动词的时态
【要点提示】
一、一般现在时
概念:1. 表示经常性、 习惯性的动作;
2. 表示现时的情况或状态;
3. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。
构成形式:am / is / are或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式)
时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等。
考查热点:如果主句为一般将来时,由if, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) unless等引导的条件状语从句和when, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
二、现在进行时
概念:表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。
构成形式:am / is / are + 动词的-ing形式
时间状语及提示语:now, these days, at this moment, Listen! Look! 等。
三、一般过去时
概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成形式:动词的过去式
时间状语:... ago, last week, yesterday, just now, in 1988等。
四、一般将来时
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。
构成形式:“will / shall + ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词原形”或“am / is /are going to + 动词原形”或“am / is /are + 动词的-ing形式”
时间状语:tomorrow, next month, in two days, soon等。
考查热点:there be结构的一般将来时为there will be / there is going to be。
五、现在完成时
概念:1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;
2. 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
构成形式:have / has + 动词的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去分词时间状语及提示词:“for + 段时间”,“since + 点时间 / 从句”,already, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, so far, ever since等。
考查热点:for 与since的转换;already常用在肯定句中,yet常用在否定句和疑问句中;短暂性动词不能与表示段时间的状语连用。
六、过去进行时
概念:表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。
构成形式:was / were + 动词的-ing形式
时间状语:at that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when + 从句(动词为过去式)等。
七、过去将来时
概念:表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成形式:“would + 动词原形”或“was / were + going to + 动词原形”
时间状语:the next day ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )morning, year...), the following month (week ...) 等。
考查热点:在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句为一般过去时,其宾语从句表示将来时常用此时态。
八、过去完成时
概念:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
构成形式:had + 动词的过去分词
时间状语:by the time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ when / before + 从句(动词为过去式), by the end of last year (week, month ...) 等。
【专项练习】
Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( )1. —Excuse me. Please look at the sign “No Smoking”.
—Sorry, I ____________.
A. don’t notice it B. am not noticed
C. didn’t notice it D. wasn’t noticed
( )2. Please don’t leave until your teacher ____________back.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
( )3. —You’ve left the light on, Tracy.
—Oh, sorry. I __________ to turn it off right now.
A. went B. have gone C. will go D. go
( )4. —What are you looking for, John
—My dictionary. It___________ right here, but now it’s ____________.
A. has been, gone B. was, gone C. was, going D. is, going
( )5. —Can your brother make model planes
—Yes, this week he ___________a new one.
A. makes B. would make C. had made D. is making
( )6. Wang Tao has gone to Australia. He __________there for a year.
A. stayed B. will stay C. had stayed D. stays
( )7. —Oh, Mrs King, your dress looks nice. Is it new
—No, I ___________ it since two years ago.
A. will buy B. had C. am buying D. have had
( )8. Nobody noticed what the young man _________at that moment.
A. will do B. was doing
C. has done D. had done
( )9. A World Wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thout Thieves is a very moving film. I __________ it twice already.
A. will see B. see C. had seen D. have seen
( )10. —Be quiet, please! The baby _________.
—Sorry.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping
( )11. My postcard is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) still on the desk. Why_________ you_________ it
A. haven’t, posted B. don’t, post
C. weren’t, posting D. won’t, post
( )12. Tom__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ there for 10 months since he__________ back to his home town.
A. has lived, gets B. has lived, got
C. lived, got D. lived, has got
( )13. —I have read the book.
—When __________you read it
A. have B. will C. did D. had
( )14. Someone ___________the classroom. Look! How clean it is!
A. has swept B. will sweep C. is sweeping D. had swept
( )15. —What did you do last night
—I _______________TV with my family.
A. watch B. am watching C. have watched D. watched
( )16. —Can I help you, sir
—Yes, thanks. I bought the radio here yesterday, but it ________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. wasn’t working D. doesn’t work
( )17. —Did you see Mr Green at the party
—No, he _____________when I got there.
A. left B. had left C. has left D. was leaving
( )18. —What does Alice often do in the evening
—She often _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________her homework. But on the evening of April 15th she ____________TV.
A. does; watches B. is doing; watched
C. does; watched D. is doing; watches
( )19. —I___________ the book to the library.
—When___________ you ___________it
A. have returned; did, return B. have returned; have, returned
C. had returned; did, return D. returned; have, returned
( )20. My father____________ on business for two weeks.
He’ll return in 3 days.
A. left B. has left C. had gone D. has been away
( )21. I really do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t know if my brother ___________. If he __________, I’ll go to the park with him.
A. will come; comes B. comes; will come
C. will come; will come D. comes; comes
( )22. I don’t kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w how long it will be before he_________ to see us.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. had come
( )23. —I saw him smoking in the hall yesterday afternoon.
—It can’t be true. I know that he never__________ .
A. smokes B. had smoked C. smoked D. is smoking
( )24. —Have you read this wonderful magazine
—Yes, I just____________ it last week.
A. read B. have read C. had read D. was reading
( )25. —I passed the driving test the day before yesterday.
—Did you I ____________it yet.
A. hadn’t passed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. haven’t passed
C. don’t pass D. won’t pass
( )26. I ______________in Beijing for some time, and then I went to Shanghai for an important meeting.
A. stay B. stayed C. have stayed D. would stay
( )27. —I saw the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight in your room on when I passed by your house at midnight.
—Oh, I____________ the Internet looking for information.
A. surf B. am surfing C. was surfing D. have surfed
( )28. —What were you doing when Tony phoned you
—I had just finished my homework and__________ to take a shower.
A. had started B. started
C. was starting D. have started
( )29. —What did your pen pal say in the letter
—She said that she ___________the Disneyland the next day.
A. will visit B. is going to visit
C. has visited D. would visit
( )30. —Linda, can you help me wash the clothes
—Sorry, Mum. I____________ to school.
A. am going B. go C. went D. have gone
Ⅱ. 请根据句意及所给动词,用其正确时态填空。
1. _____________ it _____________(cost) much to live here
2. The teacher look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed at the clean classroom and said we _________ (do) a good job.
3. The Smiths___________ (change) greatly in the last two years.
4. He heard her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) singing loudly in the next room, so he __________ (read) in a louder voice.
5. We __________ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.
6. Father said that h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ____________ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.
7. Bill isn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here. He _____________ (chat) with his friends in the classroom.
8. The teacher said that the moon _______________ (go) round Earth.
9. Listen! They_____________(talk) about the new film.
10. His sister ______________ (marry) a doctor on May 1st, 2008.
11. The reporter ___________ (interview) the little boy just now.
12. The Greens ____________ (watch) TV now.
13. We ______________ (study) English for about three years.
14. My brother__________ (join) the army in 1997.
15. The farmers_____________ (pick) apples when I saw them.
16. The film___________ (begin) when I got to the cinema.
17. My sister is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )student and she__________ (study) at a middle school nearby.
18. Mr Green _______________ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.
19. You ______________ (catch) the early bus if you get up early.
20. I ____________ (stay) there for two months last year.
参考答案
动词的时态专项练习
Ⅰ. 1-5 CCCBD 6-10 BDBDC 11-15 ABCAD
16-20 DBCAD 21-25 ABAAB 26-30 BCCDA
Ⅱ. 1. Does, cost 2. had done / did 3. have changed 4. read
5. had learnt / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learned 6. would buy 7. is chatting 8. goes
9. are talking 10. married 11. interviewed
12. are watching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 13. have studied 14. joined 15. were picking
16. had begun 17. studies 18. has travelled 19. will catch
20. stayed