外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit6 Disaster and hope 单元考点突破 学案（有答案）

名师原创：Unit6 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. effort n．努力；精力；努力；尽力
【原句再现】
Develop environmental awareness and make efforts to protect Earth.
【词块积累】
put one’s effort into sth/doing sth.. 把精力投入到某事/做某事中
make efforts/every effort/an effort to do sth. 尽力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
【精品例句】
She put her time and effort into her business, and into helping others.
他把时间和精力投入到生意中，投入到帮助他人中
Visit the museum when you’re here. It’s well worth the effort.
你到了那里要参观一下博物馆，那很值得一看
With (an) effort she managed to stop herself laughing. 她好不容易才止住笑
As we all know, without efforts nothing can be achieved.
众所周知，不努力则一事无成
Tom has gone on a diet in an effort to lose some weight. 为了减肥，汤姆已开始节食
What’s the point of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself
如果他自己不努力，那么帮他有什么用呢？
【高考链接】
Hospitals should make every effort _____ (treat) the sick. (山东卷) (to treat)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Let’s start fight now and spare ______ effort to do a little bit every minute! (no)
2. sudden adj. 突然的；意外的
【原句再现】
All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been.
【词块积累】
suddenly adv. 突然地，意外地
a sudden decision/increase 突然的决定/增长
a sudden turn in/on the road 路上的急转弯
all of sudden = all on a sudden=on a sudden=on the sudden突然，冷不防
a sudden attack 一次突袭
sudden death 突然死亡
【精品例句】
They were watching TV when all of a sudden the power went out.
他们正在看电视，突然停电了
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly.
就在我们要离开时，突然下起了大雨
He was sudden in his action. 他的行为出人意料
Suddenly he was shot by an arrow. 突然，他被一支箭射中
【高考链接】
All ____ a sudden, he was pushed forward. ( 陕西卷) (on)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These people in the street shouted ______ (sudden). (suddenly)
3. head for朝…方向走
【原句再现】
It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.
【词块积累】
head n. 头；最前面的部分；首脑，领导；头脑，才智 v. 出发； 动身；率领；位居…的首位:
headache头痛;令人头痛的人/事
Headline (报纸的) 标题
the headline新闻提要
the head of a page页眉
headmaster (中小学) 校长
head teacher (中小学)班主任
have get a headache 头疼
hold one’s head up振作起来，勇敢起来，坚强起来
hold one’s head high 趾高气扬，昂首
head the team / list带领团队/名列榜首
【精品例句】
Grammar is a headache for me.语法让我头疼
Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Don’t hold your head too high.不要太趾高气扬。
After the game, the fans headed for the exit.比赛线束后，球迷们朝出口走去。
【高考链接】
Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and _______ (head) out onto the streets. (湖北卷)
(headed)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
一个苹果从树上掉下来砸在了他的头上
(An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head)
在英国，国家元首是国王或女王。
(In the United Kingdom, the head of state is a king or queen.)
4. result n. 结果，成果，成绩；vi. 发生，导致
【原句再现】
Winter storms brought as much as 7.9 metres of snow in the south of the country, resulting in the deaths of about 4,000 people.
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
5. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
【原句再现】
But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe, Mom’s words made us feel better.
【词块积累】
reminder n. 令人回忆的事物; 提醒者; 提醒物
remind sb. about/of…提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb+ that/wh-从句
【精品例句】
Remind you, Jane. Take care. My wife got her purse picked at the station once.
提醒你一下，简，要当心。我妻子的钱包曾在火车站被偷过，
I forgot to remind him about / of the time for the interview我忘了提醒他面试的时间。
Do something you're good at. Remind yourself how good you are al so many things.
做点你擅长的事, 要提醒自己你是多么的多才多艺。
He placed the brochure on his desk as a reminder. 他把手册放在桌上作为提醒 (山东卷)
Let me remind you once again so that you won't forget.我再说一遍，省得你忘了。
Please remind him to start early.请提醒他早点动身。
The pictures reminded me of my school days.这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明早有个重要的会议。
【高考链接】
In our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. (陕西卷)
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped (B)
The photo will remind me ____ the days when we were together. ( 山东卷) (of)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们坚起一块牌子提醒人们保护树木(北京卷)
(We put up a board to remind people to protect the trees.)
我提醒自己，妈妈能做的我也能做 (天津卷)
(I reminded myself that what my mother could do, I could, too.)
6. react to…对….做出反应
【原句再现】
How did people there react to the disaster
【词块积累】
react vi (作出) 反应；产生不良反应；反应
reaction n反应; 作用
react on/upon…对……有影响
react with…与……产生化学反应
react against…反对；反抗
sb's first / immediate reaction某人的第一反应
the reaction of metals with oxygen金属和氧的反应
nuclear reaction 核反应
【精品例句】
Quite a lot of children react badly to antibiotics. 很多儿童对抗生素有不良反应
It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water: 它向我们展示了铁是如何与空气和水起反应的
Dogs react to human kindness. 狗会汇报人类对它的爱护
Hydrogen reacts with oxygen. 氢与氧结合其化学反应
The public reacted strongly to the news that someone treated his parents badly.
公众对有人不善待父母的新闻反应强烈。
How did the coach react to the news of the failure？
教练听到这个失败消息时有何反应？
How do the students react to the decision of reducing the days of the holiday
学生们对减少假期的天数的决定怎么回应？
【高考链接】
How did the students react ______ the monitor’s suggestion (湖北卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
What was his _______ (react) to it (reaction)
7. pick up 拾起，拿起
【原句再现】
Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station，I see the title“Hot！Hot！Hot!”．
【词块积累】
pick out　挑选出；了解；领会
pick on挑选；选中；批评
pick and choose挑三拣四，仔细挑选
【精品例句】
The boy picked up many English words at the age of three.
这个男孩在两岁时不知不觉学会了很多英文单词
The old man fell down and picked up.
这位老人跌倒了，自己爬了起来
He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.
他抱起孩子让她骑在自己的肩膀上。
The children picked up many sea shells at the sea shore.
孩子们在海边捡到了许多贝壳。
He was so kind to help the old man to pick up his book.
他很善良帮助那个老人拾起了他的书。
【高考链接】
I have picked ______ the bad tomatoes from the basket. (辽宁卷) (out)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Be sure to pick me ____ at the gate of our school after class. (up)
8. expect vt. 等待，期待；预料，预计；期望，指望料想，认为
【原句再现】
Today，the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees!
【词块积累】
expect v．　期望；预料；要求；认为(某事)会发生
expectation n. 期待；预期；前程
expected adj. 预计要发生的，期待中的
be expected to有望做某事，被期待做某事
expect a letter/phone call 等信/电话
expect sb/sth to do sth. 期待某人/某物做某事；料定某人/某物做某事
expect + 从句 预计…
be expecting a baby/child 怀孕
【精品例句】
Are you expecting visitors 你在等客人吗？
I didn’t expect him to stay so long. 我没料到他会待那么久
We expect that the meeting will finish at about 5 o’clock.
我们预计会议将在五点结束
The rare disease is expected to be cured in a short period of time.
这种罕见的疾病预计能在短时间内治愈。
All the students are expected to participate in the activity actively.
期待所有的学生能积极参加这项活动。
This book is expected to sell 1，500 copies this month.
这本书本月预计要卖到1 500本。
【高考链接】
The plan goes much as _______ (expect). (广东卷) (expected)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
If you _________ (expect) a baby, your smoking habit might cause problems for it. (are expecting)
The result was out of his _________ (expect). Harry looked at the medal in surprise without saying a word. (expectation)
9. compare to 与……相比，和……比起来
【原句再现】
This，however，is nothing compared to the train.
【词块积累】
comparison n. 比较；比拟
compare A with/to B.　把A同B作比较
compare A to B. 把A比作B
compare A and B 对比A和B
beyond/without compare. 无与伦比的，不可比的
compare notes with sb. 与某人交换意见
make a comparison between sb./sth. 对某人/某物进行比较
【精品例句】
We often made decisions by comparing information.
我们经常通过对比信息来做决定
Compare this to that, and you’ll see which is better.
把这个和那个对比，你能看出哪个更好
By/In comparison with last year, the price of beef has increased.
与去年相比，牛肉的价格上涨了
She is tall，compared to most of her classmates.
与她大多数同学相比，她算很高了。
Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.
电影的历史相对较短，尤其是和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比。
Compared to cars，bicycles cause no environmental problems.
与汽车相比，自行车不会造成环境问题。
【高考链接】
Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting. (全国课改卷) (compared)
Worst of all, I get a larger quantity of home work, ________ (compare). (福建卷) (compared)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Nothing can compare _____ mother’s love. (with)
10. make it 及时赶到；成功/做成；能参加
【原句再现】
I hope I can make it to Bank station...I’ll avoid the feeling by thinking about work.
【词块积累】
make it＋时间　定为某个时间
make it through...挺过……，熬过……
make it a rule 定为规则；养成一种习惯
【精品例句】
Work hard, and you’ll make it finally. 努力吧，你最后会成功的
Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
萨拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机
I don't have enough money to make it through the week.
我的钱不足以撑过这个星期
The train won't leave for another ten minutes，so I think we can make it.
离发车还有10分钟，我想我们能赶得上
【高考链接】
Let's make ______8：00 a.m. if you want to go to the park with me for a long walk. (湖南课改卷) (it)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We make _____ a rule to help the old man after school every day. (it)
11. immediately adv.即刻 马上；conj. 一… 就….
【原句再现】
I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
【词块积累】
immediately conj. = the moment=the instant=as soon as　 一……就
immediate adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的
【精品例句】
I’m sure that your letter will get immediate attention.
我相信你的信马上慧得到关注
The medicine has an immediate effect. 药效立竿见影
Many species of parrots are in immediate danger of dying out.
许多种类的鹦鹉濒临灭绝的危险
I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
我立即跳上自行车往家赶
We immediately climbed onto the table and，for the next four hours，waited for those snakes to leave our camp.
我们立即跳上了桌子，接下来四个小时，等着那些蛇离开我们的帐篷
I'll appreciate it if you can give us an answer immediately.
如果您能给我立即回复我将不胜感激
When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately.
面对棘手问题，大多数人不能立刻给出答案
I left immediately the clock struck 12. 十二点的钟声一响我就离开了
【高考链接】
If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _____ reaction will be to tell the police. (湖北卷)
A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
These teachers and students went to the disaster areas ______ (immediate) to help the children there. (immediately)
12. occur v．发生，出现；想起
【原句再现】
Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.
【词块积累】
occurrence n. 发生的事儿；发生；出现
everyday occurrences 日常发生的事儿
sth.occurs to sb.　某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……;被想起
It occurs to sb.that...某人想到……
It occurs to sb.to do sth...某人想到……
【精品例句】
It occurred to her to phone the police. 她想到了报警
It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要会议
Almost all of tornadoes occur in the US，in the area from Texas to South Dakota.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国德克萨斯州到南达科塔州一带地区
The serious traffic accident occurred yesterday morning and three people were confirmed to be dead.
那场严重的交通事故发生在昨天上午，三人被确认死亡
We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance.
我们都应该记住一些伟大的科学发现都是偶然发生的
【高考链接】
It never occurred to him ________ (ask) anyone for helping him with English. (江西卷) (to ask)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A perfect idea occurred _____ us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for Teachers' Day. (to)
13. after all 毕竟，终究
【原句再现】
After all，it's only 30 degrees outside.
【词块积累】
in all　总计，总共
above all 首先；最重要的是
first of all 首先
all in all 总的来说
【精品例句】
You shouldn't do that. After all，he is only two years old.
你不应该那样做。毕竟，他才六岁
After two years of hard practice，I passed the driving exam after all.
经过两年的辛苦练习，我终于通过了考试。
Let him go to school by himself. After all，he is ten years old.
让他自己去上学，毕竟他十岁了。
【高考链接】
Never waste anything，but above all never waste time. (湖南卷) (above)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There were a hundred people ______ all． (in)
14. keep(kept, kept) vt& vi(使) 保持; vt.留着; 遵守; 保守; vt. 记录; 记(日记等); vt.保留; 保管; 存放; vt. 供养; 饲养; 经营
【原句再现】
But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.
【词块积累】
keep (sb /sth) + adj / adv / prep 使某人/某物保持….
keep (sb /sth) doing sth. 使某人/某物一直…
keep a secret one's promise保守秘密/遵守诺言
keep a diary写日记
keep (on) doing sth持续做某事;反复做某事:
keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人某物做某事
keep off 避开;(使)不接近
keep on继续下去
kee.. out (of)遮挡;使 ..不进入:
keep to遵守;坚持
keep up保持;继续:
keep up with跟上:
keeper n.看守者; (动物园等的)管理员; (商店、客栈等的) 经营人
keep a grocery store开杂货店
keep gong尽力维持下去; 坚持(活)下去;
【精品例句】
The notice said “Keep off the grass". 牌子上写着 “请勿践踏草地”
I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long. 对不起, 让你久等了
Keep the passport in a safe place. 把护照放在安全的地方
She pretended not to hear, and kept on walking 假装没听见，继续往前走
We must keep them from getting to know our plans. 一定不要让他们知道我们的计划
That woman’s been through such a lot - I don’t know how she keeps going.
那个女人经历了这么磨难--我不知道她是怎么挺过来的
We had to think of a way to keep off the rain. 我得想个办法避雨
They lit a fire to keep off wild animals. 他们点燃筹火以防止野兽接近
The rain kept on for several days.雨一连下了好几天
Please keep the dog out of the study. 別让这只狗进书房
I'm sorry but we have to keep to the timetable. 抱歉，但我们一定要遵守时间安排
Whatever your argument, I shall keep to my decision.
不管你怎么争辩，我都将坚持自己的决定。
Keep up your courage! 鼓起勇气!
I had to walk fast to keep up with him.我要快走才能跟上他
【高考链接】
1.-- I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day --Oh great! Keep it ____.
(安徽课改卷) (up)
2. They use computers to keep the traffic _____ (run) smoothly. (全国课改卷) (running)
3.--Mummy. Can I put the peaches in the cupboard
--No, dear. They don't ______ well. Put them in the fridge instead.
A. keep B. fit C. get D. last (A)
4. Would you slow down a bit, please I can't keep up _____ you. (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
1. The best way _________ (keep) fit is to get plenty of exercise by doing sports. (福建卷)
(to keep/of keeping)
2. We should keep the earth ______ (health) while using its supply of natural resources. (广东卷) (healthy)
3. ______ (keep) pets means giving love and being loved. (陕西卷) (Keeping)
●本单元其它要点简析
15. look through… 浏览
Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. (教材)
I looked through the database and found the information I needed.
16. have yet to do…还没有做…
Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.(教材)
The group has yet to find a replacement for the director who left in September.
●句式点拨
1. It is typical that 从句 一贯如此；做某事是典型的
【原句再现】
It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest.
(教材)
句式分析：该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that主语从句
【词块积累】
※ It＋be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important...)＋that从句
※ It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honor，an idea，no wonder...)＋that从句
※ It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
【精品例句】　
It is typical that what teachers teach is what exams test.
典型的就是老师教什么考试考什么
It is typical that he will take a nap after lunch every day.
他一贯的做法是每天午饭后小睡一会儿
It is typical that he forgets to bring a present when attending a birthday party.
来参加生日宴会忘记带礼物来正是他的特点
It is obvious that without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today. 很明显, 没有整个社会的帮助，就没有这所新学校的
this is a good chance for you to have a good knowledge of traditional Chinese culture.
对你来说，这是一个了解中国传统文化的好机会，这是真实的
【高考链接】
It is generally _______ (general) believed that communication skills are becoming what it takes to be a good doctor. (陕西卷) (generally)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It's______ pity that you've missed such a good chance. (a)
2. now that 引导原因状语从句
【原句再现】
Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
句式分析：now that 引导的原因状语从句
【词块积累】
其它原因状语从句引导词：
※ because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”
※ since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”
※ as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引导的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”
【精品例句】
Now that everyone is here，let's begin today's meeting.
既然大家都到了， 我们开始今天的会议
Now that you have got the result，let me tell you what caused it.
既然你知道结果了，我来告诉你是什么造成的
Now that the dinner is ready，go and wash your hands!
既然晚饭准备好了，去洗洗手吧！
I draw a picture everyday because I like it．我每天画画，因为我喜欢
Since it is so hot，let's go swimming. 既然天这么热，咱们去游泳吧
【高考链接】
____ that you feel uncomfortable，you'd better not drive to do business. (陕西卷) (Now)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_____ that it is raining heavily, please stay here longer. (Now)
●省略（见语法课件）
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