外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit2 易混易错点辨析
●seem; appear
【教材原句】
When the road you’re trudging seems all uphill,….. (教材P13)
Don’t give up though the pace seems slow—you may succeed with another blow. (教材P13)
So, it seems that talent alone isn’t enough to guarantee success. (教材P15)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
② seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it seems that从句 好像….
④ seem like…..看起来像….
⑤ it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥ there seem to be….好像有…..
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
He _______ to have traveled a lot.
He ________ to be very tired now.
He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste for music.
There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●give up; give in
【教材原句】
Don’t give up though the pace seems slow—you may succeed with another blow. (教材P13)
You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life’s work, yet still this is often not enough. (教材P14)
Despite rejections from several publishers, J.D. Salinger refuse to give up. (教材P15)
Even when the book sold only two copies, the sisters still didn’t give up. (教材P15)
But I didn’t give up. (教材P17)
【辨析】
两者在意义和用法上都有区别。
give up 意思是“放弃（希望）；不再做（某事）”，作及物动词短语用，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
give in意思是“屈服，让步，投降”，此时它作不及物动词短语用，后不能跟宾语，表示“向某人屈服”时，则用“give in to sb. ”；give in做及物动词短语时表示“上交”，如果宾语是代词，则只能放在in之前，如“give it in”；宾语是名词时，放在in前后皆可。
【例句呈现】
I am managing, but I could not possibly give up work
我正在努力应付，但我不可能放弃工作。
Don’t just immediately give up but think about ways round a problem
不要马上放弃，应该想想解决问题的办法。
I would sooner give up sleep than miss my evening class
我宁可不睡觉，也不愿错过晚上的课。
I’ve been trying to give up smoking for getting on for two years now
到现在，我设法戒烟已快两年了。
He urged them not to give up on peace efforts
他力劝他们不要放弃对和平的努力。
In no circumstances will I give in.
无论如何我都不会屈服的。
I think we should just give in gracefully.
我认为我们应该大大方方地认输。
All right, I give in. What did you do with the ship
行啦，我认输。你如何处理的那艘船？
Officials say they won’t give in to the workers’ demands.
官员们表示他们不会向工人的要求让步。
My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight
家里人坚持认为我不应让步，而应该留下来继续抗争。
【考点过关】
根据give up和give in的用法填空
1. If you always ________ to others you will end up feeling like a doormat.
2. He had a bad accident two years ago and had to give up ______ (farm).
3. As they did, still Stephen did not complain or ________.
4. I know people who find it practically impossible to give up _______ (smoke).
5. He will soon ________ because he cannot win the game.
6. On the one hand they’d love to have kids, but on the other, they don’t want to _______ their freedom.
7. One shouldn’t _______ while he or she stands and sees.
8. She will not ________ her children without a struggle.
9. He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to _______ work.
10. We cannot _______ to those who would divide us.
【参考答案】
1. give in; 2. farming; 3. give in; 4. smoking; 5. give in; 6. give up; 7. give in; 8. give up; 9. give up; 10. give in
●receive; accept
【教材原句】
When she received her first rejection letter, she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favorite writers, and stuck it on her kitchen wall. (教材P14)
When she finally finished her first book, she received comments from publishers along the lines of “too difficult for children”, “too long”, “Children would not be interested in it”. (教材P14)
【辨析】
两者都有“接受”的意思，，但用法有一定的区别。
receive 意思是“收到，接到”，表示客观事实，东西或物品等已经到手。
accept意思是“接受，领受”， 表示当事人主观的态度和意愿，强调主观性。
【例句呈现】
We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
She’s decided not to accept the job.
她决定不接受这项工作。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.
你必须学会欣然承认失败。
Pride would not allow him to accept the money.
自尊心不容他接受这笔钱。
We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
我们无意接受这些条件。
We can receive up to 500 cable channels.
我们可以接收多达500个有线电视频道。
I haven’t received a letter from him yet.
我还没有收到他的信呢。
He received a large reward, which was no more than his due.
他得到重赏，这也是他应该得到的。
When her husband died, she received 50 000 in insurance.
她丈夫去世，她得到了一笔5万英镑的保险金。
She received a summons to appear in court the following week.
她收到一张传票，让她下周出庭。
【考点过关】
用accept, receive的适当形式填空
1. It’s possible that he ________ the letter already.
2. It is generally ________ that people are motivated by success.
3. He ________ 600 by way of compensation from the company yesterday.
4. You will ________ notification of our decision in the next week.
5. It may take years to be completely _______ by the local community.
6. He _______ the award in recognition of his success in the past.
7. She ________ to study music in the college last week.
8. They _______ the risks as part of the job.
9. You should ________ a reply within seven days.
10. I’ll regret to tell you that he didn’t _______ the job.
【参考答案】
1. has received; 2. accepted; 3. received; 4. receive; 5. accepted; 6. received; 7. was accepted; 8. accept; 9. receive; 10. accept ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
●agree with; agree on; agree to
【教材原句】
After a total of twelve rejections, one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book, and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages. (教材P15)
【辨析】
agree to 意思是“同意计划/建议/安排等”，这时，to为介词.
温馨提示：agree to do sth. 意思是“答应/同意做某事”
agree with ①“同意…..的话/观点/看法/意见”②与…..相符/一致 ③（气候，食物等）适合…..。
agree on/upon 意思是“(双方) 就……达成一致意见/达成协议”，后接名词、代词或动名词，句子主语往往是复数。s
【例句呈现】
The great majority of people seem to agree with this view.
大多数人似乎都同意这种观点。
Your account of the accident does not agree with hers.
你对事故的叙述与她的叙述不一致。
As the author of the proposal I cannot agree with you.
我作为提案的发起人不能同意你的意见。
I agree with what he says, but I’d have phrased it differently.
我赞同他说的，但我会以不同的方式表述。
First, they had to agree on which conflict was their most recent.
首先，他们必须就哪次冲突是最近的一次达成一致。
And we don’t want businesses to agree on prices in the back office.
我们不希望企业背地里制定统一价格。
I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s approval.
没有合伙人的认可我什么也不能答应。
You and I are going to have to agree to disagree then.
那你我只能各自保留不同意见
I cannot but agree to your decision.
我不得不同意你的决定。
I fully agree to the arrangement and take delight in it.
我完全赞成并乐于接受这一安排。
【考点过关】
根据agree with, agree on/upon, agree to的用法填空
1. This kind of food here doesn’t agree _______ the old and so does the climate.
2. I strongly suspect that most ordinary people would agree ______ me
3. The author can report other people’s results which more or less agree ______ hers.
4. If we cannot agree on a simple matter of that kind, we can never agree _______ anything of importance.
5. If you both agree _________ ground rules right from day one, it can last.
6. They agree _______ Russian entry into the World Trade Organization.
7. Do you think he’ll agree ________ their proposal
8. The management is understood to be very unwilling to agree ______ this request
9. An objective set of rules which we all agree _______ (accept) is necessary for any ordered society.
10. What on earth had possessed her to agree _______ (marry) him
【参考答案】
1. with; 2. with; 3. with; 4. on/upon; 5. on/upon; 6. on/upon; 7. to; 8. to; 9. to accept; 10. to marry
●join; attend; join in; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
Sure. I joined the Boy Scouts because I like to challenge myself. (教材P17)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I’ve joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It’s no use egging him on; he’s made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he’d ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●worthwhile; worth; worthy
【教材原句】
Even though being a scout has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile. (教材P17)
How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note (教材P20)
One the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. (教材P20)
【辨析】
三者都有“值得”的意思，但是用法不同。
worthwhile 意思是“值得的”， 常构成结构：it is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.
worth 意思是“值得；值….”，常构成结构：主语 + be worth sth/doing sth.
worthy 意思是“值得的”，常构成结构：主语 + be worthy of being done (=主语 + be worthy to be done
【例句呈现】
It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.
这本词典值得买。
It is worthwhile to pay much attention to their great value in application.
因此，它们具有的使用价值是值得重视的。
It is worthwhile to send him abroad for further education.
将他送到国外去深造是值得的。
It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的。
Since the Chinese market has huge potential, it is worthwhile being patient.
然而，由于中国市场潜力巨大，付出耐心是值得的。
The vases are believed to be worth over$ 20 000 each.
那些花瓶据估计每个价值都超过2万元。
Those might be worth trying ．
这些也许值得一试。
I think that the house should be worth the price.
我想应该值这个价格。
We esteem him to be worthy of trust.
我们认为他值得信任。
It is the core of the railroad transportation contract system that the carriers responsibility system may be worthy to be called.
承运人责任制度可以称得上是铁路运输合同制度的核心。
【考点过关】
根据worthwhile, worth, worthy的用法填空
1. If you’d be loved, be worthy ________ (loved).
2. It is worthwhile _______ (spend) money on advertising.
3. What is worth doing is worth ________ (do) well.
4. Therefore, it is worthwhile ________ (do) research on this kind of animal.
5. This art collection is worth ________ (show) once again.
6. They thought these ideas too obvious to be worth ________ (publish).
7. The global environmental change would be worthy __________ (pay) much attention to.
8. It is worthwhile ________ (think) over some details of this book.
【参考答案】
1. to be loved/of being loved; 2. spending/to spend; 3. dong; 4. doing/to do; 5. showing ; 6. publishing; 7. to be paid/of being paid; 8. thinking/to think
●human being; mankind; man; human; human race
【教材原句】
I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. (教材P20)
I should like to see the books which have been read to me, and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit. (教材P20)
【辨析】
五个词或短语都表示“人，人类”，但用法有细微区别。
human, human being; human race 意思是““人，人类”, 是可数名词，可以构成以下表达：a human; three humans; a human being; two human beings; a human race; three human races；human 除了作名词，也可作形容词，表示“人的，人类的”。这三个词或词组作名词时完全可以换用。
mankind, man作“人类”讲时，都是不可数名词，前面不可加任何冠词（包括定冠词和不定冠词）。它们对应的代词为it或its, 而不是they, them和their
温馨提示：man 做人类讲作主语时，谓语用单数，而human作主语时，谓语既可用单数也可用复数。
【例句呈现】
Mankind’s/man’s knowledge of the universe has increased beyond measure
人类对于宇宙的了解已经大为增加。
His research is for the betterment of mankind/man.
他的研究是为全人类造福。
It exerts a civilizing influence on mankind/man.
这产生了教化人类的影响。
The civilization of mankind/man has taken thousands of years to develop.
人类经数千年才文明开化。
Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind/man.
人类必须结束战争，否则战争就会毁灭人类。
In the world today, mankind/man is progressing at a tremendous pace.
在当今世界，人类进步一日千里。
That is no way to treat another human being/human race/human.
那绝不是对待他人的方式。
Physical perfection in a human being/human race/human is exceedingly rare.
体貌完美的人极为罕见。
No human being/human race/human on the face of the earth could do anything worse than what he did.
世界上再没有人能做出比他更坏的事情来。
No human being/human race/human can be free from mistakes.
是人总要犯错误。
she’s the best human being/human race/human in the world.
她是世界上最好的人
Challenges are necessary for every human being/human race/human who is seeking quality life.
挑战对于每一个寻找有质量生活的人来说都是十分必要的。
【考点过关】
根据mankind, man, human being, human race和 human的用法填空
1. Although the Negroes were _______ just like the whites, they were not treated as human beings.
2. The need to communicate is a key characteristic of ______ society.
3. Mankind _______ (use) the horse since ancient times.
4. Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of _______ knowledge.
5. Mankind _______ (try) every means to maintain the balance of nature.
6. Contact with other people is a basic ______ need.
7. All progressive mankind _______ (love) peace.
8. She is best known for her work on the ______ brain.
9. The Chinese people should make a greater contribution to ______.
10. Each ______ has to die, but mankind goes on world without end.
11. The country has a poor record on ______ rights.
12. Each human being has to die, but _______ goes on world without end.
13. How long can a _______ go without sleep
14. In every ______ there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition.
15. Asia is one of the places where _______ originated.
16. Be a responsible _______ and do not do evil things to others.
17. One of writer’s favorite themes is the fraternity of _______.
【参考答案】
1. human beings/humans/human races; 2. human; 3. have/has used; 4. human; 5. have/has been trying; 6. human; 7. love/loves; 8. human; 9. mankind/man; 10. human being/human race/human; 11. human; 12. mankind/man; 13. human being/human race/human; 14. human being/human race/human; 15. mankind/man; 16. human being/human race/human; 17. mankind/man
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