外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards Starting out and Using language课件(共43张PPT)

(共43张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新外研
单元：选择性必修一 Unit 2 (Starting out — Using language)
本单元词汇梳理
1. debt 词块：fall / get / go / run into debt; in debt; out of debt; pay off one’s debts
2. pace 近义词：step, speed
词块：pace of life; at one’s own pace; keep pace (with sb / sth)
3. inform 词根词缀：in- (into- 进入) + form (to shape 形成) → 使进入内心形成看法 → 使了解 → 通知 (正式用语)
派生词：information
词块：inform sb about / of sth, inform sb that …
4. dread 词块：dread doing sth
5. rarely 构词法：rare + -ly
近义词：seldom；反义词：frequently / often
6. overnight over- (越过) + night (夜晚)
7. rejection reject + -ion
reject：re- (向后、往回) + -ject (扔) → 往回扔 → 拒绝
8. nevertheless 正式用语
9. persevere 词块：persevere with; persevere in (doing) sth
派生词：perseverance
10. criticism 构词法：critic (批评家) + -ism (抽象名词后缀)
反义词：praise
11. manuscript 词根词缀：manu- (手) + -script (写) → 手写 → 手稿
12. classic classic 来自class (阶级)，特指古罗马有能力组织军队和响应军事号召的阶级 → 一等阶级、最高级，或经典、一流
词块：classics of English literature, a classic mistake / example；同族词：class, classic, classical
13. guarantee 词块：guarantee that; guarantee to do sth
14. delighted delight + -ed
词块：(be) delighted at / by / with sth; (be) delighted to do sth; (be) delighted (that)
注：不能用very修饰delighted
15. outcome 构词法：out (向外) + come (出来) → 结果
近义词：result
16. worthwhile 构词法：worth + while
词块：a worthwhile cause, it’s worthwhile doing / to do sth
17. enthusiastic 同族词：enthusiasm, enthusiast, enthusiastic, enthusiastically
词块：be enthusiastic about
18. contest 词根词缀：con- (with, together 一起) + test (测试) → 一起来测试 → 比赛
注意名词和动词发音不同
19. upset 构词法：up (adv) + set (v)
v 一词多义，基本义“打翻”
adj 英语释义：worried and unhappy
词块：be upset about / at / by / over sth, be upset to do sth
20. elect 词根词缀：e- (out 出) + lect (gather, choose 选择) → 选出 → 选举
同根词：select, collect
词块：elect sb to / (as) sth, elect to do sth
派生词：election (a general election)
inform
重难点词精讲
一词多义
upset
一词多义
英语释义
guarantee
英语释义
正式用语与非正式用语
elect
英语释义
pace
debt
熟词生义
搭配义
前缀over-
频度副词
习语idoms
debt
heavily in debt
债台高筑
债务自由
debt
n [C] & [U] 债务；欠债；人情债：
They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debts. 2011 山东
fall / get / go / run into debt 借债；负债：
It’s much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt.
in debt (to sb) 欠（某人）债；受（某人）恩惠：
Nearly half the college students said they were in (serious) debt.
I’m in debt to him for his help.
out of debt 不欠债
pay off one’s debts 还清债务
pace
“生活节奏”用英文如何表达？
pace of life
pace
■ n
[C] 一步 (step)：
Walk / Take ten paces forward.
[U]［常用单数］速度；进度：
He walked at a fast pace.
Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests.
pace of life
keep pace (with sb / sth)（与某人 / 事物）并驾齐驱；步调一致
■ vi & vt 踱步
inform
从A、B选项中选出正确的答案，体会两者的差异。
1. Can you kindly _______ me where the supermarket is
2. We are very sorry to _______ you that your flight has been delayed.
A. tell B. inform
二者是正式用语和非正式用语的区别。
inform是正式用语，一般用于正式的、文字性或广播性的公告，而tell则是日常用语。
A
B
[正式用语] 通知；告诉 to tell sb about sth, especially in an official way：
① inform sb about / of sth:
Bees fly in circles to inform their partners about / of food or danger.
② inform sb + (that) / wh- 从句：
We would like to inform all passengers that the restaurant car is now open.
inform词源解读：
in- (into- 进入) + form (to shape 形成) → 使进入内心形成看法 → 使了解 → 通知
inform vt
词根 form
form （shape 形状） uni-: 一 (one) uniform
-al: ……的 (of) formal
词根 词缀 单词 派生词
form （to form 形成） per- : 彻底地 (thoroughly) perform performance
in-: 入 (into) inform
trans-: 到另一方 (across) transform transformation
re-: 再 (again) reform
-ation (名词后缀) formation
-er former
guarantee
看图猜词：
打开购物网站时，琳琅满目而分类细致的商品就会呈现在我们面前。购物时，是否注意到了商品上的这些标注呢？它们是什么意思呢？
guarantee和warrant都是保证的意思。
warrant侧重保证退换；
guarantee侧重对产品质量的保证。
n [C]
保证 a firm promise that sth will be done or that sth will happen：
give a guarantee of good behavior
Wealth is no guarantee of happiness.
保修单；质量保证书：
They offer a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods.
guarantee
vt
保证；确保；担保：
Talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success.
① guarantee + (that) 从句：
Consistent, hard work will guarantee that you will become good at whatever it is. 2013 广东改
② guarantee to do sth:
We guarantee to behave ourselves tomorrow.
提供保修单：
If you have the watch cleaned here, we can guarantee it for an additional three months. 2009 天津
guarantee 语义网络图
会做某事或使某事发生的“保证”
保证
产品质量的“保证”
保修单；质量保证书
保证
基本义
guarantee
保证；确保；担保
提供保修单
n
v
2016年很火的一个段子：友谊的小船说翻就翻。你知道船翻了如何表达吗？
The boat was upset.
图中小船被打翻也正好诠释了upset的基本义——打翻。
upset
词源
upset (v.)
“to set up, fix,” from up (adv.) + set (v.)
up
set
upset源于set up （建立）。set up和upset有什么关系呢？
upset (upset, upset) vt
弄翻；打翻：
upset a bowl of soup
The life boat was upset by the waves.
打乱；搅乱（计划、安排等）：
He arrived an hour late and upset our plan.
使生气；使心烦意乱 to make sb worry or feel unhappy：
This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.
使（肠胃）不适:
upset adj
（肠胃）不适的：
an upset stomach
[不用于名词前] 心烦意乱的；难过的 worried and unhappy：
Then the friend moved away and the writer was extremely upset.
【词汇拓展】
upsetting adj 令人心烦意乱的
分词形容词
① (be) upset to do sth:
She was very upset to hear that the holiday had been cancelled.
② (be) upset + that 从句：
Anne’s sister Margot was very upset that the family had to move.
③ (be) upset about / at / by / over sth:
My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it.
④ be upset with sb:
You’re not still upset with me, are you
词块
upset 语义网络图
打翻
upset
基本义
打翻物体
打翻计划
打翻心情
使生气；使心烦意乱
打乱；搅乱（计划、安排等）
弄翻；打翻
打翻胃
使（肠胃）不适
(肠胃) 不适的
心烦意乱的；难过的
具体
抽象
人
v
adj
由“小品词 + 动词”构成的合成词
up + set → upset v
out + come → outcome n
in + put → input v & n
out + put → output v & n
in + take → intake n
in + come → income n
out + look → outlook n
使心烦
结果
输入
产量
摄入量
收入
观点
elect
2021年1月6日，美国国会举行联席会议，确认美国总统大选结果。1月7日凌晨，美国国会确认民主党人乔·拜登赢得306张选举人票，在总统选举中获胜。
The US Congress certified Democrat Joe Biden’s presidential election victory with 306 Electoral College votes.
elect vt
［常用于被动语态］选举；推选 to choose sb for an official position by voting：
① elect sb to sth:
I’ll never forget being elected to the student council.
② elect sb (as) sth:
They elected Smith (as) mayor.
［正式用语］选择；决定 to choose to do sth:
elect to do sth:
He has elected to become a doctor.
election n [C] & [U] 选举；推选：
a general election
e- (out 出) + lect (gather, choose 选择) → 选出 → 选举
同根词：select, collect
elect 词源解读
频度副词rarely, frequently等
never
hardly (scarcely formal)
rarely (seldom formal)
always
usually (normally formal)
often (frequently formal)
occasionally
（adv 偶尔）
sometimes
反义词
反义词
反义词
前缀over-
写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义，体会前缀 over- 的含义。
1. The wind will get stronger overnight, bringing a fresh bright morning, clear skies, and hot sunny day all over.（2010 北京） _______________
2. You should wear an overcoat in such a cold day. _______________
3. The house was small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake.（2015 天津改）
_______________
4. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family will win an overseas tour for free.（2016 江苏） _______________
在夜间
大衣 / 外套
俯瞰
国外的
5. Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.（2017 江苏） _______________
6. Researchers observed how overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied crosscountry than when they played sports.（2014 陕西改）
_______________
7. It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. _______________
前缀 over- 意为“above, across”，以此类词缀开头的单词大多都含有“在……之上”“横过”之意。
克服
超重的
在空中
英语习语
英语中有很多习语（idioms），是人们经过长时间的使用提炼出来的含有特殊意义的固定词语组合，其真正的意义和字面意义往往相差甚远，不好理解和记忆。学习时，可以借助习语背后的词源故事或文化内涵来理解和学习，加深对它们的认知深度。
as cool as a cucumber
as cool as a cucumber 这则习语最早出现在约翰·盖伊（John Gay）在1732年的诗作 New Song on New Similes。黄瓜是一种清凉的食物，即使是在非常热的天气里，它内部的温度也会比周围的空气低大约20度。所以，说一个人像黄瓜一样凉是在形容这个人很冷静、镇静、泰然自若。
● Hearing the news, everyone in the room felt nervous except Tracy — she looked as cool as a cucumber.
wet blanket
wet blanket 这个习语可能来自扑灭大火的一种老办法：要是着火了，而你又没有其他灭火用具的话，那就可以用打湿的毯子来扑盖火苗。所以就产生了这样一个习惯说法：throw a wet blanket on。这个说法相当于汉语里的一句俗语：给人当头泼凉水。人们逐渐引申了这个说法，用 a wet blanket 来比喻把周围兴高采烈的人们都弄得热情冷却的一个人。
● My mom is a wet blanket because whenever my dad thinks of a fun
activity, she is always against it.
laughing stock
laughing stock 笑柄；中世纪英格兰，如果进行小偷小摸或其他比较恶劣的捣乱破坏行为等的人被抓住，会被绑到一个颈手枷（stock 本义是树干，引申指用木头制作的固定装置）上，人们会谴责和讥讽这个人的行为。
● His silly behaviour made him a laughing stock of the office.
eager beaver
英语中，eager beaver 是一个很有意思的习语，beaver 是海狸，它的中文意思不是指“热切的海狸”。海狸被称为“野生世界中的建筑师”，因而代指勤劳的人，所以 eager beaver 的意思是“干活特别卖力的人；对工作极有热忱的人”。常用于形容一个能任劳任怨的员工。
● The new secretary is an eager beaver. Although she comes to work at seven every day, she’s the last to leave in the evening.
do the trick
数羊是著名的治疗失眠的简便方法。这种习俗起源于西方文化，一般来讲让无法入睡的人进行无限只羊的想像，想像中一只只绵羊从矮栅栏上跳过，每跳一只就数一个数，直到因重复、无聊的数数起作用让数羊者在不知不觉中进入睡眠状态。用一句习惯用语来说，这就是：“do the trick奏效；达到预期效果”。
● These pills should do the trick. You’ll feel much better in no time.
本单元金句汇总
1. It’s much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt.
2. We would like to inform all passengers that the restaurant car is now open.
3. Wealth is no guarantee of happiness.
4. Talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success.
5. Consistent, hard work will guarantee that you will become good at whatever it is. 2013 广东改
6. My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset about it.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. It is reported that the company ran up huge debts. _________
2. He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him.
_________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. The club is 4 million ______________（负债）.
2. He managed to ________________（还清债务）in two years.
三、根据所给词块， 将句子译成英语。
欠债容易还债难。 (fall / get / go / run into debt)
________________________________________________
debt
in debt
pay off his debts
巨额债务
人情债
It’s much easier to fall / get / go / run into debt than to get out of debt.
一、根据使用场合，选出适当的词并用其正确形式填空。
(inform, tell)
1. If accepted for the job, you’ll be __________ soon.（2015 北京）
2. When my mother got home, I __________ her about my discovery.
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1.The leaflet（传单）is to _________________________（告知游客）the Park’s thoughtful services.（2013 江苏）
2. We regret to _____________________________________________（通知你你的申请被拒绝了）.
inform
inform visitors of / about
inform you that your application has been rejected
informed
told
guarantee
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We guarantee to complete our mission. ____________
2. I’m planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it depends on the weather. ____________
3. Higher educational evaluation（评估）is the main pattern（模式）of educational quality guarantee. ____________
4. I can offer my land as a guarantee. ____________
5. The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. ____________
保证
不能保证
质量保证
抵押品
在保修期内
upset
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you. （2013 辽宁） ____________________
2. The fact that he has failed several times makes him very upset.
____________________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset __________ Goldie. （2010 北京）
2. Nobel was upset __________ (find) out that he hadn’t discovered the truth. （2009 广东改）
3. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset __________ what had happened to the couple. （2014 福建）
使生气；使心烦意乱
心烦意乱的；难过的
about
to find
with
elect
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Increasing numbers of people elect ___________ (work) from home nowadays.
2. The group elected one of its members ___________ (be) their spokesperson.
3. The school board（校董会）is made up of parents who have __________ (elect) to make decisions about school affairs.（2013 上海）
4. Besides, I have such a good command（掌握）of English that I am elected ___________ assistant to my English teacher.（2015 陕西）
5. The recent ___________ (elect) has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.（2013 湖南改）
been elected
as
to work
to be
election
谢
谢
观
赏