2014高考英语阅读理解二轮限时训练精品题（4）及答案
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2014高考英语阅读理解二轮限时训练精品题（4）及答案
【2014高考英语马鞍山市质量检测】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Xinhua News Agency－T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2013, organized by the Chinese Society of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, opened in Wuhan, on Oct 24. More than 300 energy experts, scholars and businessmen from countries and areas including the United States, Japan, the EU, Australia, South Africa, Thailand, Nigeria, Arab and China are attending the three-day academic conference on the world’s energy problems.
Professor Zheng Chugu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ang, from the School of Energy and Power Engineering at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, gave a speech on the development of oxygen fuel technology in China, and said that settling the problem of cost ranks highest.
George Saxon, vice-pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esident of Conco Systems Inc, US, presented a report on the topic of Energy Engineer to Shape the Future. He said that the company’s research and innovation (创新) are of great significance for the future and already contribute to reducing costs and improving efficiency (效率).
Professor Did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ier Mayer from the Ecole des Mines de Paris, France, spoke about “Wind Energy R&D Line Based on the Global Renewable Energy Status”, and Professor Yasuo Koizumi of Shinshu University in Japan and Li Chun-Zhu of Curtin University of Technology in Australia also gave speeches at the conference.
The academic meetin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gs are expected to cover topics from various fields. In addition, the participants will discuss the most advanced academic research around the world, the latest progress and development trends in the various fields. The conference has attracted 232 academic papers, with 176 papers from China, and 56 from abroad.
64. Who probably attended the meeting
A. Students from high schools. B. Scholars from Canada.
C. Officials from governments. D. Experts from companies.
65. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Professor Zheng, what matters most about energy problems
A. Reducing cost. B. Using wind energy.
C. Saving energy. D. Developing new fuels.
66. Which of the following statements is true
A. 300 participants are attending the two-day academic conference.
B. George Saxon supports the company’s research and innovation.
C. Didier Mayer gave a speech on oxygen fuel technology in China.
D. The conference has attracted 232 academic papers from abroad.
67. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To discuss the world energy problems.
B. To introduce to readers some energy experts.
C. To introduce an international energy conference.
D. To show the world’s great concern about environment.
【参考答案】64—67 DABC
2014高考英语湖北省八校联考】
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The issue of priv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acy versus openness is a paradox, particularly when it comes to the American home. “Lots” or “yards” (gardens) can be large and many are not enclosed by the walls, fences or hedges so popular in other cultures. Similarly, “window treatments” frame the window. but the use of European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors is rare. In the same style, first-time visitors to an American home may be proudly given the full tour; even walk-in closets and en suite bathrooms are not considered off-limits. They may also be encouraged to help themselves to a soda from the fridge. All this gives an impression of openness.
Yet Americans do va ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lue their personal space and privacy. A Brazilian expatriate (侨民) who dropped in on her usually friendly Connecticut neighbors unannounced got the clear impression she should have called first. Similarly while a typical suburban home features large, shared areas, such as an open-plan kitchen and family room or “den”, ample private space is also allowed in the floor plan. A visit to a family home in the evening would likely find the family members dispersed, each independently watching TV, on the phone, surfing the Internet, or otherwise recharging batteries in the privacy of their own bedroom.
American i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndividualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in lifestyle. Despite the fact that the average household size has declined over the past thirty years from3.1 people to 2.6 people per household, the average size of a new family home increased during the same period from 1,500 to 2,200 square feet.
A common ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )observation is just how outsized everything is. The beds are king-sized, the TVs have giant screens, the burgers are “whoppers (庞然大物),” appliances are “industrial” size. The largest popcorn or soda at the movies can be “supersized.” Closets are “walk in,” and some cars are the size of a military vehicle.
67. The passage suggests that Americans___________.
A. are rich enough ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to afford large size houses and luxurious electricity appliances
B. are very shy whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n talking about keeping their privacy and their personal space
C. would like to express their lifestyles in public to show them off
D. enjoy openness ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as well as individualism although they seem to contradict each other
68.Why can we say th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at American individualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in their lifestyle
A. Because the ave ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rage size of a new house has increased during the past thirty years.
B. Because American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s often use European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors.
C. Because many houses are equipped with walk-in closets.
D. Because the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )house size, outsized household furniture and independent living habits have proved it.
69. The underlined phrase in the passage means___________.
A. filling a battery with electrical power
B. recovering your strength and energy by resting for a while
C. changing your batteries again
D. obtaining new batteries because old ones are running out
70. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e passage, if you drop in on an American family which is usually friendly to you in the evening, you____________.
A. will be deeply impressed by their family get-together scene
B. will be invited to a party which is well-prepared
C. will find family m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )embers scattered, and enjoying themselves individually
D. will be war ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mly welcomed even if they don’t get informed of your visit earlier
【参考答案】67-70DDBC
阅读理解课堂练学案（16）
Passage Nine (The P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rogram-Federal Government Helps Minority Business)
Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.
MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage
[A] The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.
There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.
[C] After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.
[D] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.
2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s
[A] seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.
Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.
[C] Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.
[D] Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.
3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage
[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.
Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.
[C] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.
[D] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.
4.The author refers to the ‘financial and operating problems’ encountered by MESBIC’s primarily in order to
[A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC’s through sponsoring companies.
call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.
[C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s.
[D] Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.
5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as
[A] disappointing.
Indifferent.
[C] Shocked.
[D] Defensive.
Vocabulary
1.implement 执行，履行
2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的
3.intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司
4.venture capital 风险资本
5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者
6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏
7.pragmatically 实用地
难句译注
1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2％。
2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.
【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。
3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.
利用政府资助的风险资本。
4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。
5. MESBIC – minority enterprise small business investment company
少数民族小型企业投资公司。
6. MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.
【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。
7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.
【参考译文】后者――高级经理们――在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。
写作方法与文章大意
文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划――联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。
为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业――使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场――取得了成功。
可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。
答案详解
1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。
B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。
2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）
A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。
3. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高――令人失望，从而推断C项结论。
A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。
4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。
A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。
5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工――一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。
B.漠不关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A few months ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o as I wandered through my parents’ house, the same house I grew up in, I had a sudden, scary realization. When my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than I am now. I tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house I’d still be living in almost 30 years later.
It seemed ridicu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lous. On a practical level, there’s no way I could afford to buy a house anytime soon. More importantly, I wouldn’t want to. I’m not sure where I’ll be living in two years, or what kind of job I’ll have. And I don’t think I’ll be ready to settle down and stay in one place.
So this is probabl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents. When our parents were our age, they’d gotten their education, chosen a career, and were starting to settle into responsible adult lives.
My friends and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I – “Generation Y” – still aren’t sure what we want to do with our lives. Whatever we end up doing, we want to make sure we’re happy doing it. We’d rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place. We’d rather spend our money on travel than put it in a savings account.
This casual att ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”, “impatient”, and “overprotected”. Some of these complaints have a point. As children we were encouraged to succeed in school, but also to have fun. We grew up in a world full of technological innovation: cell phones, the Internet, instant messaging, and video games.
Our parents look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to rise vertically(垂直的)--starting at the bottom of the ladder and slowly making their way to the top, on the same track, often for the same company. That doesn’t apply to my generation.
Because of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing. In our desire to find satisfaction, we will work harder, strive for ways to keep life interesting, and gain a broader set of experiences and knowledge than our parents’ generation did.
By Ariel Lewiton
31. When the author walked through her parents’ house, she _______.
A. was frightened that she had no idea what she wanted from life
B. realized she should buy a house.
C. started to think about her own life
D. wondered why her parents had settled down early
【答案】C
【解析】推理题。根据第一段2,3,4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行When my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than I am now. I tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house I’d still be living in almost 30 years later说明我在思考自己的人生之路，故C正确。
32. What is the mai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n “generation gap” between the author and her friends and their parents according to the article
A. Their attitude toward high technology.
B. Their attitude towards responsibility.
C. Their ways of making their way to the top.
D. Their ways of gaining experience.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一行This casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”说明态度是我们这一代和父母那一代最大的差别，故B正确。
33. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. It’s ridiculous to call her generation “arrogant”.
B. It’s better to take adult responsibility earlier.
C. It involves too much effort to rise vertically.
D. It’s all right to try more before settling down.
【答案】D
【解析】推理题。根据文章最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段内容Because of that, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood.说明要花更多的时间才能让我们意识到责任的重要性。根据文章第四段We’d rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place说明我们要尝试很多不同的事物，以后在定居下来，故A的做法可能适合我们这一代。故D正确。
34. What can we conclude from the article
A. The author wrot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e this article so that others would be able to understand her generation better.
B. Growing up in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hi-tech world makes “Generation Y” feel insecure about relationships.
C. “Generation Y” p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople don’t want to grow up and love to be taken care of by their parents.
D. The auth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or is envious of her parents enjoying a big house at her age.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。作者写本文就是为了向读者介绍他们这一代人的思想，让别人更好的理解他们，接受他们，故A正确。
35. What is the main theme of the article
A. The sudden realization of growing up.
B. Criticisms of the young generation.
C. A comparison between lifestyles of generations.
D. The factors that have changed the young generation.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。本文是利用我和我的父母这两代人之间在价值观和生活态度上的差异的比较来向读者介绍我们这一代人的思想和其它情况。故C正确。
【2014高考英语马鞍山市质量检测】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“iPhone 5”, the tallest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone
We don’t want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) change your phone, we want to make you say, “Wow, that is a bigger change than I expected”. “iPhone 5” is a result of that desire to surprise.
It’s been completely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )redesigned. For the first time ever, we’ve increased the size of display (显示) by making the screen taller but not wider.
You can see more of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your content without the need to scroll. We are making scrolling the thing of the past. It is more comfortable to use and reduces tiredness from scrolling when you read long documents.
Even with the lar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger display, it is the thinnest iPhone we ever built. To achieve the design this tall, we have to look at it and completely redesign the architecture inside. It’s 18% thinner and 79.5% taller than the previous iPhone. It makes everything you do on “iPhone5” easier. No more hidden menus, no confusing gestures. Everything is right at your fingertips.
The panorama fea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ture (全景拍照) is simply awesome. The ultra HD (超高清) widescreen display lets you get your entire shot in a single snap (快门). You can also use its creative design for picture stabilization.
With an iPhone this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) tall, reception of signals has never been better. And of course, all your favorite applications are still available. In fact you will find your old favorites also benefit from the new experiencing handsome ultra HD widescreen. We found while many previous iPhone owners were using Facetime, they only used it for the faces. That’s why we are introducing Bodytime. With its ultra HD widescreen display, Bodytime lets you see a person’s entire body.
It took all of ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r learning and all of our thinking to realize something so simple, so clear, and yet so tall.
And I wish your po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cket were tall enough to hold such a perfect invention!
68. How is the screen of “iPhone 5” different from the previous ones
A. Wider. B. Taller. C. Easier. D. Thinner.
69. What does the underlined word “scroll” probably mean
A. Update the webpage. B. Download new documents.
C. Refresh the content. D. Move the content upward.
70. What can we infer about “iPhone 5” from the passage
A. It is really necessary for you to hide menus.
B. The reception of signals is bad due to its length.
C. Bodytime is popular with previous iPhone owners.
D. New applications of “iPhone 5” are unbelievable.
71. “iPhone 5” is introduced in a(n) ________ way in this passage.
A. humorous B. objective C. scientific D. serious
【参考答案】68—71 BDDA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Believe it or not, optical illusion(视错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )point. It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the Amer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ican Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Too great speed p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related risks are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平杆)painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
36. The passage mainly discusses ________.
A. a new type of optical illusion
B. a new pattern for painting highways
C. a new way of training drivers
D. a new way of highway speed control
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速公路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到控制车速的目的。
37. On roads pain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.
A. they should avoid speed-related danger
B. they should slow down their speed
C. they are driving in the wrong side
D. they are coming near to the speed limit
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，由“But ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.”可知B项正确。
pared with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) straight, horizontal bars, what is the advantage of chevrons
A. They will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have a longer effect on drivers B. They can cut road accidents in half
C. They will look more attractive D. They can keep drivers awake
【答案】A
【解析】推断题。由最后两段对比可知，人字形线比直线，平等线对控制车速有更长久的影响。
39. The America ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
A. repeat the Japanese road patterns
B. change the road signs across the country
C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
D. try out the Japanese method in certain areas
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据“paint che ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country”可知他们在精心挑选的几条路上试验日本的模式。
40. What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads
A. They are suitable only on broad roads.
B. They are falling out of use in the United States.
C. They are ignored in a long period of time.
D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.
【答案】C
【解析】推理题。根据“H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owever, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”可知答案选C。
【2014高考英语马鞍山市质量检测】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Xinhua News Agency－T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2013, organized by the Chinese Society of Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy, opened in Wuhan, on Oct 24. More than 300 energy experts, scholars and businessmen from countries and areas including the United States, Japan, the EU, Australia, South Africa, Thailand, Nigeria, Arab and China are attending the three-day academic conference on the world’s energy problems.
Professor Zheng Chugu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ang, from the School of Energy and Power Engineering at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, gave a speech on the development of oxygen fuel technology in China, and said that settling the problem of cost ranks highest.
George Saxon, vice-pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esident of Conco Systems Inc, US, presented a report on the topic of Energy Engineer to Shape the Future. He said that the company’s research and innovation (创新) are of great significance for the future and already contribute to reducing costs and improving efficiency (效率).
Professor Did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ier Mayer from the Ecole des Mines de Paris, France, spoke about “Wind Energy R&D Line Based on the Global Renewable Energy Status”, and Professor Yasuo Koizumi of Shinshu University in Japan and Li Chun-Zhu of Curtin University of Technology in Australia also gave speeches at the conference.
The academic meetin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gs are expected to cover topics from various fields. In addition, the participants will discuss the most advanced academic research around the world, the latest progress and development trends in the various fields. The conference has attracted 232 academic papers, with 176 papers from China, and 56 from abroad.
64. Who probably attended the meeting
A. Students from high schools. B. Scholars from Canada.
C. Officials from governments. D. Experts from companies.
65. According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Professor Zheng, what matters most about energy problems
A. Reducing cost. B. Using wind energy.
C. Saving energy. D. Developing new fuels.
66. Which of the following statements is true
A. 300 participants are attending the two-day academic conference.
B. George Saxon supports the company’s research and innovation.
C. Didier Mayer gave a speech on oxygen fuel technology in China.
D. The conference has attracted 232 academic papers from abroad.
67. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To discuss the world energy problems.
B. To introduce to readers some energy experts.
C. To introduce an international energy conference.
D. To show the world’s great concern about environment.
【参考答案】64—67 DABC
2014高考英语湖北省八校联考】
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The issue of priv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acy versus openness is a paradox, particularly when it comes to the American home. “Lots” or “yards” (gardens) can be large and many are not enclosed by the walls, fences or hedges so popular in other cultures. Similarly, “window treatments” frame the window. but the use of European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors is rare. In the same style, first-time visitors to an American home may be proudly given the full tour; even walk-in closets and en suite bathrooms are not considered off-limits. They may also be encouraged to help themselves to a soda from the fridge. All this gives an impression of openness.
Yet Americans do va ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lue their personal space and privacy. A Brazilian expatriate (侨民) who dropped in on her usually friendly Connecticut neighbors unannounced got the clear impression she should have called first. Similarly while a typical suburban home features large, shared areas, such as an open-plan kitchen and family room or “den”, ample private space is also allowed in the floor plan. A visit to a family home in the evening would likely find the family members dispersed, each independently watching TV, on the phone, surfing the Internet, or otherwise recharging batteries in the privacy of their own bedroom.
American i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndividualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in lifestyle. Despite the fact that the average household size has declined over the past thirty years from3.1 people to 2.6 people per household, the average size of a new family home increased during the same period from 1,500 to 2,200 square feet.
A common ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )observation is just how outsized everything is. The beds are king-sized, the TVs have giant screens, the burgers are “whoppers (庞然大物),” appliances are “industrial” size. The largest popcorn or soda at the movies can be “supersized.” Closets are “walk in,” and some cars are the size of a military vehicle.
67. The passage suggests that Americans___________.
A. are rich enough ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to afford large size houses and luxurious electricity appliances
B. are very shy whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n talking about keeping their privacy and their personal space
C. would like to express their lifestyles in public to show them off
D. enjoy openness ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) as well as individualism although they seem to contradict each other
68.Why can we say th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at American individualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in their lifestyle
A. Because the ave ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rage size of a new house has increased during the past thirty years.
B. Because American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s often use European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors.
C. Because many houses are equipped with walk-in closets.
D. Because the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )house size, outsized household furniture and independent living habits have proved it.
69. The underlined phrase in the passage means___________.
A. filling a battery with electrical power
B. recovering your strength and energy by resting for a while
C. changing your batteries again
D. obtaining new batteries because old ones are running out
70. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e passage, if you drop in on an American family which is usually friendly to you in the evening, you____________.
A. will be deeply impressed by their family get-together scene
B. will be invited to a party which is well-prepared
C. will find family m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )embers scattered, and enjoying themselves individually
D. will be war ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mly welcomed even if they don’t get informed of your visit earlier
【参考答案】67-70DDBC
阅读理解课堂练学案（16）
Passage Nine (The P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rogram-Federal Government Helps Minority Business)
Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.
MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage
[A] The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.
There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.
[C] After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.
[D] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.
2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s
[A] seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.
Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.
[C] Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.
[D] Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.
3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage
[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.
Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.
[C] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.
[D] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.
4.The author refers to the ‘financial and operating problems’ encountered by MESBIC’s primarily in order to
[A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC’s through sponsoring companies.
call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.
[C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s.
[D] Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.
5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as
[A] disappointing.
Indifferent.
[C] Shocked.
[D] Defensive.
Vocabulary
1.implement 执行，履行
2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的
3.intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司
4.venture capital 风险资本
5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者
6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏
7.pragmatically 实用地
难句译注
1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2％。
2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.
【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。
3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.
利用政府资助的风险资本。
4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。
5. MESBIC – minority enterprise small business investment company
少数民族小型企业投资公司。
6. MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.
【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。
7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.
【参考译文】后者――高级经理们――在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。
写作方法与文章大意
文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划――联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。
为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业――使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场――取得了成功。
可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。
答案详解
1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。
B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。
2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）
A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。
3. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高――令人失望，从而推断C项结论。
A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。
4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。
A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。
5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工――一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。
B.漠不关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A few months ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o as I wandered through my parents’ house, the same house I grew up in, I had a sudden, scary realization. When my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than I am now. I tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house I’d still be living in almost 30 years later.
It seemed ridicu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lous. On a practical level, there’s no way I could afford to buy a house anytime soon. More importantly, I wouldn’t want to. I’m not sure where I’ll be living in two years, or what kind of job I’ll have. And I don’t think I’ll be ready to settle down and stay in one place.
So this is probabl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents. When our parents were our age, they’d gotten their education, chosen a career, and were starting to settle into responsible adult lives.
My friends and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I – “Generation Y” – still aren’t sure what we want to do with our lives. Whatever we end up doing, we want to make sure we’re happy doing it. We’d rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place. We’d rather spend our money on travel than put it in a savings account.
This casual att ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”, “impatient”, and “overprotected”. Some of these complaints have a point. As children we were encouraged to succeed in school, but also to have fun. We grew up in a world full of technological innovation: cell phones, the Internet, instant messaging, and video games.
Our parents look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to rise vertically(垂直的)--starting at the bottom of the ladder and slowly making their way to the top, on the same track, often for the same company. That doesn’t apply to my generation.
Because of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing. In our desire to find satisfaction, we will work harder, strive for ways to keep life interesting, and gain a broader set of experiences and knowledge than our parents’ generation did.
By Ariel Lewiton
31. When the author walked through her parents’ house, she _______.
A. was frightened that she had no idea what she wanted from life
B. realized she should buy a house.
C. started to think about her own life
D. wondered why her parents had settled down early
【答案】C
【解析】推理题。根据第一段2,3,4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行When my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than I am now. I tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house I’d still be living in almost 30 years later说明我在思考自己的人生之路，故C正确。
32. What is the mai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n “generation gap” between the author and her friends and their parents according to the article
A. Their attitude toward high technology.
B. Their attitude towards responsibility.
C. Their ways of making their way to the top.
D. Their ways of gaining experience.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一行This casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”说明态度是我们这一代和父母那一代最大的差别，故B正确。
33. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. It’s ridiculous to call her generation “arrogant”.
B. It’s better to take adult responsibility earlier.
C. It involves too much effort to rise vertically.
D. It’s all right to try more before settling down.
【答案】D
【解析】推理题。根据文章最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段内容Because of that, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood.说明要花更多的时间才能让我们意识到责任的重要性。根据文章第四段We’d rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place说明我们要尝试很多不同的事物，以后在定居下来，故A的做法可能适合我们这一代。故D正确。
34. What can we conclude from the article
A. The author wrot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e this article so that others would be able to understand her generation better.
B. Growing up in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hi-tech world makes “Generation Y” feel insecure about relationships.
C. “Generation Y” p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople don’t want to grow up and love to be taken care of by their parents.
D. The auth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or is envious of her parents enjoying a big house at her age.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。作者写本文就是为了向读者介绍他们这一代人的思想，让别人更好的理解他们，接受他们，故A正确。
35. What is the main theme of the article
A. The sudden realization of growing up.
B. Criticisms of the young generation.
C. A comparison between lifestyles of generations.
D. The factors that have changed the young generation.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。本文是利用我和我的父母这两代人之间在价值观和生活态度上的差异的比较来向读者介绍我们这一代人的思想和其它情况。故C正确。
【2014高考英语马鞍山市质量检测】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“iPhone 5”, the tallest thing to happen to iPhone since iPhone
We don’t want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) change your phone, we want to make you say, “Wow, that is a bigger change than I expected”. “iPhone 5” is a result of that desire to surprise.
It’s been completely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )redesigned. For the first time ever, we’ve increased the size of display (显示) by making the screen taller but not wider.
You can see more of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your content without the need to scroll. We are making scrolling the thing of the past. It is more comfortable to use and reduces tiredness from scrolling when you read long documents.
Even with the lar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger display, it is the thinnest iPhone we ever built. To achieve the design this tall, we have to look at it and completely redesign the architecture inside. It’s 18% thinner and 79.5% taller than the previous iPhone. It makes everything you do on “iPhone5” easier. No more hidden menus, no confusing gestures. Everything is right at your fingertips.
The panorama fea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ture (全景拍照) is simply awesome. The ultra HD (超高清) widescreen display lets you get your entire shot in a single snap (快门). You can also use its creative design for picture stabilization.
With an iPhone this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) tall, reception of signals has never been better. And of course, all your favorite applications are still available. In fact you will find your old favorites also benefit from the new experiencing handsome ultra HD widescreen. We found while many previous iPhone owners were using Facetime, they only used it for the faces. That’s why we are introducing Bodytime. With its ultra HD widescreen display, Bodytime lets you see a person’s entire body.
It took all of ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r learning and all of our thinking to realize something so simple, so clear, and yet so tall.
And I wish your po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cket were tall enough to hold such a perfect invention!
68. How is the screen of “iPhone 5” different from the previous ones
A. Wider. B. Taller. C. Easier. D. Thinner.
69. What does the underlined word “scroll” probably mean
A. Update the webpage. B. Download new documents.
C. Refresh the content. D. Move the content upward.
70. What can we infer about “iPhone 5” from the passage
A. It is really necessary for you to hide menus.
B. The reception of signals is bad due to its length.
C. Bodytime is popular with previous iPhone owners.
D. New applications of “iPhone 5” are unbelievable.
71. “iPhone 5” is introduced in a(n) ________ way in this passage.
A. humorous B. objective C. scientific D. serious
【参考答案】68—71 BDDA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Believe it or not, optical illusion(视错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )point. It has reduced car crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the Amer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ican Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Too great speed p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lays a major role in as much as one fifth of all serious traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related risks are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平杆)painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
36. The passage mainly discusses ________.
A. a new type of optical illusion
B. a new pattern for painting highways
C. a new way of training drivers
D. a new way of highway speed control
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速公路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到控制车速的目的。
37. On roads pain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________.
A. they should avoid speed-related danger
B. they should slow down their speed
C. they are driving in the wrong side
D. they are coming near to the speed limit
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题，由“But ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.”可知B项正确。
pared with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) straight, horizontal bars, what is the advantage of chevrons
A. They will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have a longer effect on drivers B. They can cut road accidents in half
C. They will look more attractive D. They can keep drivers awake
【答案】A
【解析】推断题。由最后两段对比可知，人字形线比直线，平等线对控制车速有更长久的影响。
39. The America ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
A. repeat the Japanese road patterns
B. change the road signs across the country
C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons
D. try out the Japanese method in certain areas
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据“paint che ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country”可知他们在精心挑选的几条路上试验日本的模式。
40. What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads
A. They are suitable only on broad roads.
B. They are falling out of use in the United States.
C. They are ignored in a long period of time.
D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.
【答案】C
【解析】推理题。根据“H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owever, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.”可知答案选C。