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湖南省株洲市炎陵县2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Four Best Hikes in the World
There's nothing like getting out and getting some fresh air on a hike. No matter whether your idea of a hike is a leisure walk or climbing the highest mountain on Earth, we've got you covered. Below are four best hikes in the world.
Torres del Paine W Circuit
Location (位置): Patagonia. Chile
Distance: 37 + miles
Time: 5~6 days
Best time to go: October to January
The W Circuit is one of the most recommended hikes you'll find. Not only will you appreciate the diverse landscapes and striking granite pillars (花岗岩柱子), but you'll probably meet some new friends along the way.
Grand Canyon Rim - to - Rim Hike
Location: Arizona, the United States
Distance: 48 miles
Time: 1~3 days
Best time to go: May to June, September to October
There's no better way to experience one of the greatest wonders in the world. Located in one of the USA's most beautiful parks, the views are absolutely appealing. Just make sure you're prepared for the challenge.
Trek to Petra
Location: Jordan
Distance: 47 miles
Time: 5~ 6 days
Best time to go: October to April
Take the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and experience one of the seven wonders of the world. Hike through canyons, gorges and ridges, and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists.
Yosemite Grand Traverse
Location: California, the United States
Distance: 60 miles
Time: 6~7 days
Best time to go: July to September
Known for some of the best hiking in the world, Yosemite National Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia (红杉) trees. Praised by National Geographic, the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.
1．Which of the following is the best time for the hike in Patagonia, Chile
A．April. B．May. C．August. D．December.
2．Where should you go for a less crowded hike
A．Jordan. B．Patagonia, Chile.
C．Arizona, the United States. D．California, the United States.
3．What can you do along the Yosemite Grand Traverse
A．Plant sequoia trees. B．Appreciate waterfalls.
C．Visit local temples. D．Climb granite pillars.
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
When I was in my fourth year of teaching, I was also（and am still）a high
school track and field coach（田径教练）. One year, I had a
student, John, who entered my class when he was a junior. John changed to our
school from Greece, and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him
to join our track team. I explained to him that even though he had never taken
part in it before, I did believe that he could do well in any event, and that I
would be willing to coach him in whichever ones interested him. He accepted the
offer, and began to work hard at every practice.
About a month later, I had found out from other sources that John
was a first-class tennis player, winning various junior awards in his home
country. I went to him asking, "John, I really appreciate that you came
out for the track team, but why didn't you play tennis instead It seems that
would interest you a lot more, since you're so good at it."John answered,
"Well, I like tennis, but you told me that you believed in me, and that
you thought I could do well in track, so I wanted to try it for that reason."
From then on, I often remember my student's reply. I told it to a friend and
she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers. No matter
how critical（挑别的）students can
be of themselves, I've found that a simple "I trust that you can do it!
"can go a long way!
4．According to Paragraph 1, what did the author seem to think more about
A．John's PE marks. B．John's self-confidence.
C．John's interest in sports. D．John's state of health.
5．Why did John take part in the track team
A．He had been an excellent runner.
B．He was encouraged by his teacher
C．He liked running more than tennis.
D．He had no tennis coach to train him.
6．What's the purpose of this passage
A．To build a close teacher-student relationship.
B．To introduce a new way of sports training.
C．To explain the value of sports.
D．To show the importance of encouragement.
7．Who is the passage mainly written for
A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Students. D．Players.
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
As a child, there was
nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons at my grandfather's farm in
western Pennsylvania. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls, the house and
field provided endless hours of fun for a city kid like me.
Since my first visit
to the farm, I had wanted more than anything to be allowed to climb the stone
walls surrounding the houses. My parents would never agree because the walls
were so old that some stones were loose and falling. However, my idea to climb
across those walls grew so strong that finally I had all my courage to enter
the living room, where the adults had gathered after Sunday dinner.
"I want to climb
the stone walls." I said. "Heavens, no! You'll hurt yourself!"
The response was just as I'd expected. But before I left the room, I was
stopped by my grandfather's loud voice. "Now hold on just a minute."I
heard him say. "Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to learn to do
things for himself."
"Go," he
said to me, "and come and see me when you get back." For the next two
and a half hours I climbed those old walls—and had the time of my life. Later I
met with my grandfather to tell him about my adventures. I'll never forget what
he said. "Fred," he said, smiling, "you made this day a special
day just by being yourself. Always remember, there's only one person in this
whole world like you, and I like you exactly as you are."
Many years have passed
since then, and today I host the television program Mister Rogers'
Neighborhood, seen by millions of children throughout America. There have been
changes over the years, but one thing remains the same: my message to children
at the end of almost every visit. "There's only one person in this whole
world like you," the kids will hear me say, "and people can like you
exactly as you are."
8．Why did the writer enjoy his visits to the farm
A．There were old stone houses.
B．He could experience new fun there.
C．He missed his grandfather.
D．He was allowed to climb the stone walls.
9．Which of the following statements is true
A．The writer didn't expect his parents' disagreement with his climbing the walls.
B．The writer didn't know the possible danger of the stone walls.
C．The writer's grandfather backed him up to follow his own heart.
D．The writer became a TV program host due to his grandfather's influence.
10．Which word can be used to describe the grandfather
A．Adventurous. B．Open-minded. C．Tricky. D．Stubborn.
11．Which is probably the best title for the text
A．Unforgettable Childhood. B．Do Whatever You Like.
C．Just Be Yourself. D．Like grandfather, like grandson.
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
When put to the test, bees have proved over and over again that
they've got a lot more to offer than making honey and now some scientists say
there's proof that they also like to play. A study recently published in Animal Behavior suggests that
bumblebees, when given the chance, like to fool around with toys.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment
in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to
a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a
separate section with several small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists
watched as the bees "went out of their way to roll wooden balls
repeatedly, though there seems to be no apparent cause to drive them to
do so."
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with
inanimate (无生命的) objects as
a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seemed to be more playful
than adult bees. "Previous research has shown that there are lots of
animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from
young mammals and birds. This study provides a strong indication that insect
minds are far more advanced than we might imagine," Lars Chittka, who led
the study, said.
The study's first author, Samadi Galpayage, who is a PhD student
at Queen Mary University, added that it is the evidence that insects may be
able to experience feelings. "They can actually experience some kind of
positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger fluffy (覆有绒毛的) animals do. This sort of finding has led
to our understanding of insects and will, hopefully, encourage us to respect
and protect life on earth ever more," she said in the statement.
12．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The conclusion of the research.
B．The assumption（假设）about the bees.
C．The description of the experiment.
D．The reasons for conducting the experiment.
13．What does the underlined word "apparent" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Clear. B．Preventable. C．Horrible. D．Different.
14．What can we learn from the study
A．Birds like to fool around with toys.
B．Toys are more enjoyable to adult bees.
C．Humans seldom interact with lifeless objects for fun.
D．Insect minds are better developed than we thought.
15．Which statement will Samadi Galpayage agree to
A．Insects experience the same emotions as humans do.
B．Fluffy animals fail to show positive emotional states.
C．More work is needed to protect endangered life on earth.
D．The finding improves our understanding of living things.
二、任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Healthy and Happy We all want to be healthy, happy, free of stress and more productive in life.
1 Get enough sleep. It not only keeps you healthy but also you will be happier. It is said that "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." 16． .
2 Drink plenty of water. 17． . The benefits of water are amazing. Water helps keep your skin clear, leaving you feeling happier and better about your body. Water is just simply an amazing source in itself for your overall health. Try to drink 8 glasses a day.
3 Smile and laugh. Don't get sad over small problems or take any joke seriously which hurts you. Instead, if you feel so hurt, you prefer to stay away from that friend. 18． . Respect your friend from a good perspective. Smile and laugh all the time and you will be happy.
4 19． . Help your mom do the dishes, help out your dad in the kitchen, clean your room, or do anything that could help your family. It will not only make them love you more, but you will feel happy knowing you have done good even if you moved out twenty years ago and are a father yourself.
5 Have goals. Always believe you can achieve. If you can dream it, you can achieve it, no matter what. 20． . Organization plays a very important role in achieving goals, so organize yourself.
A. Help out your family. B. Don't get in touch with him/her. C. So make sure you go to sleep earlier. D. Of course keep goals and dreams realistic. E. Water is good for everything in your body. F. The majority of our body is made up of water. G. However, don't show him that you don't like him.
三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B, C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress
management. As she raised a glass of water, everyone in the class 21． they would be asked the "half-empty
or half-full" question.
22． , with a
smile on her face, she asked the students, "How 23． do you think this glass of water weighs "
Answers called out 24． from 100g to 300g. She quieted the
students down and then replied, "It does not matter on the 25． . It 26． on how long you hold it. If I hold it for
a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right 27． .If I hold it for a day, my
arm will feel numb. In each case, the weight of the glass of water doesn't
change, but the 28． I
hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why "
Lost in 29． ,
all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.
"Our 30． and
worries in life are like that glass of water. If we 31． our burdens(负担) all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted."
What you have to do is put all your burdens down, as 32． in the evening as possible. Don't carry
them through the evening into the night; by doing this, we can get 33． next morning and are able to move forward."
"More often than not, life gets terrible when we think too
much. And the moment you 34． your
burdens, you'll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed."
"So rather than feeling 35． and sorry for yourself, start doing
something about it. After all, life is too short to waste on anything that is
not making you happy."
21．A．knew B．agreed C．expected D．argued
22．A．Instead B．Meanwhile C．Besides D．Therefore
23．A．full B．little C．heavy D．much
24．A．replied B．ranged C．read D．remained
25．A．weight B．height C．volume D．size
26．A．holds B．calls C．takes D．depends
27．A．finger B．foot C．arm D．leg
28．A．higher B．longer C．deeper D．further
29．A．thought B．idea C．plan D．class
30．A．doubts B．joys C．stresses D．surprises
31．A．carry B．cover C．hide D．show
32．A．late B．early C．soon D．fast
33．A．reset B．reviewed C．refreshed D．reminded
34．A．catch up with B．let
go of C．put up with D．take care of
35．A．upset B．satisfied C．bored D．confused
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tuatara (鳄蜥) can only be found on the islands off the coast of New Zealand. And they are one of the 36． (old) animals in the world. They were on the earth 220 million years ago. At that time, there were a lot of tuatara all over the world, but in most 37． (place) they died out about one million years ago because other stronger animals developed and became tuatara killers. At 38． same time, New Zealand became separated from the rest of the world, so tuatara have continued to live in New Zealand.
Tuatara are cold blooded animals so they feel cold 39． you touch them. They can grow up 40． 24 centimeters in length (长度) and weigh more than 1 kilogram. Tuatara make 41． (they) homes in holes in the ground. They often share their holes with birds, which is not a good idea for the birds because tuatara are fond of 42． (eat) eggs and baby birds. In fact, they will eat anything they can catch, but 43． (usual) they eat insects (昆虫)．
The number of tuatara 44． (drop) since people and other animals came to New Zealand one thousand years ago. Today, there aren't many tuatara left. In New Zealand, programs have been set up 45． (protect) them.
五、根据所学定语从句知识，用恰当的关系词填空。（每空1分, 共10分）
46．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）I love the poems were written by Li Bai.
47．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）This is the best film we have ever made about friendship.
48．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She has a brother name I can't remember.
49．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）The old man we visited yesterday is our headmaster.
50．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）The house was built by my father is over there.
51．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Those want to take part in the school sports meeting must sign their name here.
52．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）This is the factory we visited last year.
53．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Is this the factory your father works
54．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）I remember the day I first came to the college.
55．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Do you still remember the days we spent together in the countryside.
六、根据汉语提示，或首写字母，或用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。（每小题1分, 满分15分）
56．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Milu often said " A is everything." to encourage the players to devote more.
57．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Men and women should be treated (equal) in interviews.
58．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）It's n for senior citizens to feel lonely when children leave home to work in other cities.
59．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考） (fortunate), her marriage is on the rocks.
60．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）His father has made a full (康复) from the operation.
61．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）As a music lover, I really (钦佩，欣赏) her singing skills.
62．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She burst into tears and then (explode) with anger in front of him.
63．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）He glared (anger) at her but did not say a word.
64．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Television is an （effect）means of communication.
65．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Don't i children's emotional changes as they can be a sign of problems.
七、根据课文内容填空（每空1分, 共5分）
66．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Whether we are walking to school or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's .
67．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）The stress of this situation is killing me, and I'm at a what to do next.
68．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She then passed in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to the hospital.
69．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She told me she had trouble (concentrate) in class.
70．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）They have also warned them using such extreme methods.
八、应用文写作（满分15分）
71．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）假设你是中学生李华，你的美国笔友Amy最近因身材问题而烦恼，想通过节食来减肥，请给Amy 写一封回信，要点如下：
1）写信的目的
2）你对节食的态度以及节食的危害（至上写两点）
3）就健康的减肥方法提三点以上的建议
注意：
1）写作词数应为100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Amy,
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了世界上最好的四个适合远足的地方。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据 Torres del Paine W Circuit 部分中的“Best time to go: October to January”最佳时间：10月至1月，可知12月份也是最佳的旅游时间，故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据 Trek to Petra 部分中的“ and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists. ”沿途可以看到陵墓和寺庙，同时避免游客聚集。可知去约旦的旅行不会太拥挤，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。根据 Yosemite Grand Traverse 部分中的“ the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops. ”the Yosemite Grand Traverse将带您穿越瀑布和绿色的山顶。可知你可以沿着沿着the Yosemite Grand Traverse欣赏瀑布，故选B。
【答案】4．C
5．B
6．D
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者鼓励他的学生John加入田径队，大约一个月后作者发现John曾是一流的网球运动员。但John却因为作者的鼓励坚持留在田径队训练。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him to join our track team”可知，John似乎对体育感兴趣，因此作者鼓励他参加田径队，说明作者考虑更多的是John在运动方面的兴趣，故选C。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“John answered, Well, I like tennis, but you told me that you believed in me, and that you thought I could do well in track, so I wanted to try it for that reason.”约翰回答说：嗯，我喜欢网球，但你告诉我你相信我，你认为我可以在赛道上做得很好，所以出于这个原因我想试试。可知，John参加田径队的原因是作者鼓励了他，故选B。
6．考查写作意图。根据第一段中的“I've found that a simple ‘I trust that you can do it!’ can go a long way”我发现，一句简单的“我相信你能做到！”就能起到很大的作用！可知，这篇文章是为了说明鼓励的重要性，故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers”我把它告诉了一个朋友，她建议我把它写下来，分享给更多的老师。可推知，这篇文章主要是写给老师的，故选A。
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．B
11．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候在乡村的经历。作者小时候很喜欢在祖父的农田上玩，并且渴望爬上围绕着农田的石墙。虽然大人们害怕爬墙会让作者伤到自己，但是祖父同意了。作者从自己的经历里面悟出一个道理：我们要做真实的自我。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第一段“As a child, there was nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons at my grandfather's farm in western Pennsylvania. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls, the house and field provided endless hours of fun for a city kid like me.”当我还是个孩子的时候，没有什么比在宾夕法尼亚州西部祖父的农场里度过周日下午更让我喜欢的了。房子和田地被绵延数英里的蜿蜒石墙环绕着，为像我这样的城市孩子提供了无尽的乐趣。可知，作者喜欢去农场是因为他可以在那里体验到新的乐趣。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Fred,’ he said, smiling, ‘you made this day a special day just by being yourself. Always remember, there's only one person in this whole world like you, and I like you exactly as you are.’”“弗雷德，”他微笑着说，“你做了你自己，使今天成为一个特别的日子。永远记住，这个世界上只有一个人喜欢你，我喜欢真实的你。”可知，作者的祖父支持他遵从自己的内心。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据第三段“‘I want to climb the stone walls.’ I said. ‘Heavens, no! You’ll hurt yourself!’ The response was just as I’d expected. But before I left the room, I was stopped by my grandfather's loud voice. ‘Now hold on just a minute.’I heard him say. ‘Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to learn to do things for himself.’”“我想爬上石墙。”我说。“天,不!你会伤到自己的!”大家的反应和我预料的一样。但在我离开房间之前，我被祖父的大声的声音打断了。“现在请稍等一下。”我听见他说。“让孩子爬上石墙。他必须学会自己做事。”可推知，祖父是一个非常开明的人。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“There's only one person in this whole world like you,‘ the kids will hear me say, ’and people can like you exactly as you are.”这个世界上只有一个人喜欢你，”孩子们会听到我说，“人们会喜欢真实的你。”结合作者与祖父之间的故事可知，本文主要围绕着“做你自己就好”这一主题。故选C。
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．D
15．D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有证据表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查段落大意。根据第二段“Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with several small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees ‘went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, though there seems to be no apparent cause to drive them to do so.’”伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究人员进行了一项实验，他们设置了一个容器，让蜜蜂从巢中移动到喂食区。但在途中，蜜蜂可以选择通过一个有几个小木球的单独区域。在18天的时间里，科学家们观察到蜜蜂“不断地滚动木球，尽管似乎没有明显的原因驱使它们这样做。”可知，第二段主要是对实验的描述。故选C。
13．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with several small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, though there seems to be no”但在途中，蜜蜂可以选择通过一个有几个小木球的单独区域。在18天的时间里，科学家们观察到蜜蜂“不断地滚动木球，尽管似乎没有；以及“cause to drive them to do so”驱使他们这么做的原因。可知，此处表示“尽管似乎没有明显的原因驱使它们这样做”，划线词apparent的意思是“明显的”，和意思相近，故选A。
14．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This study provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more advanced than we might imagine”这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维比我们想象的要先进得多。可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到昆虫的大脑比我们想象的要发达。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This sort of finding has led to our understanding of insects and will, hopefully, encourage us to respect and protect life on earth ever more”这一发现使我们对昆虫有了更多的了解，并有望鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的生命。可知，Samadi Galpayage会同意的是这一发现增进了我们对生物的理解。故选D。
【答案】16．C；17．E；18．G；19．A；20．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对如何保持健康幸福提出了几条建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“Get enough sleep”保证充足的睡眠，可知，这一段主要介绍充足睡眠的好处，所以结尾句也必然与睡眠有关。 C. So make sure you go to sleep earlier. “所以确保早睡”符合语境。故选C。
17．根据空前“Drink plenty of water. ”多喝水；以及空后“The benefits of water are amazing. ”水的好处是惊人的。可知，本段所给建议为多喝水。后一句主要介绍多喝水都有哪些好处，所以空处表明喝水对身体是有好处的。 E. Water is good for everything in your body. “水对你身体里的一切都有好处。”符合语境。E项中的Water 是前文water的复现。而“is good for ”和下文的benefit相呼应。故选E。
18．根据空前“Instead, if you feel so hurt, you prefer to stay away from that friend. ”相反，如果你感到如此受伤，你宁愿远离那个朋友；以及空后“Respect your friend from a good perspective."从好的角度尊重你的朋友,可知，如果你的朋友伤害了你，你可以远离他，但是也要从从好的角度尊重你的朋友，可以判定前后为转折关系。G. However, don't show him that you don't like him.“然而，不要向他表明你不喜欢他。”符合语境，可以承上启下。故选G。
19．根据空后“Help your mom do the dishes, help out your dad in the kitchen, clean your room, or do anything that could help your family”帮你妈妈洗碗，帮你爸爸做饭，打扫房间，或者做任何能帮助你家人的事。可知，本段所给建议为在家帮助父母干点活、做做家务。 A. Help out your family. “帮助你的家人”适合作本段的主旨大意句。故选A。
20．根据空前“Have goals.”有目标；以及“If you can dream it, you can achieve it.”如果你能梦想，你就能实现，可知，这一段是关于设立目标并梦想着去实现目标。 D. Of course keep goals and dreams realistic. “保持你的目标和梦想现实。”符合语境。D项中的goals and dreams对前文的这些单词进行了复现。故选D。
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．B；29．A；30．C；31．A；32．B；33．C；34．B；35．A
【知识点】夹叙夹议；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了老师拿一杯水给学生们上课，告诉学生们不要背负太多负担，要轻松面对生活，才能够继续前进。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：当她举起一杯水时，班上每个人都预计自己会被问到“水是半满还是半空”的问题。A. knew“知道”；B. agreed“同意”；C. expected“预计”；D. argued“争论”。根据空后“they would be asked the ‘half-empty or half-full’ question”可知，学生们预计会被问这样的问题，故选C。
22．句意：相反，她面带微笑地问学生们：“你们认为这杯水有多重？”A. Instead“相反”；B. Meanwhile“同时”；C. Besides“另外”；D. Therefore“因此”。根据空后“she asked the students，‘How 3 do you think this glass of water weighs ’”可知，问的问题和上文学生们想的不一样，空格处意为“相反”，故选A。
23．句意：相反，她面带微笑地问学生们：“你们认为这杯水有多重？”A. full“满的”；B. little“少的”；C. heavy“重的”；D. much“很多”。根据空后“this glass of water weighs”可知，用来提问数量的，一般不可数名词用how much提问，故选D。
24．句意：被喊出来的答案从100g到300g不等。A. replied“回答”；B. ranged“变动”；C. read“读”；D. remained“保持”。根据空后“from 100ml to 300ml”，可知此处是指变动范围，故选B。
25．句意：重量无关紧要。A. weight“重量”；B. height“高度”；C. volume“音量”；D. size“尺寸”。根据下文“I hold it，the heavier it becomes”可知，此处说的是水的重量不变，也就是“重量无关紧要”，故选A。
26．句意：这取决于你拿它多长时间。A. holds“举起”；B. calls“打电话”；C. takes“拿”；D. depends“取决于”。根据下文“If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right”可知，老师要说的是水的重量取决于你拿多久，故选D。
27．句意：如果我拿着它一个小时，我的右臂就会疼痛。A. finger“手指”；B. foot“脚”；C. arm“胳膊”；D. leg“腿”。根据下文“If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel numb”可知是arm的复现，故选C。
28．句意：在每种情况下，这杯水的重量都没有变化，但我拿得越久，它就变得越重。A. higher“更高的”；B. longer“更久的”；C. deeper“更深的”；D. further“更远的”。根据上文“If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb”可知，水拿得越久，水就变得越重，故选B。
29．句意：所有的学生都陷入了沉思，保持沉默，认真地听教授讲课。A. thought“想法”；B. idea“主意”；C. plan“计划”；D. class“班级”。根据空后“all the students kept silent”可知是陷入沉思，lost in thought，固定短语，“陷入沉思”，故选A。
30．句意：我们生活中的压力和忧虑就像那杯水。A. doubts“怀疑”；B. joys“喜悦”；C. stresses“压力”；D. surprises“惊喜”。根据空后“worries”可知应该是压力，故选C。
31．句意：如果我们一直背负着沉重的负担，我们迟早会感到筋疲力尽。A. carry“携带”；B. cover“遮盖”；C. hide“隐藏”；D. show“表明”。根据空后“our burdens (负担) all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted”可知是一直背负着负担，迟早会感到筋疲力尽，空格处意为“携带”，故选A。
32．句意：你要做的就是在晚上尽可能早地放下你所有的负担。A. late“晚"；B. early“早”；C. soon“很快”；D. fast“迅速地”。根据下文“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知，是尽可能早地放下负担，故选B。
33．句意：这样，我们第二天早上就能精神焕发，继续前进。A. reset“重置”；B. reviewed“检查”；C. refreshed“使精神抖擞”；D. reminded“提醒”。根据空后“are able to move forward”可知，应该是恢复精神符合语境，故选C。
34．句意：当你放下负担的那一刻，你会发现自己放松了很多。A. catch up with“赶上”；B. let go of“释放”；C. put up with“忍受”；D. take care of“照顾”。根据空后“you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed”可知是释放负担，故选B。
35．句意：因此，与其为自己感到沮丧和难过，不如开始做点什么。A. upset“难过的”；B. satisfied“满意的”；C. bored“无聊的”；D. confused“糊涂的”。根据空后“and sorry”可知，空格处是和sorry意思相近的upset，此处表示“与其为自己感到沮丧和难过，不如开始做点什么”，故选A。
【答案】36．oldest；37．places；38．the；39．when；40．to；41．their；42．eating；43．usually；44．has dropped；45．to protect
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了仅存于新西兰海岸附近的岛屿上的，地球上最古老的动物之一鳄蜥的过去和现状。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，名词，冠词，状语从句，介词，代词，非谓语动词，副词，时态，以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：它们是世界上最古老的动物之一。根据空前的one of the，设空处应用形容词的最高级形式oldest，作名词animals的前置定语。故填oldest。
37．句意：那时，世界上有很多鳄蜥，但在大多数地方，它们大约在100万年前灭绝了，因为其他更强壮的动物发展起来，成为了鳄蜥杀手。place为可数名词，空前为most，故设空处应用名词复数places。故填places。
38．句意：与此同时，新西兰与世界其他地方分离了，所以蜥蜴继续生活在新西兰。at the same time，固定短语，“同时”，设空处应用定冠词the。故填the。
39．句意：土鬣蜥是冷血动物，所以你摸它们时它们会觉得冷。根据句意，应用连接词when引导时间状语从句，作状语。故填when。
40．句意：它们可以长到24厘米长，体重超过1公斤。up to，后接数量词，“多达”。设空处应用介词to。故填to。
41．句意：土蜥在地上的洞里筑它们的巢。根据空后的名词homes，设空处应用形容词性物主代词their，作前置定语。故填their。
42．句意：它们经常与鸟类共用洞穴，这对鸟类来说不是一个好主意，因为大鳄蜥喜欢吃蛋和幼鸟。此处考查be fond of，后接动名词eating，作of的宾语。故填eating。
43．句意：事实上，它们会吃任何能抓到的东西，但通常它们吃昆虫。修饰句子应用副词，usual的副词为usually，作状语，故填usually。
44．句意：自一千年前人类和其他动物来到新西兰以来，鳄蜥的数量下降了。根据时间状语since people and other animals came to New Zealand one thousand years ago可知，设空处为主句的谓语，应用现在完成时，主语为The number，为单数，故助动词为has。故填has dropped。
45．句意：在新西兰，项目已经被建立以保护它们。设空处考查动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to protect。
46．【答案】which/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢李白写的诗。 were written by Li Bai 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the poems ，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which/that ，故填 which/that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which/that引导的限制性定语从句。
47．【答案】that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我们拍过的最好的关于友谊的电影。 we have ever made about friendship 是限制性定语从句，先行词是the best film，含有形容词最高级，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
48．【答案】whose
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：她有一个哥哥，我记不起他的名字了。 name I can't remember 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 a brother ，在从句中作定语，修饰名词name，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的限制性定语从句。
49．【答案】that/ who/ whom
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们昨天拜访的那位老人是我们的校长。 we visited yesterday 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 The old man ，指人，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 that/ who/ whom ，故填 that/ who/ whom 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及 that/ who/ whom 引导的限制性定语从句。
50．【答案】which/ that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲建的房子在那边。 was built by my father 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 The house ，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which/ that ，故填 which/ that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 which/ that 引导的限制性定语从句。
51．【答案】who
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：想参加学校运动会的人必须在这里签名。 want to take part in the school sports meeting 是限制性定语从句，先行词是代词Those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句。
52．【答案】which/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我们去年参观的工厂。 we visited last year 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the factory ，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 which/that ，故填 which/that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 which/that 引导的限制性定语从句。
53．【答案】where
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这是你父亲工作的工厂吗？ your father works 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the factory，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填 where 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
54．【答案】when
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我记得我第一次来大学的那一天。 I first came to the college 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the day ，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when，故填when。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。
55．【答案】which/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：你还记得我们在乡下一起度过的日子吗？ we spent together in the countryside 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the days ，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 which/that ，故填 which/that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which/that 引导的限制性定语从句。
56．【答案】attitude
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：米卢经常说“态度就是一切”，以鼓励球员投入更多。根据句意和首字母，应用 attitude “态度”，不可数名词，此处作主语，故填 attitude 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
57．【答案】equally
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：在面试中，男性和女性应该受到平等对待。根据句意和首字母，应用 equally “平等地”，此处副词修饰谓语动词 be treated ，故填 equally 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
58．【答案】normal
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：当孩子们离开家到其他城市工作时，老年人感到孤独是很正常的。根据句意和首字母，应用 normal ，“正常的”，此处形容词作表语，故填 normal 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
59．【答案】Unfortunately
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：不幸的是，她的婚姻岌岌可危。此处副词作状语，结合下文 her marriage is on the rocks ，可知此处指“不幸的是”，故填 Unfortunately 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰整个句子。
60．【答案】recovery
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他的父亲已从手术中完全康复。“ 康复 ”应用 recovery ，此处名词作宾语，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填 recovery 。
【点评】考查名词，本本题涉及名词作宾语。
61．【答案】admire
【知识点】一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：作为一个音乐爱好者，我真的很欣赏她的歌唱技巧。“钦佩，欣赏”应用 admire ，此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 admire 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般现在时。
62．【答案】exploded
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：她泪流满面，然后在他面前怒不可遏。此处是谓语动词，与 burst 并列，应用一般过去时，故填 exploded 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
63．【答案】angrily
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他愤怒地瞪着她，但一句话也没说。此处副词修饰谓语动词 glared，作状语，故填 angrily 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
64．【答案】effective
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：电视是一种有效的通讯手段。此处形容词修饰名词 means，作定语，故填 effective。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
65．【答案】ignore
【知识点】实义动词；祈使句
【解析】【分析】句意：不要忽视孩子的情绪变化，因为它们可能是问题的迹象。根据句意和首字母，应用 ignore “忽视”，此句是祈使句，应用动词原形，故填 ignore 。
【点评】考查名词，掌握 ignore 的应用以及祈使句。
66．【答案】sight
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：无论我们是步行上学还是周末出去玩，我们几乎都不会离开彼此的视线。根据句意应用名词 sight，out of one's sight 固定短语，“看不见，视野之外”，故填 sight 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语out of one's sight 。
67．【答案】loss
【知识点】固定短语；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这种情况下的压力让我很难受，我不知道下一步该怎么做。根据句意，应用名词loss，at a loss，固定短语，“不知所措”，故填loss。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语at a loss。
68．【答案】out
【知识点】固定短语；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：然后，她在上午的体育课上晕倒了，被紧急送往医院。根据句意应用副词out，pass out，固定短语，“晕倒”，故填out。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语pass out。
69．【答案】concentrating
【知识点】固定短语；动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：她告诉我她上课时注意力不集中。have trouble doing，固定短语，“做……有困难”，故填concentrating 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语have trouble doing。
70．【答案】against
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：他们还警告他们不要使用这种极端的方法。warn sb. against 固定短语，“警告某人不要做......”，故填 against 。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语warn sb. against 。
71．【答案】略
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以中学生李华的身份给Amy 写一封回信。写作背景：你的美国笔友Amy最近因身材问题而烦恼, 想通过节食来减肥。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）写信的目的；2）你对节食的态度以及节食的危害（至上写两点）；3）就健康的减肥方法提三点以上的建议。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并结合提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
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湖南省株洲市炎陵县2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Four Best Hikes in the World
There's nothing like getting out and getting some fresh air on a hike. No matter whether your idea of a hike is a leisure walk or climbing the highest mountain on Earth, we've got you covered. Below are four best hikes in the world.
Torres del Paine W Circuit
Location (位置): Patagonia. Chile
Distance: 37 + miles
Time: 5~6 days
Best time to go: October to January
The W Circuit is one of the most recommended hikes you'll find. Not only will you appreciate the diverse landscapes and striking granite pillars (花岗岩柱子), but you'll probably meet some new friends along the way.
Grand Canyon Rim - to - Rim Hike
Location: Arizona, the United States
Distance: 48 miles
Time: 1~3 days
Best time to go: May to June, September to October
There's no better way to experience one of the greatest wonders in the world. Located in one of the USA's most beautiful parks, the views are absolutely appealing. Just make sure you're prepared for the challenge.
Trek to Petra
Location: Jordan
Distance: 47 miles
Time: 5~ 6 days
Best time to go: October to April
Take the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and experience one of the seven wonders of the world. Hike through canyons, gorges and ridges, and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists.
Yosemite Grand Traverse
Location: California, the United States
Distance: 60 miles
Time: 6~7 days
Best time to go: July to September
Known for some of the best hiking in the world, Yosemite National Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia (红杉) trees. Praised by National Geographic, the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.
1．Which of the following is the best time for the hike in Patagonia, Chile
A．April. B．May. C．August. D．December.
2．Where should you go for a less crowded hike
A．Jordan. B．Patagonia, Chile.
C．Arizona, the United States. D．California, the United States.
3．What can you do along the Yosemite Grand Traverse
A．Plant sequoia trees. B．Appreciate waterfalls.
C．Visit local temples. D．Climb granite pillars.
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了世界上最好的四个适合远足的地方。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据 Torres del Paine W Circuit 部分中的“Best time to go: October to January”最佳时间：10月至1月，可知12月份也是最佳的旅游时间，故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据 Trek to Petra 部分中的“ and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists. ”沿途可以看到陵墓和寺庙，同时避免游客聚集。可知去约旦的旅行不会太拥挤，故选A。
3．考查推理判断。根据 Yosemite Grand Traverse 部分中的“ the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops. ”the Yosemite Grand Traverse将带您穿越瀑布和绿色的山顶。可知你可以沿着沿着the Yosemite Grand Traverse欣赏瀑布，故选B。
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
When I was in my fourth year of teaching, I was also（and am still）a high
school track and field coach（田径教练）. One year, I had a
student, John, who entered my class when he was a junior. John changed to our
school from Greece, and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him
to join our track team. I explained to him that even though he had never taken
part in it before, I did believe that he could do well in any event, and that I
would be willing to coach him in whichever ones interested him. He accepted the
offer, and began to work hard at every practice.
About a month later, I had found out from other sources that John
was a first-class tennis player, winning various junior awards in his home
country. I went to him asking, "John, I really appreciate that you came
out for the track team, but why didn't you play tennis instead It seems that
would interest you a lot more, since you're so good at it."John answered,
"Well, I like tennis, but you told me that you believed in me, and that
you thought I could do well in track, so I wanted to try it for that reason."
From then on, I often remember my student's reply. I told it to a friend and
she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers. No matter
how critical（挑别的）students can
be of themselves, I've found that a simple "I trust that you can do it!
"can go a long way!
4．According to Paragraph 1, what did the author seem to think more about
A．John's PE marks. B．John's self-confidence.
C．John's interest in sports. D．John's state of health.
5．Why did John take part in the track team
A．He had been an excellent runner.
B．He was encouraged by his teacher
C．He liked running more than tennis.
D．He had no tennis coach to train him.
6．What's the purpose of this passage
A．To build a close teacher-student relationship.
B．To introduce a new way of sports training.
C．To explain the value of sports.
D．To show the importance of encouragement.
7．Who is the passage mainly written for
A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Students. D．Players.
【答案】4．C
5．B
6．D
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者鼓励他的学生John加入田径队，大约一个月后作者发现John曾是一流的网球运动员。但John却因为作者的鼓励坚持留在田径队训练。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“and seemed to be interested in sports, so I encouraged him to join our track team”可知，John似乎对体育感兴趣，因此作者鼓励他参加田径队，说明作者考虑更多的是John在运动方面的兴趣，故选C。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“John answered, Well, I like tennis, but you told me that you believed in me, and that you thought I could do well in track, so I wanted to try it for that reason.”约翰回答说：嗯，我喜欢网球，但你告诉我你相信我，你认为我可以在赛道上做得很好，所以出于这个原因我想试试。可知，John参加田径队的原因是作者鼓励了他，故选B。
6．考查写作意图。根据第一段中的“I've found that a simple ‘I trust that you can do it!’ can go a long way”我发现，一句简单的“我相信你能做到！”就能起到很大的作用！可知，这篇文章是为了说明鼓励的重要性，故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I told it to a friend and she suggested I write it down to share somewhere with more teachers”我把它告诉了一个朋友，她建议我把它写下来，分享给更多的老师。可推知，这篇文章主要是写给老师的，故选A。
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
As a child, there was
nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons at my grandfather's farm in
western Pennsylvania. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls, the house and
field provided endless hours of fun for a city kid like me.
Since my first visit
to the farm, I had wanted more than anything to be allowed to climb the stone
walls surrounding the houses. My parents would never agree because the walls
were so old that some stones were loose and falling. However, my idea to climb
across those walls grew so strong that finally I had all my courage to enter
the living room, where the adults had gathered after Sunday dinner.
"I want to climb
the stone walls." I said. "Heavens, no! You'll hurt yourself!"
The response was just as I'd expected. But before I left the room, I was
stopped by my grandfather's loud voice. "Now hold on just a minute."I
heard him say. "Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to learn to do
things for himself."
"Go," he
said to me, "and come and see me when you get back." For the next two
and a half hours I climbed those old walls—and had the time of my life. Later I
met with my grandfather to tell him about my adventures. I'll never forget what
he said. "Fred," he said, smiling, "you made this day a special
day just by being yourself. Always remember, there's only one person in this
whole world like you, and I like you exactly as you are."
Many years have passed
since then, and today I host the television program Mister Rogers'
Neighborhood, seen by millions of children throughout America. There have been
changes over the years, but one thing remains the same: my message to children
at the end of almost every visit. "There's only one person in this whole
world like you," the kids will hear me say, "and people can like you
exactly as you are."
8．Why did the writer enjoy his visits to the farm
A．There were old stone houses.
B．He could experience new fun there.
C．He missed his grandfather.
D．He was allowed to climb the stone walls.
9．Which of the following statements is true
A．The writer didn't expect his parents' disagreement with his climbing the walls.
B．The writer didn't know the possible danger of the stone walls.
C．The writer's grandfather backed him up to follow his own heart.
D．The writer became a TV program host due to his grandfather's influence.
10．Which word can be used to describe the grandfather
A．Adventurous. B．Open-minded. C．Tricky. D．Stubborn.
11．Which is probably the best title for the text
A．Unforgettable Childhood. B．Do Whatever You Like.
C．Just Be Yourself. D．Like grandfather, like grandson.
【答案】8．B
9．C
10．B
11．C
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候在乡村的经历。作者小时候很喜欢在祖父的农田上玩，并且渴望爬上围绕着农田的石墙。虽然大人们害怕爬墙会让作者伤到自己，但是祖父同意了。作者从自己的经历里面悟出一个道理：我们要做真实的自我。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查细节理解。根据第一段“As a child, there was nothing I liked better than Sunday afternoons at my grandfather's farm in western Pennsylvania. Surrounded by miles of winding stone walls, the house and field provided endless hours of fun for a city kid like me.”当我还是个孩子的时候，没有什么比在宾夕法尼亚州西部祖父的农场里度过周日下午更让我喜欢的了。房子和田地被绵延数英里的蜿蜒石墙环绕着，为像我这样的城市孩子提供了无尽的乐趣。可知，作者喜欢去农场是因为他可以在那里体验到新的乐趣。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Fred,’ he said, smiling, ‘you made this day a special day just by being yourself. Always remember, there's only one person in this whole world like you, and I like you exactly as you are.’”“弗雷德，”他微笑着说，“你做了你自己，使今天成为一个特别的日子。永远记住，这个世界上只有一个人喜欢你，我喜欢真实的你。”可知，作者的祖父支持他遵从自己的内心。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据第三段“‘I want to climb the stone walls.’ I said. ‘Heavens, no! You’ll hurt yourself!’ The response was just as I’d expected. But before I left the room, I was stopped by my grandfather's loud voice. ‘Now hold on just a minute.’I heard him say. ‘Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to learn to do things for himself.’”“我想爬上石墙。”我说。“天,不!你会伤到自己的!”大家的反应和我预料的一样。但在我离开房间之前，我被祖父的大声的声音打断了。“现在请稍等一下。”我听见他说。“让孩子爬上石墙。他必须学会自己做事。”可推知，祖父是一个非常开明的人。故选B。
11．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“There's only one person in this whole world like you,‘ the kids will hear me say, ’and people can like you exactly as you are.”这个世界上只有一个人喜欢你，”孩子们会听到我说，“人们会喜欢真实的你。”结合作者与祖父之间的故事可知，本文主要围绕着“做你自己就好”这一主题。故选C。
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
When put to the test, bees have proved over and over again that
they've got a lot more to offer than making honey and now some scientists say
there's proof that they also like to play. A study recently published in Animal Behavior suggests that
bumblebees, when given the chance, like to fool around with toys.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment
in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to
a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a
separate section with several small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists
watched as the bees "went out of their way to roll wooden balls
repeatedly, though there seems to be no apparent cause to drive them to
do so."
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with
inanimate (无生命的) objects as
a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seemed to be more playful
than adult bees. "Previous research has shown that there are lots of
animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from
young mammals and birds. This study provides a strong indication that insect
minds are far more advanced than we might imagine," Lars Chittka, who led
the study, said.
The study's first author, Samadi Galpayage, who is a PhD student
at Queen Mary University, added that it is the evidence that insects may be
able to experience feelings. "They can actually experience some kind of
positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger fluffy (覆有绒毛的) animals do. This sort of finding has led
to our understanding of insects and will, hopefully, encourage us to respect
and protect life on earth ever more," she said in the statement.
12．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The conclusion of the research.
B．The assumption（假设）about the bees.
C．The description of the experiment.
D．The reasons for conducting the experiment.
13．What does the underlined word "apparent" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Clear. B．Preventable. C．Horrible. D．Different.
14．What can we learn from the study
A．Birds like to fool around with toys.
B．Toys are more enjoyable to adult bees.
C．Humans seldom interact with lifeless objects for fun.
D．Insect minds are better developed than we thought.
15．Which statement will Samadi Galpayage agree to
A．Insects experience the same emotions as humans do.
B．Fluffy animals fail to show positive emotional states.
C．More work is needed to protect endangered life on earth.
D．The finding improves our understanding of living things.
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．D
15．D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有证据表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查段落大意。根据第二段“Researchers from Queen Mary University of London conducted an experiment in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with several small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees ‘went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, though there seems to be no apparent cause to drive them to do so.’”伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究人员进行了一项实验，他们设置了一个容器，让蜜蜂从巢中移动到喂食区。但在途中，蜜蜂可以选择通过一个有几个小木球的单独区域。在18天的时间里，科学家们观察到蜜蜂“不断地滚动木球，尽管似乎没有明显的原因驱使它们这样做。”可知，第二段主要是对实验的描述。故选C。
13．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with several small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, though there seems to be no”但在途中，蜜蜂可以选择通过一个有几个小木球的单独区域。在18天的时间里，科学家们观察到蜜蜂“不断地滚动木球，尽管似乎没有；以及“cause to drive them to do so”驱使他们这么做的原因。可知，此处表示“尽管似乎没有明显的原因驱使它们这样做”，划线词apparent的意思是“明显的”，和意思相近，故选A。
14．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“This study provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more advanced than we might imagine”这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维比我们想象的要先进得多。可知，我们能从这项研究中了解到昆虫的大脑比我们想象的要发达。故选D。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This sort of finding has led to our understanding of insects and will, hopefully, encourage us to respect and protect life on earth ever more”这一发现使我们对昆虫有了更多的了解，并有望鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的生命。可知，Samadi Galpayage会同意的是这一发现增进了我们对生物的理解。故选D。
二、任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be Healthy and Happy We all want to be healthy, happy, free of stress and more productive in life.
1 Get enough sleep. It not only keeps you healthy but also you will be happier. It is said that "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." 16． .
2 Drink plenty of water. 17． . The benefits of water are amazing. Water helps keep your skin clear, leaving you feeling happier and better about your body. Water is just simply an amazing source in itself for your overall health. Try to drink 8 glasses a day.
3 Smile and laugh. Don't get sad over small problems or take any joke seriously which hurts you. Instead, if you feel so hurt, you prefer to stay away from that friend. 18． . Respect your friend from a good perspective. Smile and laugh all the time and you will be happy.
4 19． . Help your mom do the dishes, help out your dad in the kitchen, clean your room, or do anything that could help your family. It will not only make them love you more, but you will feel happy knowing you have done good even if you moved out twenty years ago and are a father yourself.
5 Have goals. Always believe you can achieve. If you can dream it, you can achieve it, no matter what. 20． . Organization plays a very important role in achieving goals, so organize yourself.
A. Help out your family. B. Don't get in touch with him/her. C. So make sure you go to sleep earlier. D. Of course keep goals and dreams realistic. E. Water is good for everything in your body. F. The majority of our body is made up of water. G. However, don't show him that you don't like him.
【答案】16．C；17．E；18．G；19．A；20．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对如何保持健康幸福提出了几条建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“Get enough sleep”保证充足的睡眠，可知，这一段主要介绍充足睡眠的好处，所以结尾句也必然与睡眠有关。 C. So make sure you go to sleep earlier. “所以确保早睡”符合语境。故选C。
17．根据空前“Drink plenty of water. ”多喝水；以及空后“The benefits of water are amazing. ”水的好处是惊人的。可知，本段所给建议为多喝水。后一句主要介绍多喝水都有哪些好处，所以空处表明喝水对身体是有好处的。 E. Water is good for everything in your body. “水对你身体里的一切都有好处。”符合语境。E项中的Water 是前文water的复现。而“is good for ”和下文的benefit相呼应。故选E。
18．根据空前“Instead, if you feel so hurt, you prefer to stay away from that friend. ”相反，如果你感到如此受伤，你宁愿远离那个朋友；以及空后“Respect your friend from a good perspective."从好的角度尊重你的朋友,可知，如果你的朋友伤害了你，你可以远离他，但是也要从从好的角度尊重你的朋友，可以判定前后为转折关系。G. However, don't show him that you don't like him.“然而，不要向他表明你不喜欢他。”符合语境，可以承上启下。故选G。
19．根据空后“Help your mom do the dishes, help out your dad in the kitchen, clean your room, or do anything that could help your family”帮你妈妈洗碗，帮你爸爸做饭，打扫房间，或者做任何能帮助你家人的事。可知，本段所给建议为在家帮助父母干点活、做做家务。 A. Help out your family. “帮助你的家人”适合作本段的主旨大意句。故选A。
20．根据空前“Have goals.”有目标；以及“If you can dream it, you can achieve it.”如果你能梦想，你就能实现，可知，这一段是关于设立目标并梦想着去实现目标。 D. Of course keep goals and dreams realistic. “保持你的目标和梦想现实。”符合语境。D项中的goals and dreams对前文的这些单词进行了复现。故选D。
三、完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分)
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B, C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress
management. As she raised a glass of water, everyone in the class 21． they would be asked the "half-empty
or half-full" question.
22． , with a
smile on her face, she asked the students, "How 23． do you think this glass of water weighs "
Answers called out 24． from 100g to 300g. She quieted the
students down and then replied, "It does not matter on the 25． . It 26． on how long you hold it. If I hold it for
a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right 27． .If I hold it for a day, my
arm will feel numb. In each case, the weight of the glass of water doesn't
change, but the 28． I
hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why "
Lost in 29． ,
all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully.
"Our 30． and
worries in life are like that glass of water. If we 31． our burdens(负担) all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted."
What you have to do is put all your burdens down, as 32． in the evening as possible. Don't carry
them through the evening into the night; by doing this, we can get 33． next morning and are able to move forward."
"More often than not, life gets terrible when we think too
much. And the moment you 34． your
burdens, you'll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed."
"So rather than feeling 35． and sorry for yourself, start doing
something about it. After all, life is too short to waste on anything that is
not making you happy."
21．A．knew B．agreed C．expected D．argued
22．A．Instead B．Meanwhile C．Besides D．Therefore
23．A．full B．little C．heavy D．much
24．A．replied B．ranged C．read D．remained
25．A．weight B．height C．volume D．size
26．A．holds B．calls C．takes D．depends
27．A．finger B．foot C．arm D．leg
28．A．higher B．longer C．deeper D．further
29．A．thought B．idea C．plan D．class
30．A．doubts B．joys C．stresses D．surprises
31．A．carry B．cover C．hide D．show
32．A．late B．early C．soon D．fast
33．A．reset B．reviewed C．refreshed D．reminded
34．A．catch up with B．let
go of C．put up with D．take care of
35．A．upset B．satisfied C．bored D．confused
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．B；29．A；30．C；31．A；32．B；33．C；34．B；35．A
【知识点】夹叙夹议；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了老师拿一杯水给学生们上课，告诉学生们不要背负太多负担，要轻松面对生活，才能够继续前进。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：当她举起一杯水时，班上每个人都预计自己会被问到“水是半满还是半空”的问题。A. knew“知道”；B. agreed“同意”；C. expected“预计”；D. argued“争论”。根据空后“they would be asked the ‘half-empty or half-full’ question”可知，学生们预计会被问这样的问题，故选C。
22．句意：相反，她面带微笑地问学生们：“你们认为这杯水有多重？”A. Instead“相反”；B. Meanwhile“同时”；C. Besides“另外”；D. Therefore“因此”。根据空后“she asked the students，‘How 3 do you think this glass of water weighs ’”可知，问的问题和上文学生们想的不一样，空格处意为“相反”，故选A。
23．句意：相反，她面带微笑地问学生们：“你们认为这杯水有多重？”A. full“满的”；B. little“少的”；C. heavy“重的”；D. much“很多”。根据空后“this glass of water weighs”可知，用来提问数量的，一般不可数名词用how much提问，故选D。
24．句意：被喊出来的答案从100g到300g不等。A. replied“回答”；B. ranged“变动”；C. read“读”；D. remained“保持”。根据空后“from 100ml to 300ml”，可知此处是指变动范围，故选B。
25．句意：重量无关紧要。A. weight“重量”；B. height“高度”；C. volume“音量”；D. size“尺寸”。根据下文“I hold it，the heavier it becomes”可知，此处说的是水的重量不变，也就是“重量无关紧要”，故选A。
26．句意：这取决于你拿它多长时间。A. holds“举起”；B. calls“打电话”；C. takes“拿”；D. depends“取决于”。根据下文“If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my right”可知，老师要说的是水的重量取决于你拿多久，故选D。
27．句意：如果我拿着它一个小时，我的右臂就会疼痛。A. finger“手指”；B. foot“脚”；C. arm“胳膊”；D. leg“腿”。根据下文“If I hold it for a day，my arm will feel numb”可知是arm的复现，故选C。
28．句意：在每种情况下，这杯水的重量都没有变化，但我拿得越久，它就变得越重。A. higher“更高的”；B. longer“更久的”；C. deeper“更深的”；D. further“更远的”。根据上文“If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb”可知，水拿得越久，水就变得越重，故选B。
29．句意：所有的学生都陷入了沉思，保持沉默，认真地听教授讲课。A. thought“想法”；B. idea“主意”；C. plan“计划”；D. class“班级”。根据空后“all the students kept silent”可知是陷入沉思，lost in thought，固定短语，“陷入沉思”，故选A。
30．句意：我们生活中的压力和忧虑就像那杯水。A. doubts“怀疑”；B. joys“喜悦”；C. stresses“压力”；D. surprises“惊喜”。根据空后“worries”可知应该是压力，故选C。
31．句意：如果我们一直背负着沉重的负担，我们迟早会感到筋疲力尽。A. carry“携带”；B. cover“遮盖”；C. hide“隐藏”；D. show“表明”。根据空后“our burdens (负担) all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted”可知是一直背负着负担，迟早会感到筋疲力尽，空格处意为“携带”，故选A。
32．句意：你要做的就是在晚上尽可能早地放下你所有的负担。A. late“晚"；B. early“早”；C. soon“很快”；D. fast“迅速地”。根据下文“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知，是尽可能早地放下负担，故选B。
33．句意：这样，我们第二天早上就能精神焕发，继续前进。A. reset“重置”；B. reviewed“检查”；C. refreshed“使精神抖擞”；D. reminded“提醒”。根据空后“are able to move forward”可知，应该是恢复精神符合语境，故选C。
34．句意：当你放下负担的那一刻，你会发现自己放松了很多。A. catch up with“赶上”；B. let go of“释放”；C. put up with“忍受”；D. take care of“照顾”。根据空后“you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed”可知是释放负担，故选B。
35．句意：因此，与其为自己感到沮丧和难过，不如开始做点什么。A. upset“难过的”；B. satisfied“满意的”；C. bored“无聊的”；D. confused“糊涂的”。根据空后“and sorry”可知，空格处是和sorry意思相近的upset，此处表示“与其为自己感到沮丧和难过，不如开始做点什么”，故选A。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tuatara (鳄蜥) can only be found on the islands off the coast of New Zealand. And they are one of the 36． (old) animals in the world. They were on the earth 220 million years ago. At that time, there were a lot of tuatara all over the world, but in most 37． (place) they died out about one million years ago because other stronger animals developed and became tuatara killers. At 38． same time, New Zealand became separated from the rest of the world, so tuatara have continued to live in New Zealand.
Tuatara are cold blooded animals so they feel cold 39． you touch them. They can grow up 40． 24 centimeters in length (长度) and weigh more than 1 kilogram. Tuatara make 41． (they) homes in holes in the ground. They often share their holes with birds, which is not a good idea for the birds because tuatara are fond of 42． (eat) eggs and baby birds. In fact, they will eat anything they can catch, but 43． (usual) they eat insects (昆虫)．
The number of tuatara 44． (drop) since people and other animals came to New Zealand one thousand years ago. Today, there aren't many tuatara left. In New Zealand, programs have been set up 45． (protect) them.
【答案】36．oldest；37．places；38．the；39．when；40．to；41．their；42．eating；43．usually；44．has dropped；45．to protect
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了仅存于新西兰海岸附近的岛屿上的，地球上最古老的动物之一鳄蜥的过去和现状。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，名词，冠词，状语从句，介词，代词，非谓语动词，副词，时态，以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：它们是世界上最古老的动物之一。根据空前的one of the，设空处应用形容词的最高级形式oldest，作名词animals的前置定语。故填oldest。
37．句意：那时，世界上有很多鳄蜥，但在大多数地方，它们大约在100万年前灭绝了，因为其他更强壮的动物发展起来，成为了鳄蜥杀手。place为可数名词，空前为most，故设空处应用名词复数places。故填places。
38．句意：与此同时，新西兰与世界其他地方分离了，所以蜥蜴继续生活在新西兰。at the same time，固定短语，“同时”，设空处应用定冠词the。故填the。
39．句意：土鬣蜥是冷血动物，所以你摸它们时它们会觉得冷。根据句意，应用连接词when引导时间状语从句，作状语。故填when。
40．句意：它们可以长到24厘米长，体重超过1公斤。up to，后接数量词，“多达”。设空处应用介词to。故填to。
41．句意：土蜥在地上的洞里筑它们的巢。根据空后的名词homes，设空处应用形容词性物主代词their，作前置定语。故填their。
42．句意：它们经常与鸟类共用洞穴，这对鸟类来说不是一个好主意，因为大鳄蜥喜欢吃蛋和幼鸟。此处考查be fond of，后接动名词eating，作of的宾语。故填eating。
43．句意：事实上，它们会吃任何能抓到的东西，但通常它们吃昆虫。修饰句子应用副词，usual的副词为usually，作状语，故填usually。
44．句意：自一千年前人类和其他动物来到新西兰以来，鳄蜥的数量下降了。根据时间状语since people and other animals came to New Zealand one thousand years ago可知，设空处为主句的谓语，应用现在完成时，主语为The number，为单数，故助动词为has。故填has dropped。
45．句意：在新西兰，项目已经被建立以保护它们。设空处考查动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to protect。
五、根据所学定语从句知识，用恰当的关系词填空。（每空1分, 共10分）
46．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）I love the poems were written by Li Bai.
【答案】which/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢李白写的诗。 were written by Li Bai 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the poems ，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which/that ，故填 which/that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which/that引导的限制性定语从句。
47．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）This is the best film we have ever made about friendship.
【答案】that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我们拍过的最好的关于友谊的电影。 we have ever made about friendship 是限制性定语从句，先行词是the best film，含有形容词最高级，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that，故填that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句。
48．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She has a brother name I can't remember.
【答案】whose
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：她有一个哥哥，我记不起他的名字了。 name I can't remember 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 a brother ，在从句中作定语，修饰名词name，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的限制性定语从句。
49．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）The old man we visited yesterday is our headmaster.
【答案】that/ who/ whom
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们昨天拜访的那位老人是我们的校长。 we visited yesterday 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 The old man ，指人，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 that/ who/ whom ，故填 that/ who/ whom 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及 that/ who/ whom 引导的限制性定语从句。
50．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）The house was built by my father is over there.
【答案】which/ that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲建的房子在那边。 was built by my father 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 The house ，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which/ that ，故填 which/ that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 which/ that 引导的限制性定语从句。
51．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Those want to take part in the school sports meeting must sign their name here.
【答案】who
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：想参加学校运动会的人必须在这里签名。 want to take part in the school sports meeting 是限制性定语从句，先行词是代词Those，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句。
52．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）This is the factory we visited last year.
【答案】which/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我们去年参观的工厂。 we visited last year 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the factory ，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 which/that ，故填 which/that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词 which/that 引导的限制性定语从句。
53．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Is this the factory your father works
【答案】where
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这是你父亲工作的工厂吗？ your father works 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the factory，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填 where 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
54．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）I remember the day I first came to the college.
【答案】when
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我记得我第一次来大学的那一天。 I first came to the college 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the day ，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when，故填when。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词when引导的限制性定语从句。
55．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Do you still remember the days we spent together in the countryside.
【答案】which/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：你还记得我们在乡下一起度过的日子吗？ we spent together in the countryside 是限制性定语从句，先行词是 the days ，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词 which/that ，故填 which/that 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词which/that 引导的限制性定语从句。
六、根据汉语提示，或首写字母，或用所给单词的正确形式完成句子。（每小题1分, 满分15分）
56．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Milu often said " A is everything." to encourage the players to devote more.
【答案】attitude
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：米卢经常说“态度就是一切”，以鼓励球员投入更多。根据句意和首字母，应用 attitude “态度”，不可数名词，此处作主语，故填 attitude 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
57．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Men and women should be treated (equal) in interviews.
【答案】equally
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：在面试中，男性和女性应该受到平等对待。根据句意和首字母，应用 equally “平等地”，此处副词修饰谓语动词 be treated ，故填 equally 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
58．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）It's n for senior citizens to feel lonely when children leave home to work in other cities.
【答案】normal
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：当孩子们离开家到其他城市工作时，老年人感到孤独是很正常的。根据句意和首字母，应用 normal ，“正常的”，此处形容词作表语，故填 normal 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
59．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考） (fortunate), her marriage is on the rocks.
【答案】Unfortunately
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：不幸的是，她的婚姻岌岌可危。此处副词作状语，结合下文 her marriage is on the rocks ，可知此处指“不幸的是”，故填 Unfortunately 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰整个句子。
60．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）His father has made a full (康复) from the operation.
【答案】recovery
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他的父亲已从手术中完全康复。“ 康复 ”应用 recovery ，此处名词作宾语，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填 recovery 。
【点评】考查名词，本本题涉及名词作宾语。
61．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）As a music lover, I really (钦佩，欣赏) her singing skills.
【答案】admire
【知识点】一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：作为一个音乐爱好者，我真的很欣赏她的歌唱技巧。“钦佩，欣赏”应用 admire ，此处是谓语动词，结合语境应用一般现在时，故填 admire 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般现在时。
62．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She burst into tears and then (explode) with anger in front of him.
【答案】exploded
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：她泪流满面，然后在他面前怒不可遏。此处是谓语动词，与 burst 并列，应用一般过去时，故填 exploded 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
63．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）He glared (anger) at her but did not say a word.
【答案】angrily
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他愤怒地瞪着她，但一句话也没说。此处副词修饰谓语动词 glared，作状语，故填 angrily 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
64．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Television is an （effect）means of communication.
【答案】effective
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：电视是一种有效的通讯手段。此处形容词修饰名词 means，作定语，故填 effective。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
65．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Don't i children's emotional changes as they can be a sign of problems.
【答案】ignore
【知识点】实义动词；祈使句
【解析】【分析】句意：不要忽视孩子的情绪变化，因为它们可能是问题的迹象。根据句意和首字母，应用 ignore “忽视”，此句是祈使句，应用动词原形，故填 ignore 。
【点评】考查名词，掌握 ignore 的应用以及祈使句。
七、根据课文内容填空（每空1分, 共5分）
66．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）Whether we are walking to school or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's .
【答案】sight
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：无论我们是步行上学还是周末出去玩，我们几乎都不会离开彼此的视线。根据句意应用名词 sight，out of one's sight 固定短语，“看不见，视野之外”，故填 sight 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语out of one's sight 。
67．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）The stress of this situation is killing me, and I'm at a what to do next.
【答案】loss
【知识点】固定短语；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这种情况下的压力让我很难受，我不知道下一步该怎么做。根据句意，应用名词loss，at a loss，固定短语，“不知所措”，故填loss。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语at a loss。
68．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She then passed in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to the hospital.
【答案】out
【知识点】固定短语；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：然后，她在上午的体育课上晕倒了，被紧急送往医院。根据句意应用副词out，pass out，固定短语，“晕倒”，故填out。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语pass out。
69．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）She told me she had trouble (concentrate) in class.
【答案】concentrating
【知识点】固定短语；动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：她告诉我她上课时注意力不集中。have trouble doing，固定短语，“做……有困难”，故填concentrating 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语have trouble doing。
70．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）They have also warned them using such extreme methods.
【答案】against
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：他们还警告他们不要使用这种极端的方法。warn sb. against 固定短语，“警告某人不要做......”，故填 against 。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语warn sb. against 。
八、应用文写作（满分15分）
71．（2023高一下·炎陵开学考）假设你是中学生李华，你的美国笔友Amy最近因身材问题而烦恼，想通过节食来减肥，请给Amy 写一封回信，要点如下：
1）写信的目的
2）你对节食的态度以及节食的危害（至上写两点）
3）就健康的减肥方法提三点以上的建议
注意：
1）写作词数应为100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Amy,
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】略
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以中学生李华的身份给Amy 写一封回信。写作背景：你的美国笔友Amy最近因身材问题而烦恼, 想通过节食来减肥。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）写信的目的；2）你对节食的态度以及节食的危害（至上写两点）；3）就健康的减肥方法提三点以上的建议。考生需要根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并结合提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
二一教育在线组卷平台（zujuan.21cnjy.com）自动生成 1 / 1
