外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature五年高考练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature五年高考练（含解析） |  | |
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Unit5 五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019 北京，D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue， depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial.
C. Significant.
D. Unnoticeable.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2015四川）
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year, I 1 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 2 coming up right to me for them. As the months went by，the rabbits saw that I was no 3 and didn’t escape. When I threw carrot slices (薄片), they even came for a nibble (啃). Slowly they came to 4 me，and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.
That second year, the rabbits 5 me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I was feeding them, I 6 that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an 7 interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long 8 , with a keen eye on those teeth, and 9 , there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching (津津有味地咀嚼）on carrots. A few months later，while 10 , she would even turn her back to me. 11 when she was facing away, I reached out and 12 scratched (搔）her back with my finger. She didn’t move.
By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back. The groundhog 13 didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back, and I got an idea. I’d always 14 while slicing up carrots, that the end looked like a cap. 15 one day, just to see what she would do, I gently 16 one on top of the groundhog’s head. Again, not a 17 . The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures. 18 she had a slice to eat, she never 19 the one on her head. It was a fair 20 I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.
1. A. avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested
2. A. business B. fun C. problem D. privilege
3. A. help B. cheat C. threat D. exception
4. A. trust B. miss C. admire D. appreciate
5. A. feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered
6. A. proved B. decided C. noticed D. understood
7. A. extreme B. Increasing C. additional D. inspiring
8. A. squirrel B. rabbit C. peanut D. carrot
9. A. before long B. long ago C. over and over D. all over again
10. A. eating B. playing C. sitting D. sleeping
11. A. Next B. Once C. Soon D. Lately
12. A. carefully B. suddenly C. violently D. patiently
13. A. also B. thus C. Just D. still
14. A. thought B. doubted C. admitted D. recognised
15. A. While B. Or C. So D. For
16. A. fixed B. placed C. hung D. kept
17. A. tremble B. move C. delay D. hesitation
18. A. Even if B. Ever since C. as far as D. So long as
19. A. welcomed B. required C. bothered D. expected
20. A. trade B. competition C. task D. affair
参考答案：
Ⅰ.语篇解读：本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容为人与环境。气候变暖导致了海洋浮游植物的变化，进而影响到海洋颜色的变化。文章侧重于引导学生关注自然生态，增强环境保护的意识。
1. B 主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因，第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述，前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因，故选B项。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据下文气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点，影响了浮游植物的生长，结合关键词 changes和 affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的故选A项（敏感的）。B：有益的；C：重大的；D：不被注意的。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中 But in some waters, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.可知，在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方，海洋的颜色会变得更绿，故选D项（有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更绿）。
4. C 推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是中心段落第一段中the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate可知，文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响，故选C项。A项（评估海洋颜色变化产生的后果）、B项（分析海洋食物链的构成）和D项（介绍一种研究浮游植物的新方法）均不符合文章目的，故排除。
Ⅱ.语篇解读：本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过给动物喂食和它们慢慢亲近的过程。尤其是土拨鼠一开始很害怕人，先跟着兔子吃作者给的胡萝卜，后来作者搔它的背也不抗拒，最后作者可以放个相机在它头上来记录它的生活。
1. B 在第一年“我”开始给冠蓝鸦和松鼠喂花生，故选 started avoid避免；cancel取消；suggest建议。
2. C 松鼠毫无顾虑地走到“我”跟前来吃花生，故选 problem business生意；fun乐趣；privilege特权。
3. C 从didn’t escape可以得知兔子认为“我”没有威胁，故选threat help帮助；cheat欺骗，作弊；exception例外。
4. A 由下文 they were eating out of my hand可知它们开始信任“我”了，故选trust。miss错过，想念；admire崇拜；appreciate欣赏，感谢。
5. D 由下文 and one would even sit up for slices可以得知第年兔子记住“我”了，故选 remembered。fear害怕；ignore忽略；discover发现。
6. C “我”在喂兔子的时候，注意到一只土拨鼠…。故选 noticed。
7. B 由该句中 a groundhog who used to run away was now.可知有一只土拨鼠之前都是跑开，而现在对这种喂食状况越来越感兴趣，故选 increasing。extreme极度的；additional额外的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。
8. D 由下文 both munching on carrots可知“我”给土拨鼠喂的是胡萝卜。
9. A “我”把胡萝卜给它，不久之后，它就和兔子坐在一起吃胡萝卜了，故选 before long。long ago很久以前；over and over次又一次；all over again重新。
10. A 当土拨鼠在吃胡萝卜的时候，它甚至会背对着“我”，故选eating。
11. B 曾经当它没有面对“我”的时候，“我”小心地用手指搔它的背，它没有动。这里描述的是一次经历，故选once。
12. A 由第二段第二句可知之前土拨鼠看到人都会跑开，所以“我”小心翼翼地搔它的背，生怕吓到它，故选carefully 。suddenly突然；violently猛烈地，激烈地；patiently耐心地。
13. D 由第二段最后两句可知第二年土拨鼠已经不害怕“我”，到了第三年它再回来的时候依然也不害怕，故选still。
14. A 当“我”把胡萝卜切成片的时候，“我”常认为它的末端像顶帽子。故选 thought。doubt怀疑；admit承认；recognise辨认出。
15. C 所以“我”想要看看把胡萝卜的末端放在土拨鼠头上，它会有什么反应。故选C项。
16. B “我”轻轻地把一个放在它的头上，故选 placed。fix使固定；hang悬挂；keep保持。
17. B 这句话中 again提示该句与第二段的最后一句对应，即这一次，它也没有动，故用 move tremble颤抖；delay延误；hesitation犹豫。
18. D 只要它有胡萝卜吃就不会去理会头上的东西。so long只要；even if即使；ever since从那以后；as far as远到。
19. C 土拨鼠在吃东西时不关心头上的东西。
20. A 由后面的 I got a pleasure，and she had yet another tasty treat可知这是公平的交易。trade交易；competition竞赛；task任务；affair事务。
2 / 2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019 北京，D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue， depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial.
C. Significant.
D. Unnoticeable.
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2015四川）
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard. That first year, I 1 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 2 coming up right to me for them. As the months went by，the rabbits saw that I was no 3 and didn’t escape. When I threw carrot slices (薄片), they even came for a nibble (啃). Slowly they came to 4 me，and by the end of the year they were eating out of my hand.
That second year, the rabbits 5 me, and one would even sit up for slices! While I was feeding them, I 6 that a groundhog who used to run away was now taking an 7 interest in this food situation. I carefully extended a long 8 , with a keen eye on those teeth, and 9 , there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching (津津有味地咀嚼）on carrots. A few months later，while 10 , she would even turn her back to me. 11 when she was facing away, I reached out and 12 scratched (搔）her back with my finger. She didn’t move.
By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back. The groundhog 13 didn’t have a problem with me scratching her back, and I got an idea. I’d always 14 while slicing up carrots, that the end looked like a cap. 15 one day, just to see what she would do, I gently 16 one on top of the groundhog’s head. Again, not a 17 . The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such pictures. 18 she had a slice to eat, she never 19 the one on her head. It was a fair 20 I got a pleasure, and she had yet another tasty treat.
1. A. avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested
2. A. business B. fun C. problem D. privilege
3. A. help B. cheat C. threat D. exception
4. A. trust B. miss C. admire D. appreciate
5. A. feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered
6. A. proved B. decided C. noticed D. understood
7. A. extreme B. Increasing C. additional D. inspiring
8. A. squirrel B. rabbit C. peanut D. carrot
9. A. before long B. long ago C. over and over D. all over again
10. A. eating B. playing C. sitting D. sleeping
11. A. Next B. Once C. Soon D. Lately
12. A. carefully B. suddenly C. violently D. patiently
13. A. also B. thus C. Just D. still
14. A. thought B. doubted C. admitted D. recognised
15. A. While B. Or C. So D. For
16. A. fixed B. placed C. hung D. kept
17. A. tremble B. move C. delay D. hesitation
18. A. Even if B. Ever since C. as far as D. So long as
19. A. welcomed B. required C. bothered D. expected
20. A. trade B. competition C. task D. affair
参考答案：
Ⅰ.语篇解读：本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容为人与环境。气候变暖导致了海洋浮游植物的变化，进而影响到海洋颜色的变化。文章侧重于引导学生关注自然生态，增强环境保护的意识。
1. B 主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因，第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述，前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因，故选B项。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据下文气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点，影响了浮游植物的生长，结合关键词 changes和 affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的故选A项（敏感的）。B：有益的；C：重大的；D：不被注意的。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中 But in some waters, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener.可知，在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方，海洋的颜色会变得更绿，故选D项（有更多浮游植物的海洋可能看上去更绿）。
4. C 推理判断题。根据全文，尤其是中心段落第一段中the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate可知，文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响，故选C项。A项（评估海洋颜色变化产生的后果）、B项（分析海洋食物链的构成）和D项（介绍一种研究浮游植物的新方法）均不符合文章目的，故排除。
Ⅱ.语篇解读：本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过给动物喂食和它们慢慢亲近的过程。尤其是土拨鼠一开始很害怕人，先跟着兔子吃作者给的胡萝卜，后来作者搔它的背也不抗拒，最后作者可以放个相机在它头上来记录它的生活。
1. B 在第一年“我”开始给冠蓝鸦和松鼠喂花生，故选 started avoid避免；cancel取消；suggest建议。
2. C 松鼠毫无顾虑地走到“我”跟前来吃花生，故选 problem business生意；fun乐趣；privilege特权。
3. C 从didn’t escape可以得知兔子认为“我”没有威胁，故选threat help帮助；cheat欺骗，作弊；exception例外。
4. A 由下文 they were eating out of my hand可知它们开始信任“我”了，故选trust。miss错过，想念；admire崇拜；appreciate欣赏，感谢。
5. D 由下文 and one would even sit up for slices可以得知第年兔子记住“我”了，故选 remembered。fear害怕；ignore忽略；discover发现。
6. C “我”在喂兔子的时候，注意到一只土拨鼠…。故选 noticed。
7. B 由该句中 a groundhog who used to run away was now.可知有一只土拨鼠之前都是跑开，而现在对这种喂食状况越来越感兴趣，故选 increasing。extreme极度的；additional额外的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。
8. D 由下文 both munching on carrots可知“我”给土拨鼠喂的是胡萝卜。
9. A “我”把胡萝卜给它，不久之后，它就和兔子坐在一起吃胡萝卜了，故选 before long。long ago很久以前；over and over次又一次；all over again重新。
10. A 当土拨鼠在吃胡萝卜的时候，它甚至会背对着“我”，故选eating。
11. B 曾经当它没有面对“我”的时候，“我”小心地用手指搔它的背，它没有动。这里描述的是一次经历，故选once。
12. A 由第二段第二句可知之前土拨鼠看到人都会跑开，所以“我”小心翼翼地搔它的背，生怕吓到它，故选carefully 。suddenly突然；violently猛烈地，激烈地；patiently耐心地。
13. D 由第二段最后两句可知第二年土拨鼠已经不害怕“我”，到了第三年它再回来的时候依然也不害怕，故选still。
14. A 当“我”把胡萝卜切成片的时候，“我”常认为它的末端像顶帽子。故选 thought。doubt怀疑；admit承认；recognise辨认出。
15. C 所以“我”想要看看把胡萝卜的末端放在土拨鼠头上，它会有什么反应。故选C项。
16. B “我”轻轻地把一个放在它的头上，故选 placed。fix使固定；hang悬挂；keep保持。
17. B 这句话中 again提示该句与第二段的最后一句对应，即这一次，它也没有动，故用 move tremble颤抖；delay延误；hesitation犹豫。
18. D 只要它有胡萝卜吃就不会去理会头上的东西。so long只要；even if即使；ever since从那以后；as far as远到。
19. C 土拨鼠在吃东西时不关心头上的东西。
20. A 由后面的 I got a pleasure，and she had yet another tasty treat可知这是公平的交易。trade交易；competition竞赛；task任务；affair事务。
2 / 2