外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册 学案Unit6 Disaster and hope易混易错点辨析

【名师原创】：Unit6 易混易错点辨析
●compare….to….；compare…with….; compare A and B
【教材原句】
This, however, is nothing compared to the train. (教材P62)
【辨析】
两者都有“把…..和…..比较/相比”的意思，但有一定区别。
compare…. to….. 意思是①把…..与…..比较/相比，此时，可与compare …. With…. 互换。②把…..比作/比喻为…..，表示这一意思时，不可与compare ….. with…. 互换。
compare….with…. 意思是“把…..与…..比较/相比”, 指研判人与人之间、事物与事物之间相同或相异的程度, compare 的名词是comparison, 请注意以下词组：
compare notes with sb. 与某人交换意见。
by/in comparison with、to….与….相比
compare A and B 意思是“对比A和B”
【例句呈现】
Compare this to/with that, and you’ll see which is better.
把这个和那个相比，你就能看出哪个更好。
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, compared to/with his old one.
与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。
Nothing can compare with/to a mother’s love.
没有什么能与母爱相比。
This house doesn’t compare with/to our previous one.
这房子不如我们以前的房子。
Please compare your translation with/to the model translation on the blackboard.
请把你们的翻译和黑板上的翻译例子相比较。
We compared the brave man to a lion.
我们把勇敢的人比作雄狮。
Young people are often compared to the rising sun.
年轻人常被比作冉冉升起的太阳。
We often compare a teacher to a candle．
我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。
Poets have compared sleep to death.
诗人将睡眠比作死。
Books can be compared to friends.
书可以比喻为朋友。
It’s easier to compare British and American English now that we have the Internet.
有了互联网，我们就更容易比较英式英语和美式英语了。
【考点过关】
根据compare的用法填空
1. Film has a much shorter history, especially when ________ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
2. You’ll be compared _______ a giant when you devote yourself to country.
3. Our work can be compared _______ a battle.
4. The boy always compared his toys ________ other boys’ toys.
5. Shakespeare compared the world ______ a stage.
6. _______ with other years, we received many more photos.
7. I intended to compare notes _______ a friend, but unfortunately they couldn’t spare me even one minute.
8. _______ with silk, cotton is cheap.
9. By/In comparison ________ last year, the price of beef has increased.
10. Worst of all, I get a larger quantity of homework, _________ to them.
【参考答案】
1. compared; 2. to; 3. to; 4. with/to; 5. to; 6. Compared; 7. with; 8. Compared; 9. with/to; pared
●because; since；as; for
【教材原句】
Because there’s no air conditioning, the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degree! (教材P62)
【辨析】
四个词都可以表示“因为”，但是语气和用法有一定区别。其语气由强至弱依次为：because → since → as → for; 其中because, since, as均为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；而for 是并列连词，引导并列句。
because，通常指听者所不知道的直接原因，语气最强。一般用来回答why引出的问句，常位于主句之后，在强调句型中，如果强调的是原因状语从句，只能用because引导这个状语从句。
since，一般表示明显的或已为人所知的理由，侧重主句的意思，常译为“因为”、“既然”，相当于now that, 语气比because稍弱，通常置于句首，偶尔也可以放句尾，有时表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。
as 一般表示双方都知道的事实或显而易见的原因，或者理由不够重要，与since相同，但语气更弱，没有since正式，常译为“由于，鉴于”。往往是，从句说明原因，主句说明结果，主从句并重。
for是并列连词，一般不表示直接原因，常表示补充说明的理由，它所引导的分句只能放在另外一个分句后面，且前后两个分句在逻辑意义上不一定是因果关系，与前一个分句之间必修用逗号隔开，这一用法常见于较正式的书面语中。
【例句呈现】
Life was harder then because neither of us had a job.
那时生活比较艰苦，因为我俩都没有工作。
The party went well because everyone entered into the spirit of things.
晚会很成功，因为每个人都很投入。
Nothing will be done because no one in authority takes the matter seriously.
什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。
Since the rain has stopped, let’s go for a walk.
既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。
Since we are young, we shouldn’t be too afraid of making mistakes.
因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。
He didn’t come since he was busy.
他因为忙，所以没有来。
Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afternoon.
因为你下午要去那里所以麻烦你把这本书还给图书馆。
As it is raining, you had better take a taxi.
既然下雨, 你最好坐出租车来。
Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.
人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实。
The days are short, for it is now December.
白天短了，因为现在已是十二月份。
It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
一定是下雨了，因为地面很湿。
The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
天亮了, 因为鸟都叫了。
【考点过关】
用because, since, as, for填空
1. ______ you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
2. _______ you are tired, you had better rest.
3. He seldom goes out now, _______ he is very old.
4. _______ you don't trust him, you should not employ him.
5. He must be ill, ______ he is absent today.
6. It was _______ I missed the early bus that I was late for school.
7. ______ you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
8. He could not have seen me, ______ I was not there.
9. I did it _______ they asked me to do it.
10. _______ it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
11. I went to bed early, _______ I was exhausted.
12. I was worried ________ Mary was late.
【参考答案】
1. Since; 2. As; 3. for; 4. Since; 5. for; 6. because; 7. Since; 8. for; 9. because; 10. As; 11. as; 12. because
●across; through
【教材原句】
What’s more, heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused Landslides, and the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires. (教材P63)
【辨析】
两者都可表示 “穿过”，但侧重点不同。
across指横过，表示动作从一边到另一边，动作沿物体的表面进行。一般作介词，也可作副词。
through指从事物或物体的中间或内部穿过，表示动作在某立体空间中进行的。
温馨提示：如果从马路的一边横穿到另一边，用across; 如果从街道的一头到另一头，则用through
【例句呈现】
There's a way across the fields.
有一条路穿过田地。
We left the road and struck off across the fields.
我们下了公路，穿过旷野往前走。
The map shows the distribution of this species across the world.
地图上标明了这一物种在全世界的分布情况。
The lights changed to red before I could get across.
我还没来得及通过，红灯又亮了。
The general had to get his troops across the river.
将军必须让部队过河。
Growth has not been uniform across the country.
全国各地的发展程度不一。
The bridge was destroyed so we couldn't get across the river.
大桥已经毁坏，我们无法过河了。
They went on a long train journey across India.
他们乘火车作了一次横跨印度的长途旅行。
Go through this gate, and you'll see the house on your left.
你穿过这道大门，就看到左面的房子了。
The track led us through a wood.
我们沿着那条小道穿过了树林。
They drove a tunnel through the solid rock.
他们凿出一条穿过坚固岩石的隧道。
The path goes through a wood before rejoining the main road.
这条小路穿过一片树林后与大路交汇。
The quickest way is through the back lanes behind the bus station.
最近的路是穿过公共汽车站后面的小巷。
He inched his way through the narrow passage.
他一点一点地穿过狭窄的通道。
Children from the flats across the street were playing outside.
街对面公寓楼里的儿童正在户外玩耍。
【考点过关】
用across和through填空
1. They marched silently ______ the streets from one end to the other end.
2, Draw a thick black line _______ the page.
3. Air ducts and electrical cables were threaded _______ the complex structure
4. The bank is just _______ the street.
5. The main path continues ________ a tunnel of trees.
6. He offered to ferry us ________ the river in his boat.
7. These boys pushed their way ________ the crowd of people in order to save time.
8. The lake was frozen, so we walked _______ the ice.
9. It took us hours to walk _______ the forest.
10. At the front door stood a five-year-old boy from _______ the street.
11. The drove ________ a snowstorm yesterday.
12. A smile of understanding flashed ________ Kathy’s face.
13. The sunlight came in ________ the windows in the roofs and lit up the whole room.
【参考答案】
1. through 2. across; 3. through; 4. across; 5. through; 6. across; 7. through; 8. across; 9. through; 10. across; 11. through; 12. across; 13. through
●weather; climate
【教材原句】
Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. (教材P63)
Technology isn’t the only way to forecast the weather. (教材P63)
Unusual animal behavior, for example, can indicate whether it’s cold, wet weather that’s on the way or a hot, dry period. (教材P63)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
【例句呈现】
He was not used to the local climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
For most of the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this region is unwholesome.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult to find work in the present economic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
You'll soon get used to the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will not be possible in the changed economic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Social norm requests that the translation motivation be in accordance with the social climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whole survey is political and social climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's going to be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind to us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather got so bad that we had to turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have observed a ring of volcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
According to the weather forecast, frost is expected tomorrow morning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like on your vacation
2. _______ change of the whole world is still very much a subject for debate.
3. You should go outdoors in such fine _______.
4. The article puts forward a new theory to explain changes in the ___________ of the world.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time of year.
6. We need to create a ________ in which business can prosper.
7. The game was called off because of bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ of political confusion has only reinforced the country's economic decline.
9. It would be dangerous to risk going out in this ________.
10. The religious ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night often indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favors many types of tropical plants.
13. The _______ at the moment is not typical for July.
14. If the _______ in the world changes continue, we will suffer the consequences.
15. Work on the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychological ________, positive psychology advocates that psychology should research positive traits of mankind itself.
17. According to the ________ forecast, there will be a gale tomorrow.
18. To maintain a positive school ________ the community follows these guidelines for student behavior.
19. ________ stations are scattered all over the vast plains and the mountain regions.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●strike/hit; (袭击)attack
【教材原句】
In 1881, an hurricane struck the small Vietnamese city of Haiphong, bringing terrible strong winds. (教材P66)
When it hit the coast, huge tidal waves caused severe flood, costing the lives of up to 300, 000 citizens. (教材P66)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “袭击，攻击”， 但用法表达有一定区别；指“攻击、袭击”时，hit 与strike完全可以互换。
hit/strike 通常指意外的自然灾害的袭击，如，台风，洪水，沙尘暴，飓风，暴风雪，地震，雷电等。
attack通常指有生命的人或物之间的攻击、袭击，如，人与人之间，人与动植物之间，动植物之间等。另外，attack也可表示通过舆论，言语，文字等对人、组织、国家、团体、政策和理论等进行抨击。这些攻击或袭击往往带有一定的目的性。既可以做名词也可以做动词。
温馨提示：强调心脏病的发作或袭击时，只能用attack.
【例句呈现】
He has laid himself wide open to political attack.
他在政治上已经处于极易受到攻击的境地。
Your father is an obvious candidate for a heart attack.
你父亲显然是容易患心脏病的人。
They aimed to make the country safe from terrorist attacks.
他们力图使国家免遭恐怖分子的袭击。
His research work was attacked by animal rights activists.
他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
The white blood cells attack cells infected with an invader.
白细胞攻击受到感染的细胞。
He was walking along the road when he was attacked by a dog.
他正在路边散步，突然遭到了一只狗的袭击。
The man attacked me for no apparent reason.
那个人不知何故攻击我。
The strong wind hit/struck him as he turned the corner.
在街角一拐弯处，狂风就向他袭来。
The chances are a million to one against being struck/hit by lightning.
遭雷击的可能性是微乎其微的。
Spain was one of countries hit/struck hardest by the hurricane.
西班牙是遭受这次飓风打击最严重的国家之一。
【考点过关】
用attack和hit/strike适当形式填空
1. The heavy sandstorm _______ a city in the west, and 50 people were seriously wounded the day before yesterday.
2. The police said the _______ from elephants was an isolated incident.
3. A blast of hot air ________ us as we stepped off the plane.
4. The article was a savage ________ on the government's record.
5. Last year a serious flood ________ the whole country.
6. People who are overweight run a risk of a heart _______ or stroke.
7. After being _______ by another bear, the old man lifted his gun.
8. The country ________ by the earthquake is Japan.
9. The opposition leader _______ the government by writing many articles last year.
10. A snowstorm ________ all the villages in that area last month.
【参考答案】
1. hit/struck; 2. attack; 3. hit/struck; 4. attack; 5. hit/struck; 6. attack; 7. attacked; 8. hit/struck; 9. attacked; 10. hit/struck
●be doing…when…；be about to do…when…= be on the point of doing…when…；had just done…when…
【教材原句】
I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. (教材P68)
【辨析】
三者都有“当….时突然….”的意思，但是有一定区别。
be doing…when…意思是“正在做某事突然发生了另外一件事”。
be about to do…when…= be on the point of doing…when…意思是“就要做某事突然发生了另一件事”。
had just done…when…意思是“刚做完一件事突然发生了另一件事”。
【例句呈现】
He was just about to dive when he saw the shark.
他刚要跳水，突然看见了鲨鱼。
He had just had his meal when a familiar voice came to his ears.
他刚吃完饭，突然听到一个熟悉的声音。
Jim was on the point of telling a funny story when he broke off to answer the telephone.
吉姆正要讲一个可笑的故事，突然停下来接了个电话。
He was on the point of giving up when his mother encouraged him.
他正要放弃时，母亲鼓励了他。
I was about to steal a few pieces of silver when I saw a man from the other side of the street come running into the shop.
我正要偷几块银子，突然看见一个男人从大街的另一边往店里跑来。
We had marched only a little way when we came upon a group of fifty horsemen.
我们刚走没多远就遇上了一个五十人的马队。
We were doing our homework when the light went out.
我们正在做家庭作业，灯突然熄了。
We were rolling along merrily when suddenly we had a burst tyre.
我们正乘车快乐地行进着，突然间轮胎爆了。
They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
他们正看着世界杯比赛,突然灯灭了。
We were drinking beer and trading stories when suddenly my wife came back.
我们正在喝啤酒，互相侃着奇闻轶事，这时候我妻子突然回来了。
The headmaster was about to leave the office when suddenly a boy rushed in.
校长正要离开办公室,这时一个男孩冲了进来。
He was about to give up the question, when suddenly he found the answer.
当他正准备放弃这个问题时,突然找到了解决的答案。
He was talking away about his plans when suddenly the lights went off.
他还在喋喋不休地讲着他的计划，这时灯突然灭了。
One night I was having a good sleep, when suddenly I heard my dog yapping.
一天夜里我正在熟睡，突然听到狗狂吠起来。
We were having a picnic, when suddenly there came a downpour.
当我们正在举行野餐的时候, 忽然大雨倾盆。
We had just reached home when the petrol gave out.
我们刚到家汽油就没了。
【考点过关】
根据be doing…when…；be about to do…when…= be on the point of doing…when…；had just done…when…用法填空。
1. He had just sat down to think about what to do next ______ suddenly the cat began to speak!
2. They were on the point ______ driving down a country road when suddenly the bus ran off the road and crashed into an old farmer's barn.
3. He had just left when I arrived.
4. The remaining men were about _______ (leave) when suddenly a young man rushed into the house, almost too excited to speak.
5. I was lying awake on my bed ______ suddenly Sarah came inside and started screaming.
6. We were about to talk _______ he suddenly took his jacket and run away.
7. He was enjoying a bag of peanuts ______ he suddenly became short of breath.
8. The whole family was about ______ (have) a happy reunion on the eve of the Spring Festival when the power suddenly went off.
9. We had just fallen asleep ______ the telephone rang.
10. We were about _______ (get) on the train when the explosion occurred.
11. He was ______ the point of describing a rather terrifying experience when there was a loud crash from the bedroom above.
12. She had just finished dressing ______ her guests came in.
【参考答案】
1. when; 2. of; 3. to leave; 4. when; 5. when; 6. when; 7. when; 8. to have; 9. when; 10. to get; 11. on; 12. when
●remember doing sth. ; remember to do sth.
【教材原句】
I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. (教材P69)
【辨析】
两者意义完全不同。
remember doing sth. 表示““记得已经做过某事”。
remember to do sth. 表示“记住将要做某事”。
【例句呈现】
Remember to do so because you want to and not because you have to.
要记住确保这些都是你自己想做的，而非不得不做的。
I remembered tuning off the lights when I left the room.
我记得我关灯了,当我离开房间的时候.(灯已经关了)
But remember to do your homework before stepping into the conference hall, or you will feel like a rudderless boat in mid-sea.
但是要记得在走进会议大厅之前做好准备工作，否则你会感到就像在大海中间的一艘无舵的小船。
Cut this cake in half and give one of the pieces to your sister, but remember to do it like a gentleman.
把蛋糕切成两半，给你妹妹一份，不过，你得记住要做得像一个绅士那样。
I can't remember doing it so I can't deny it.
我不记得我有没有做过这样的事，所以我不能否认。
You can also set a due date for the tasks to make sure you'll remember to do them on time.
你还可以设定一个适当的日期为任务，以确保你会永远记得按时去做。
I don't even remember doing it!
我自己都不记的我干过！
I can remember doing some really, really spectacular doodles.
我记得曾经画出真的很棒的涂鸦。
I can't remember doing it so I can't deny it.
我不记得我有没有做过这样的事，所以我不能否认。
Don't you remember seeing the man before
你不记得以前见过那个人吗
【考点过关】
根据remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.的用法填空
1. I don't remember ______ (say) anything to get you so mad at me.
2. Where ever you are, whatever you are doing, if you haven't said Happy Mother's Day to your mom yet, remember ______ (do) so.
3. I remember ________ (do) something on a regular basis that hardly anyone does any more.
4. Remember _______ (let) the cat out when you leave.
5. I remember _______ (turn) off the light, why are they on now
6. But remember ______ (carry) out some stretches first before you start to take some exercise.
7. I remember ______ (hand) in my homework，but it still in my school bag.
8. Remember ______ (do) this for your parents tomorrow.
9. Don't you remember _______ (tell) me the story yesterday
10. Before you take that call or go to the in-person meeting, remember ______ (make ) some preparations.
11. I hope you will remember _______ (do) something that makes you happy, try to find a way to serve,
【参考答案】
1. saying; 2. to do; 3. doing; 4. to let; 5. turning; 6. to carry; 7. handing; 8. to do; 9. telling; 10. make; 11. to do
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