外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards重难点讲解学案（无答案）

Unit2 重难点讲解
Part one starting out
一.重点词汇
1.?
debt n.债务，欠款
fall/get/run into debt负债；借债
in debt欠债
out of debt不欠债
pay off one’s debts还清债务
2.
pace n.速度，进度 v.走来走去，来回踱步
at one’s own pace按照自己的进度
keep pace with跟上，与……并驾齐驱
set the pace领先；起带头作用
at a pace of以……的速度
pace up and down来回走着
3.
eagerly adv. 渴望地，热切地
eager adj. 渴望的，热切的
be eager to do 渴望去做某事
4.
survive v. 幸存，幸免于
survival n. 幸存，残存物
survivor n. 生还者，生存者
5.
eventually 最后终于
6.
guarantee v. 保证，向某人担保
guarantee sb. sth.保证某人某事
guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人保证某事
guarantee n.
give sb. a guarantee that
under guarantee 在保质期内
7.
challenge n. 挑战
a challenge to 对…的挑战
meet /face a challenge 面对挑战
accept/ take up a challenge 接收挑战
二. 重点短语
1.
take...for example以……为例
take notice of注意到；留意
take advantage of利用
take one’s time慢慢来
take it easy别紧张，放松点
take action采取行动
2.
give up 放弃
give away 捐出，捐赠
give back 归还，退还
give off 放光，放出
give in 投降 让步
give out 分发；发出
give way to 给…让路
3.
have …in common with 和…有共同之处
have much/ a lot in common with 与…有共同之处
have nothing /little in common与..没有共同之处
in common共有(的)
in common with和……一样
common sense常识
4.
turn down 调小，调低，拒绝
turn up 出现，调大，到场
turn out 证明是 结果是
turn off 关上
turn on 打开
turn over 翻转
turn in上交 归还
turn around 转身
5.dream of /about doing 梦想做某事
6.
in particular 特别 尤其
be particular to 是 …特有的
be particular about/over 对…挑剔讲究
7.
pick up 学会 接人 收听 染上
pick out 挑出 辨认
8.
end up 最终成为
end up doing 以…结束
end up with 以…结尾
end up as 最后成了
三.重点句型
1.The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it，their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.
[自主翻译]　
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2.
You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life’s work，yet still this is often not enough.
[自主翻译]　
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3.Everyone knows that success rarely happens overnight，but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly successful writers have previously faced rejection.
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4.When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favorite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall.
[自主翻译]　
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5.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book，and as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.
[自主翻译]　
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6.
You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your life’s work，yet still this is often not enough.
[自主翻译]　
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7. Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.
[自主翻译]　
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8.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school，but later struggled to get his works published .
[自主翻译]　
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9.Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”
[自主翻译]　
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Unit 2 part 2 developing ideas
一.重要词汇
1.
inform v.通知；告知
inform sb of/about sth 通知某人某事
inform sb that 告知某人
informed adj. 有学问的，有见识的
keep sb informed of sth 随时告知某人
information n.消息 情报
2.
perserve v.锲而不舍，坚持不懈
perseverance n.
3.
criticism n.批判，批评，考证
critical adj.批判的，批评的，爱挑剔的
criticize v. 批评，批判
4.
1)worthwhile adj.重要的，值得做的
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事
2)worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值 n.价值；作用 adj.[古]值钱的
be (well) worth doing……(非常)值得做
be worth＋n.值得……；值……
3)worthy adj.值得的
be worthy of being done
be worthy to be done
be worthy of sth
5.
enthusiastic adj.热情的热心的
be enthusiastic about sth 对某事热心
enthusiasm n.热心热情
with enthusiasm 热情地
enthusiastically adv.热情地
6.
upset adj.
be/feel/get upset about /by/over sth 对某事烦恼、不安，难过
be upset to do sth. 做某事很难过
upset v.
upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb to do sth 做某事让某人心烦
7.
elect v.选择，决定
elect to do sth. 选择/决定做某事
election n.选举，推选
8.appreciative adj.
be appreciative of感激；欣赏
appreciate vt.欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；意识到
appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
I would appreciate it if you can…
appreciation n.
in appreciation of 作为对…的感谢
9.
delight n. 高兴，愉快
with delight =in delight 高兴地，愉快地
to one’s delight 令某人愉快地
take delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐
delighted adj.感到开心的
be delighted at /by/with…由于……而高兴
be delighted to do很高兴做某事
delighting adj.令人感到开心的
delightful adj.快乐的，愉快的
10.
apply v. 应用 申请
apply to 应用到
apply oneself to 致力于
apply for申请
application n.申请 应用
applicant n.申请人
11. persuade 说服
persuade sb to do =persuade sb into doing 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do =persuade sb out of doing 说服某人不要做某事
12.
embarrass v.使…尴尬
embarrassed adj.搞到尴尬的
be embarrassed about /at sth 对…尴尬
be embarrassed to do sth 很尴尬去做某事
embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
embarrassment n.尴尬
to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是….
13.
aware adj. 意识到的，明白的
make sb aware of 使某人意识到
be /become aware of 意识到
awareness n. 意识
raise one’s awareness of 提高某人的意识
二.重点短语
1. now and then时而，有时
from now on从今以后
from then on从那以后
just now刚才；现在
up to now迄今为止
now that既然
since then自那时以来
2. knock over撞倒；打翻
knock at/on敲……
knock down撞倒，击倒；拆卸
knock into撞在……上
knock off敲掉；(从价格中)减去
三.重点句式
1. With life being made up of ups and downs，it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.
[自主翻译]　
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2.形容词作状语
I should again greet the dawn，anxious to discover new delights ，new revelations of beauty.
[自主翻译]　
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3.only位于句首引起倒装
Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
[自主翻译]　
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Part three　Grammar— -ing and to-infinitive as object
1.We regret to inform you...
2.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book.
3.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school...
4.Despite rejections from several publishers，J.D. Salinger refused to give up.
5.Nevertheless，the sisters didn’t stop trying.
句1和句2 和句4中regret，agreed 和refused后跟 作宾语；句3和句5中的started和stop后跟 作宾语。
后接-ing或者to do 作宾语
1.只接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语
英语中有些动词及短语必须接不定式作宾语，这类动词及短语常用的有：
afford负担得起；
agree同意；
attempt尝试，试图；
choose选择；
desire渴望；
determine决心；
decide决定；
expect期望；
hope希望；
learn学习；
manage设法；
offer主动提出；
plan计划；
pretend假装；
promise许诺；
refuse拒绝；
wish希望；
set out着手；
would like想要等。
I can’t afford to waste money on cheap souvenirs.
我不能把钱浪费在那些廉价的纪念品上。
2.
只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
英语中有些动词及短语必须接动名词作宾语，这类动词及短语常用的有：admit承认；appreciate感激；avoid避免；consider考虑；delay延迟；deny否认；enjoy喜欢；escape逃脱；finish完成；imagine想象；mind介意；miss错过；postpone推迟；practice练习；resist抵抗；risk冒险；suggest建议；insist on坚持；stand忍受；keep保持等。
be used to习惯于；be accustomed to习惯于；lead to导致；devote oneself to献身于；object to反对；stick to坚持；look forward to期望，盼望等短语中的to为介词，也接动名词作宾语。
3. to为介词的短语：
be/get/become used to doing习惯于
be accustomed to doing习惯于
be addicted to doing沉溺于；对……上瘾
be opposed to doing反对
object to doing 反对
devote oneself to献身于；专心于
be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于
be admitted to 被……录取；准许进入
lead to doing 导致
contribute to doing 贡献；导致；促进
look forward to doing sth.期待做某事
stick to doing sth.坚持做某事
be equal to sth.胜任做某事
have access to 有接近(某物的)方法
attach great importance to doing sth.重视做某事
get down to doing sth.开始做某事
the key/approach to doing sth.做某事的关键/方法
when it comes to当谈到
Have you ever considered going abroad for further education
你考虑过去国外深造吗？
You can hardly avoid meeting her if both of you work in the same office.
如果你们两个人在同一间办公室工作，你就免不了会遇见她。
He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time.
很长一段时间以来他一直盼望去英国。
3.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
①try to do sth.尽力做某事/try doing sth.试着去做某事
②mean to do sth.打算去做某事/mean doing sth.意味着做某事
③regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事
④remember to do sth.记得要去做某事/remember doing sth.记得做过某事
⑤forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事/forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事
⑥stop to do sth.停下去做别的事/stop doing sth.停下正在做的事
⑦go on to do sth.接着做另外的事/go on doing sth.继续做原来的事
⑧can’t help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事/have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事
5.在动词allow，permit，forbid，advise后面直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
独立主格结构及非谓语动词的其他考点
一、
1.名词或代词主格+不定式;
Lots of work to do, I have to work extra hours.
2.名词或代词主格+现在分词：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
3.名词或代词主格+过去分词
The test finished，we will have our summer vacation.
二. 1.动名词的复合结构
Would you mind opening the door
Would you mind me/my opening the door
Tom’s being polite is praised by all.
We don’t like his/him/Tom’s showing off.
2. there be的非谓语动词形式
there be的不定式结构用(for) there to be，v.-ing形式是there being。如：
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
3．With/without 的复合结构
1) with/without+名词/代词+形容词(短语)/副词/介词短语
I found her sitting in the corner, reading a newspaper, with tears in her eyes.
2) with/without+名词/代词+现在分词
With about 7 million college graduates in China crowding into the job market this year, it’s going to be tough to get a good job.
3)with/without+名词/代词+不定式
With many students to attend his lecture about the endangered animals, the professor has been preparing for it all day.
4) with/without+名词/代词+过去分词
Most companies center on how to get customers, with little attention paid to keeping them.
习题
1． _______ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China.
2． ________(struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is.
3． ________(give) a push, an object will move forward and do work.
4． Former Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said________ (donate) nearly 40 million yuan of all of his book's royalty(版税) income over the past two years.
5．The student ________ (absorb) in the games on the smart phone during class did not notice his teacher behind him.
6. A man, ________ (sentence) 18 years ago, was found not guilty, which amazed many people.
7．Square dancing, ________ (see) as a way to relax and exercise by some people, has brought about lots of arguments.
8． “Hope for the best and prepare for the worst” is a proverb, ________ (mean) life is beautiful and full of frustrations as well.[]
9． People from all the corners came to the city center, ________ (make) it very crowded.
10．He survived the crash, only ________ (die) in the desert.
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