外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 Laugh out loud!单元重难点精讲学案（无答案）

Unit1 单元重难点精讲
Unit 1 laugh out loud
一. 重要词汇
1. amusement n.
amuse v.
amused adj.
amusing adj.
to one’s amusement让某人感到好笑的是
with amusement津津有味地
be amused to do sth. 做某事感到好笑
2. apologise v. 道歉
apologize to sb. for sth.
apology n.
make an apology to sb. for sth.
3. approach v.靠近走进
n. 方法路径 接近
approach to doing 做…的方法
4. anxious adj.焦虑的
be anxious about 对…焦虑担心
be anxious for 渴望某事
be anxious to do 渴望去做某事
anxiety n. 焦虑 担心渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
5.entertain v.使快乐，招待
entertain sb. with sth ./by doing sth.
entertain sb. to 用某物招待某人
entertain oneself 自娱自乐
entertaining adj. 使人愉快的
entertainment n.
entertainment n.
二. 重要短语
1.
look through浏览；快速查看
look after照看
look back on/upon回顾
look into调查
look up to尊敬；仰视
look into 调查
look out 小心当心
2.
cheer up
cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来
cheer for 为…而欢呼
cheerful adj. 高兴的愉快的
cheering n..欢呼 喝彩 adj. 令人振奋的
3.
more often than not大部分时候
more than超过；不仅仅是；非常
no more than仅仅
not more than不多于……
4.
do the trick奏效；达到预期效果
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
5.
concentrate on /upon
concentrate one’s mind/efforts/energy/attention on
7.
in turn转而，反过来；依次
in return作为回报
turn around转身；好转
turn down调小；拒绝
turn into变成
turn off关闭
turn out证明；结果是
in turn 依次轮流
in return作为回报
in effect 有效地
in order 按顺序
in danger 处于危险中
in reality /fact 事实上
in advance 提前
6.
take off脱下，摘下；起飞；休假；开始走红
take apart拆开
take down记下
take in吸收；理解；欺骗
take on呈现；接收
take over接管
7.
after all毕竟，终究，不管怎么说
all in all总而言之
in all总共；共计
at all根本；全然(常用于否定句、条件句中加强语气)
not at all 一点也不
above all首先；最重要的是
first of all首先
8.
in need of需要
常见的“in ＋n.＋ of”短语还有：
in case of万一
in place of代替
in spite of尽管
in advance of在……前面
in charge of主管……
9.
make sense 有意义 有道理讲得通
make no sense 没意义 没道理讲不通
make sense of 弄明白…
10.
put up 举起张贴建起提高
putdown 放下记下长牙
put out 扑灭 公布
put on 上演 穿上
put off 推迟 延期
put away 收起 攒钱
put aside 存储 忽视
put forward 提出 提议
put up with容忍忍受
三.经典句式
1.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
2.I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
3.Although it’s doctors and nurses who will treat her injury，it’s my job to make her feel better.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
4.Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
5. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
6.While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle.，I get her attention by doing a magic trick.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
7.Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter as I “magically” produce her sock from out of my pocket.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
8.While there might be more hospital visits ahead for Lara and others，I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 Using language & Developing ideas
1.
advertise v. advertise for 登广告招聘…
advertisement n. put on advertisement 登广告
2.
employer n.
employ v.
employee n.
3.
essential
it is essential for sb. to do sth.
It is essential that …
4.
impress v.
impress sb. with sth.
impress sth. on sb.
be impressed by /with/at 对…印象深刻
impression n.
make/give/ leave an impression on
have/get a good impression of...对……有一个好印象
impressive adj.
5.
deserve v.应得，应受到
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
deserve doing/deserve to be done ……值得被做
deserved adj.应得的
deserving adj.值得帮助的
6.
interaction n.交流；互动
interaction with...和……的互动
interact vi.相互交流；相互影响
interact with...与……交流/相互作用
7.
spot v. vt.发现，认出；点缀
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with...满是……的斑点
spot n.斑点污点地点处所
on the spot =on she scene 当场 当下
a historical spot 一个历史古迹
put sb. on the spot使某人难堪
8.
whisper v.悄声说，低语 n.低语；耳语
whisper to sb. 与某人耳语
It is/was whispered that...据秘密传闻……
in a whisper＝in whispers耳语地，低声地
9.
cruel adj.
cruelty n.
10.
conclude v.
conclude …with …
conclude sth. from sth.….
conclusion n.
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion 总之 最后
make a conclusion下结论
jump to a conclusion草率下结论
11.
sensitive adj. 敏感的易受伤害的 灵敏的
be sensitive to 对 ..敏感
sensible adj. 明智的，意识到的
12.
combine v. 结合，联合
combine sth. with sth.把…与 …结合起来
be combined with 与…结合
combination n. a combination with 一种…的结合物
13.
response n.反应回答回复
in response to 作为对…的回复/反应
make a response to 对…做出反应
respond v. 回答相应
respond to 回答…
14.
argue v.
argue with sb. on/about/over sth.
argue for /against
argue sb. into /out of doing 说服某人做/不做
argument n.
15.
Intend v.
intend to do
intend sb. to do
be intended for 旨在，为..打算
intention n.
16.
involve v. 包含涉及加入
involve doing sth. 包含做某事
involve sb. in doing sth. 使某人参与做…
involved adj. 有关联的
be involved in 被卷入，参加，与…有关
二.重要短语
1.tell off斥责，责骂
tell a lie/lies说谎
to tell (you) the truth说实话
tell against sb. 对……不利
tell on sb. 告发某人
2.fall behind没能按时完成(工作)；落在后面
fall apart散架；瓦解
fall down跌倒；倒塌
fall off从……掉下
fall over被……绊倒；倒下
3.. long face 愁眉苦脸
4. laughing stock 笑料，笑柄
5. crack a smile 笑了起来
6. brand of humour 某种类型的幽默
7. put sb. on the spot (故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪
8. tell off 斥责，责骂
9. fall behind 不能按时完成(工作)
10. take away 拿走
11. make sense 讲得通，有意义
12. put up 搭起；张贴
13. look up 向上看
14. in particular 尤其，特别
15. due to 因为
16. throw light on 使……明白
17. cross out 删掉
18. keep up 保持；继续
经典句式
1. Once，having been intived to dinner at a university，he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
2.All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
3. “What did you say to my animals？” said the emperor，astonished .
[自主翻译]　_________________________________________________________________________________
Unit1. Grammer ------attributive clause
1.I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
2.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
3.I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
4.Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful.
非限制性定语从句是对主句中的先行词起 作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用 隔开。句1中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文的 ；句2中用了“ ”引导非限制性定语从句；句3中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰上文的
；句4中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代 。
非限制性定语从句
与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。
1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom或whose；指物时用which或whose。
This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you.
My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.
2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.
He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点：
(1)引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
(2)非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常不翻译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。
I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.
The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.
(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.
This is the man，whom we talked about just now.
(4)在限制性定语从句中，关系词指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。
He is the very person (whom/who/that) we referred to.
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
4.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：
(1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句修饰整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中，有“像……一样，正如，正像”的意思。
As we all know，he studies very hard.(as作宾语)
As is known to all，he is the tallest student in our class.(as作主语)
Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)
(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house)
定语从句综合练习
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
2. Opposite is St. Paul's Church, _ __you can hear some lovely music.
3. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of__ __ were published in the 1990s.
4. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
5. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____his employees enjoy their work.
6. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
8. China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
9. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
10.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
11. The exact year_____ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
12. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_______my classmates recommended to me.
13.Students should involve themselves in community activities ____they can gain experience for growth.
14. I am looking forward to the day ____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
15. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _______ a good impression is a must.
16. Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
17. A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
18. Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
19. Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
20. We'll reach the sales targets in a month ___ we set at the beginning of the year.
定语从句与其他句型区别
一、定语从句与强调句
It was in this room (that he visited last week) that she was killed.
做题技巧：将It be和空缺处全部去掉，如果句子仍然成立，则此句为强调句，可以选that/who。
1、It was Beijing ___ I met him last year. 2、It was in Beijing ___ I met him last year.
二、定语从句与同位语从句
1、The news that he was made our monitor was true.
2、The news ( that he told you ) was true.
做题技巧： 如果空白处后面的那句话是对前面那个名词的内容进行说明，则此句话常常为同位语从句；否则常常是定语从句。
三、定语从句与whoever/whomever从句
做题技巧：1、 whoever=anyone who, whomever=anyone whom。
2、是选whoever还是whomever关键在于看后面的句中缺主语还是宾语，缺主语选缺whoever宾语常选whomever
1、I will give the book to whoever I find loves me best.
2、I will give the book to whomever I love best.
四、what①可以充当两个成分，做主语、宾语或表语，即先行词和关系代词，= the + 先行词 + that, ②常常译成“．．．的”，并且_______前没有名词，相当于汉语的“的”字结构。
What he said was right.=The thing that he said was right.
He is no longer what he was.=He is no longer the person that he was.
五、where可以等于(to/in…) the place where
We should go where we are needed badly. Put the book where it was.
总结：1、定语从句关键看是否缺成分以及缺什么成分
2、别的从句根据意思来做题，不缺意思不缺成分选that
1、Mo Yan, most of ________ novels have been adapted for films, is now a world-famous writer.
2、David Beckham is retiring from soccer, ending a career ________ he loves best.
3、The reason ________ we succeed was ________ we had a group with a strong spirit of innovation and teamwork.
4、The classroom is crowded with children ________ have poor eyesight.
5、She wrote six plays, none of ________ was published.
6、This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere ________ many others are short of.
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