31.以pick为中心的词组
pick one’s words精选用词
pick out 挑出,辨别出
pick up 接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,收拾,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识
pick up with…结识,与…交朋友
32.以put为中心的词组
put aside 把……放在一边;搁置;排除
put away 把……放好,把……收拾;储藏;
put back 把……放回原处;拨回
put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落
put an end to 结束,终止,废除
put forward 提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡,
put in 驶入,进入
put…(down) in writing 把…写下来
put …… into把……放入;插入;翻译成
put…into use应用
put…into practice把…付诸于实践
put…into action把…付诸于实践,实施,使生效
put…into effect把..付诸于实践,实施,使生效
put…into operation 将…投入生产,实施,开动
put…into production将…投产,开始生产
put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下
put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
put one’s heart into 全神贯注,专心致志
put out 熄灭,伸出,拿出,制造,刺杀
put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过
put up 举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列
put up with 忍受,容忍
33.以refer 为中心的词组
refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅
be referred to 和…有关,归功于,被提交…处理
refer oneself to…依赖,求助于
refer to…as…把…称做,认为…是…
34.以see为中心的词组
see after 照料,照顾
see into 识透,调查
see out 送某人到门口/屋外,
see off送行
see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底
see to 照顾,处理,注意
see to it that…照料,努力使,注意把
seeing that…因为,鉴于,既然
35.以send为中心的词组
send away 解雇,赶走,把…送往远处
send down 把…向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)
send for 派人去叫/请/拿
send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别
send out 发出,散发,长出(树叶等)
send up 发射,使上升,向上传递
send word 通知,转告,捎信
36以set为中心的词组
be set in 以……为背景
set about(doing)着手,开始
set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样
set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝
set back 把(钟表)往回拨
set down 放下,卸下,登记,记载
set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火烧毁
set free 释放(某人)
set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)
set out vi.出发 vt.开始,着手(to do),布置
set up 建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)
37.以take为中心的词组
take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会
take a seat就坐
take a shower淋浴,洗澡
take advantage of 利用,乘…之便
take after 仿效,与…相似,长得像
take aim瞄准,设立目标
take away拿走,减去;夺去
take back收回,取消
take ……by surprise出奇制胜,突袭
take sb.by surprise 使惊讶
take care to do 务必做,留心做
take ……for/as…把……当作
take charge of负责,主管
take down 取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒
take effect 生效,起作用
take … for example 以…为例
take … for granted 认为…理所当然
take in 吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会
take…into account / consideration 考虑,重视
take it / things easy 别紧张,从容
take measures / steps 采取措施
take off vt.脱去,除去;vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名
take office就职,上任
take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任
take one’s place就坐,入坐,代替
take one’s time(to do) 慢慢做
take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)
take over 接管,接任,接收
take possession of 占有,拥有
take the place of代替
take the shape of 呈/取……的形状
take the size of 量…的尺寸
take pride in以……为荣,对……骄傲
take…seriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待
take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊
take sb.in one’s arms 拥抱某人
take turns(to do) 轮流做
take up for 袒护
take up with 致力于,忍受,对…发生兴趣
38.以think为中心的词组
think about 考虑
think aloud 自言自语
think highly / well/much/a lot of对…评价很高
think little/ill/nothing of 轻视,看不起
think of 想,想着,想做
think of …as…把…看作
think out 仔细考虑,想通
think over仔细考虑
think through想通
think to oneself 沉思,暗自想
think up 想出,想通,想起
39.以turn为中心的词组
turn away把……打发走,解雇,转脸不采,使转变方向
take one’s turn to do轮到做
turn a blind eye to对……视而不见
turn a deaf to对……充耳不闻
turn against背叛,采取敌对态度
turn back 折回,往回走
turn down 折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
turn into 走进;变成,变为
turn to ……for help 求助于
turn off 关上,解雇,避开(问题)
turn on 打开;反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
turn one’s attention to把注意力转向
turn out 培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是
turn out to be 原来是,证明是,结果是
turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页, 改过自新
turn (a)round 旋转,转过身来;改变意见;
turn to 变成;着手于
turn upside down 颠倒过来,翻过来
40.以watch为中心的词组
keep (a) watch 守望,值班,留心
watch one’s time /opportunity 等待时机
watch out (for)当心,监视,注意,提防
watch over 查看,监视,看守
watch one’s weight 留心体重
watch one’s step 当心,留心
三.高考真题大演练:
1.—The town is so beautiful!I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well________. (2013·江苏,23)
A.qualified B.preserved
C.decorated D.simplified
2.Team leaders m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes. (2013·江苏,29)
A.get over B.look over
C.take over D.come over
3.—OK,I’ve had enough of it.I give up.
—You can’t________your responsibilities. (2012·江苏,26)
A.run off with B.run up against
C.run out of D.run away from
4.—Are you still mad at her
—Not really,but I can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t ________ that her remarks hurt me. (2011·江苏,28)
A.deny B.refuse
C.reject D.decline
5.—You look upset.What’s the matter
—I had my proposal________again. (2011·江苏,30)
A.turned over B.turned on
C.turned off D.turned down
6.In much of the an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imal world,night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.
(2013·湖北,26)
A.set aside B.set down
C.set off D.set up
7.My uncle hasn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) been able to quit smoking,but at least he has ________.(2013·陕西,25)
A.cut out B.cut down
C.cut up D.cut off
8.Briggs will___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____as general manager when Mitchell retires. (2013·辽宁,32)
A.get away B.take over
C.set off D.run out
9.If you are in tro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uble,Mike is always willing to________a hand. (2013·天津,2)
A.lend B.shake
C.wave D.want
10.I had hoped to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to________. (2013·天津,8)
A.get away B.drop in
C.check out D.hold on
11.When the group ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )discussion is nearing its end,make sure to ________ it with important points. (2013·浙江,9)
A.conclude B.lead
C.avoid D.hold
12.A good listener ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )takes part in the conversation,________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing. (2013·浙江,12)
A.realizing B.copying
C.offering D.misunderstanding
13.Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep. (2013·浙江,17)
A.pack up B.build up
C.bring up D.take up
14.Michelle found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a job as a high school teacher which ________ spending quite a lot of time with students. (2013·福建,24)
A.enjoys B.involves
C.practices D.suggests
15.Old fashi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.(2013·福建,28)
A.turn down B.turn out
C.break down D.break out
16.Mother always ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.(2013·江西,27)
A.find out B.wash out
C.wear out D.set out
17.She ________ the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour. (2013·江西,31)
A.connected B.fitted
C.equipped D.matched
18.Mary is really ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) good at taking notes in class.She can________almost every word her teacher says. (2012·新课标全国,27)
A.put out B.put down
C.put away D.put together
19.If she doe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sn’t want to go,nothing you can say will________her.(2012·新课标全国,35)
A.persuade B.promise
C.invite D.support
20.The athlete’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s years of hard training________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2012·安徽,28)
A.went on B.got through
C.paid off D.ended up
【答案及解析】:
1答案 B 
解析 句意为:——这座城镇太美了,我实在是喜 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )欢它。——我也是。它的特色保存得很完好。be qualified合格的,有资格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的;be simplified被简化的。21世纪教育网版权所有
2答案 A 
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为:团队 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望——想要避免犯错所带来的尴尬。get over克服,恢复;look over仔细检查,查看;take over接管,接收;come over过来,顺便来访。21教育网
3答案 D
解析 句意为:——好了, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我已经受够了,我放弃。——你不能逃避你的责任。run away from逃离,躲避,符合句意。run off with带着……逃走,与……私奔;run up against偶遇;run out of用完。21cnjy.com
4答案 A
解析 句意为:——你仍然 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生她的气吗?——不了,不过我不能否认她的话伤害了我。deny否认,否定;refuse拒绝;reject拒绝接受,不予考虑;decline减少;下降;衰退;谢绝。21·cn·jy·com
5答案 D
解析 句意为:——你看上去有些心烦意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )乱。发生什么事了?——我的建议又被拒绝了。turn over翻身;移交;turn on打开(电视机、电灯等),接通(电流、煤气、水等);突然袭击;turn off关掉(电流、煤气、水等),拐弯;turn down拒绝;把……调低,关小。答语中含句式have sth. done,此处意为“使某物遭受……”,此意多指不好的事情。
6答案 A
解析 句意为:在大部分的动物世界里,夜 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )晚完全是被留出用来睡觉的时间。A项意为“留出,把……放一边”;B项意为“记下;放下;使下车”;C项意为“出发;引起”;D项意为“建立;安排”。故选A项。www.21-cn-jy.com
7答案 B
解析 句意为:我的叔叔没能戒掉吸烟,但是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )至少他抽得少了。cut out删除,停止;cut down减少;cut up切碎;cut off切断。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
8答案 B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为:Bri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ggs将在Mitchell退休后接任总经理。get away走开;take over接管;set off出发;run out用尽。21·世纪*教育网
9答案 A
解析 考查动词辨析。句意为:如果你有麻烦,迈克总是乐于帮忙。lend a hand意为“帮忙”。
10答案 A
解析 考查短语辨析。句意为:我本希望今年去度 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )假,但是我没能去成。get away意为“度假;脱身”;drop in意为“顺便拜访”;check out意为“退房”;hold on意为“抓住”。
11答案 A
解析 句意为:当小组讨论接近尾声时,要确保得出重要结论。conclude下结论,符合题意。lead 引导;avoid 避免;hold举行。www-2-1-cnjy-com
12答案 C
解析 句意为:一个好的倾听者参 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与进对话中时,要出主意、提问题,使得谈话流畅进行。offer ideas出主意,出点子。realize意识到,实现;copy复制; misunderstand误解,均不符合句意要求。故正确选项为C项。2-1-c-n-j-y
13答案 B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。pack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up打包,收拾行李;build up搭建,积累,增强;bring up养育,抚养;take up占据,拿起。根据句意“熊在夏秋两季积累自己的脂肪储备,以便在冬眠时有充足的能量来度过冬季。”知B项符合题意。  21*cnjy*com
14答案 B
解析 句意为:Michell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e找到了一份中学教师的工作,这份工作需要花费许多时间和学生在一起。involve doing sth.需要做某事;enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事;practice doing sth.练习做某事;suggest doing sth.建议做某事。由句意知选B项。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
15答案 C
解析 句意为:当无线网络在灾难中出故障时,老 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式电话起很大作用。turn down关小,拒绝;turn out结果是;break down崩溃,损坏;break out(战争、火灾等)爆发。由句意知选项C正确。【版权所有:21教育】
16答案 C
解析 本题考查动词短语辨析。find ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t查明,发现;wash out洗净,冲毁;wear out耗尽,用坏,穿破;set out出发,开始。句意为:母亲总是抱怨说孩子们很快就把他们的鞋穿破了。由此可知C项正确。21教育名师原创作品
17答案 D
解析 本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为:她用一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )颜色相配的漂亮窗帘来搭配地毯。match使相配;connect连接;fit使适合;equip装备,配备。21*cnjy*com
18答案 B
解析 put out熄灭;pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t down写下,记下;put away放好,储存;put together组合,放在一起。句意为:玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记,她几乎能记下老师说的每句话。故选B项。
19答案 A
解析 if引导条件状语从句,根据逻辑将句子补全,此空应该填入一个含有“说服”意义的词,只有A项符合。persuade劝服。
20答案 C
解析 句意为:当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时,她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on继续,接下去;get through渡过难关;pay off得到回报;end up以……告终。该运动员获得奥运会金牌是对她多年刻苦训练的“回报”,故选C项。
四.模拟试题来检测:
1.All my pockets have been ________ but I can’t find my keys.
A.got through B.given out
C.gone through D.gone down
2.Teaching pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onunciation class to a mixed group of learners can ________ a teacher with many challenging problems.
A.provide B.produce
C.present D.offer
3.Faced with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a problem,you have to ________ it first,and then try to find a solution.
A.resemble B.substitute
C.concentrate D.analyze
4.Evidence obtaine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d from observation and experiment is often used to ________ a scientific theory.
A.confirm B.claim
C.conclude D.calculate
5.The little boy was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) so careless with his spelling that he often ________ letters from words.
A.left out B.left behind
C.left off D.let alone
6.I think Jack wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll ________ a good monitor,so I’d like to vote for him.
A.turn B.change
C.make D.elect
7.—Is your husband good at cleaning up the room
—Not very,but when it ________ cooking,he is much better than I am.
A.talks about B.refers to
C.comes to D.deals with
8.Even if the tre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atment ________,there’s still no magic pill for patients in the late stage of AIDS.
A.does B.uses
C.works D.helps
9.The governme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt has agreed to pay the firms extra sums to ________ for their financial losses.
A.make up B.bring up
C.fill up D.look up
10.—How much did the guy ________ you to fix your 3G mobile phone
—I don’t remember,but it was quite a lot.
A.cost B.spend
C.charge D.take
11.No one could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ the failure of the experiment as everything went smoothly at first.
A.give an account for
B.account for
C.take account of
D.take into account
12.—If we take a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lane,we’ll of course have arrived in London by the next weekend.
—Don’t be too sure ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).We should ________ the weather factor.What shall we do if it is foggy
A.look for B.allow for
C.prepare for D.use for
13.By playing wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h the native boys and girls,one can ________ a lot of their language.
A.pick up B.set up
C.build up D.put up
14.We were suppose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to move into our new classroom building at the beginning of this month,but things didn’t ________ as planned.
A.work out B.carry out
C.move out D.get out
15.She________her younger sister in appearance but not in character.
A.looks B.compares
C.equals D.resembles
16.Bob’s lectures ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ a fairly wide range and I can’t sum up what he says in a few sentences.
A.covered B.conveyed
C.considered D.commanded
17.The new m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ovie ________ to be one of the biggest money makers of all time.
A.promises B.agrees
C.pretends D.intends
18.To make su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re those relics are well preserved,the museum has ________ modern technologies to monitor the conditions of them.
A.adapted B.applied
C.appointed D.abolished
19.Walking alone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the dark,the boy whistled to ________ his courage.
A.hold up B.keep up
C.set up D.take up
20.The police sus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pected him of carrying drugs so they________his bag,but found nothing.
A.looked up B.turned in
C.searched for D.went through
21.This group of d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esigners ________a plan for the project of the company.
A.drew up B.sent up
C.set up D.turned up
22.A good speaker ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is supposed to manage to ________ the listeners what he means.
A.make sense to B.get across to
C.appeal to D.attach to
23.We have very str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ict quality control and anything imperfect is________,so customers feel secure about our products.
A.denied B.rejected
C.deserted D.refused
24.I have ________ everything that happened,as I remember it.
A.set off B.set on
C.set out D.set down
25.Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A.brought up B.looked up
C.picked up D.set up
【答案及解析】:
1答案 C
解析 考查动词短语辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意为:我找遍了所有的口袋,但是没有发现钥匙。go through仔细检查,搜查,符合句意。get through通过,到达;give out分发;go down下降,都不符合语意。
2答案 C
解析 provide,present,o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ffer都有“提供”的意思。provide意思是“供给(某物)”;present则表示“呈现(某种状况),使经历”;offer构成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的结构。故C项符合句意。
3答案 D
解析 考查动词辨析。句意为:面对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问题,你必须先分析,然后尽力找出解决办法。resemble看起来像;substitute代替;concentrate集中(注意力);analyze分析。由句意知选D项。
4答案 A
解析 考查动词辨析。confir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m证实;claim声称,断言;conclude得出结论;calculate计算,估计。句意为:由观察和实验得出的证据通常被用来证实科学理论。故A项正确。
5答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )leave out遗漏;leave behind留下,遗留;leave off停止,中断;let alone更不用说。依据前面提及的careless可知,这里应该是将单词的字母遗漏了。故选A项。
6答案 C
解析 考查动词辨析。此处make表示“成为”。假如选择A项,应该去掉句中的不定冠词a。
7答案 C
解析 考查动词短语。“when it comes to...”是常用句式,意思是“当谈及……的时候”。
8答案 C
解析 考查动词辨析。句意为:尽管治疗起作用了,但是对于晚期的艾滋病患者来说还是没有什么特效药。work起作用,生效,符合句意。
9答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ):政府已同意付给这些公司额外的款项来弥补他们的经济损失。make up弥补;bring up抚养;fill up(使)充满;look up查找。
10答案 C
解析 考查动词辨析。charg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e在此作动词用,是“索价”的意思。charge sb.some money to do sth.为做某事向某人索价。
11答案 B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。give ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an account for叙述,说明;account for解释,说明……的原因;take account of和take into account的意思均为“考虑到,顾及”。account for符合语意。
12答案 B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。look for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )寻找;allow for考虑到;prepare for为……作准备;use for用做。allow for符合语意。
13答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为:与本土的孩子们玩可以顺便学会许多他们的语言。pick up(偶然)获得,听到,学会,符合句意。
14答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out成功地发展,计算。根据语意“按说我们在这个月初就会搬进新教学楼,但事情并不像计划的那样顺利”可知选A项。
15答案 D
解析 句意为:她的长相像她的妹妹,但是性格不同。resemble表示“相似,像”。如果选择A项,需要在后面加上like。
16答案 A
解析 根据“I can’t sum u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p what he says in a few sentences”可知,这些报告覆盖面很广。cover涵盖,涉及,符合题意。
17答案 A
解析 句意为:这部新电影有望成为空前的最大的赚钱者之一。promise有前途,有指望,符合句意。
18答案 B
解析 句意为:为了确保这些文物得到很好的保护,博物馆应用现代技术监视它们的状态。apply应用,符合句意。
19答案 B
解析 句意为:独自在黑暗中行走,男孩吹口 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )哨保持勇气。B项意为“维持,使不低落”,符合句意。A项意为“举起”;C项意为“建立”;D项意为“拿起”,都与句意不符。
20答案 D
解析 句意为:警察怀疑他携带 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )毒品,因此他们仔细检查了他的包,但什么也没有发现。go through经历,仔细检查,用完,通过。而look up“查阅(词典)”,search for“寻找”和turn in“交还,上交”都和语境不符。
21答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )draw up草拟,写出。句意为:这个设计小组为公司的那项工程起草了计划。send up发射;set up树立,创立;turn up调大,现身。
22答案 B
解析 本句中get across to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the listeners what he means=get across what he means to the listeners。get sth. across to sb.使某事为某人所明白。句意为:好的演说者应能成功地向听众讲明白自己的意思。
23答案 B
解析 reject(因质量不好而)废弃 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com );deny否认;desert抛弃,废弃;refuse拒绝。句意为:我们严格把控质量,任何不完美的东西都会被废弃,因而顾客对我们的产品有安全感。
24答案 D
解析 由“as I remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it”可知,我照自己的记忆把发生的一切都记了下来。set down记下,写下,符合句意。set off动身;set out着手做;set on袭击,攻击。
25答案 C
解析 句意为:山姆只是凭借看别人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。表示“学会”用pick up;pick up另外还有“捡起;顺车接送,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始;获得”等意思;bring up表示“抚养,教育;提出;呕吐”;look up表示“向上看;(形势)好转,改善;查阅”;set up表示“建立;设置;产生”。
                 
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