外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature语法精讲破学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature语法精讲破学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-02 20:44:17 | ||
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Unit5 Revealing nature
语法-精讲破
过去完成时态
观察1
① Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
当他到达派对时，大多数客人已经离开了。
② I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident.
我收到了这个不幸的消息，他已在一场摩托车事故中丧生了。
③ When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
④ By the time we arrived, everyone had received medical care.
当我们到达时，每个人都已得到了医疗照顾。
⑤ I had reached the station before six o’clock yesterday.
我昨天六点钟之前就到了车站。
⑥ We realized we had lost our way.
我们意识到我们迷路了。
⑦ I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave.
我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我脱不开身。
归纳1
(1)由①②可知，过去完成时态的基本结构是 ① ；其被动语态为 ② 。
(2)由①③④⑤可知，过去完成时是以过去某一时间为起点，所以它是一个相对的时态，表示的是 ③ 。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。
(3)由③可知，过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前 发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去，常与 ④ 、since等词连用。
(4)由③⑥可知，过去完成时多用于 ⑤ 中。一般说来，主句中用了know (知道）、realize (意识到）、think (认为）、guess (猜测）、find (找到）、discover (发现）、decide (决定）、remember(回想起）、forget(忘记）等动词的过去式，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用 ⑥ 。
(5)由⑦可知，过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的 ⑦ ，只适用于下列动词：expect (期待）、hope (希望）、intend (打算）、mean (打算）、suppose (料想）等。
观察2
① I had no sooner returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and lived there.
=No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and lived there.
我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
② He had hardly arrived at the office when the meeting began.
=Hardly had he arrived at the office when the meeting began.
他刚到办公室，会议就开始了。
③She didn’t feel a bit nervous though it was the first time she had spoken in public.
她虽是第一次当众讲话，却一点儿都不觉得紧张。
④I wish I had gone with you to the concert yesterday.
我希望昨天和你一起去了音乐会。
⑤If she had seen you yesterday, she would have told you the truth.
要是她昨天见到了你，她就会告诉你真相了。
归纳2
(1)由①②可知，“主句主语+ had no sooner done...
⑧ +从句主语+did...”与“主句主语+had hardly done...
⑨+从句主语+ did...”为固定句式，表示“一……就 ......”。如果hardly/no sooner位于句子开头，主句要 ⑩ 。
(2)由③可知 It/This/That the +序数词 + time + (that) +主语+had done为表示过去完成时的句型。
(3)由④可知wish后面的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反时，用 。
(4)由⑤可知，if引导的条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句谓语用“ would/should/might/could + have+过去分词”，从句用 。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2019浙江，阅读理解A, ★★☆）Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother _______ (find) was a family treasure.
2.(2019 天津,2，★★☆)I _______ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
3. (2019天津，阅读表达，★★☆)，Mabry said he hadn’t planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students _______ ( prepare ) the surprise celebration.
4.( 2018 北京，9，★★☆)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
5.( 2018 江苏，30，★★☆)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ ( carry) out in the past two years.
6.(2018 北京，13, ★★★)They might have found a better hotel if they _______
(drive) a few more kilometers.
7.(2017 北京，29，★★☆）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _______ ( not invent) yet.
8. ( 2016 天津，3，★★☆) When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _______ ( not see) for years.
9.（★★☆_Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house
—Not really. She _______ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
10.（★★★）It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours _______，I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.
11.( ★★★)I wish I _______ ( be ) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
12. (★★☆) Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I _______ (leave) my book in the cafe.
13. (★★☆)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ ( start) when I arrived.
14. (★★☆) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_______ ( expect) .
15. (★★☆) The twins，who _______ ( finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
16.( ★★☆）No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage _______ the audience broke into thunderous applause.
17. (★★☆) During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _______ (recommend).
完成句子
18.( ★★☆）教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目三分之二的工作。
The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project _______ _______ _______ _______ by the students independently.
答案：
①had+done②had been done③“过去的过去”
④for⑤宾语从句⑥过去完成时⑦希望、打算或意图⑧than⑨when⑩部分倒装 was⑩过去完成时⑩过去完成时
1.had found考查时态。句意：在收到Zac的消息之前，Adeline还没有意识到奖章不见了。和许多军事奖章一样，Zac的母亲发现的那枚（奖章）是家族的珍宝。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，故用去完成时。
2.had hoped考查时态。句意:我原本希望送彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了，但是我没能做到。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去未曾实现的希望”，应用过去完成时。
3.had prepared考查时态。句意:Mabry说，他没打为自己里程碑式的生日做太多的事情,所以他很高兴学生们已经准备好了这个意外的庆祝活动。根据前文内容可知此处表示“过去的过去”，故填had prepared o
4.had been trapped考查时态和语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。根据主句的谓语动词risked可知事情生在过去，而“被困”发生在risked之前，故用过去完 成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists,与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系，因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
5.had been carried 考查时态和语态。句意：上个月我被派到这个村子来看看那个发展计划在过去的两年中是如何被实施的。设空处表示的动作发生在 was sent之前,属于“过去的过去”，且表示被动，所要用过去完成时的被动语态。
6.had driven 考查时态。句意：如果再多行驶几千 米，他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟，因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为 had done,故填 had driven。
7.hadn’t been invented 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家中只一部电话,而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。根据题干可知，“无线电话”和“发明”之间为被动关系，题干中的时间为“In the 1950s”，此处表示在此时间之前，因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
8.hadn’t seen考查时态。句意：在街上走的时候，我遇到了戴维，我有好多年没见到他了。“没见到”发生在“came across”之前，故此处应用过去完成时。
9.had given考查时态。句意:——你们找到安的家有困难吗？——不难找。她已经给了我们清晰的方位，我们很容易就能找到。动词give发生在were able to find之前，故用过去完成时
10.before考查副词。由设空处所在的句子为过去完成时可知，“在家”这个动作发生在“过去之前”，故填before
11.had been考查时态。句意：我希望上周二我能参加我姐姐的婚礼，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故设空处要用过去完成时。
12.had left考查动词的时态。句意:就在我到达校门口的时候，我才意识到我把书落在咖啡馆里了。根据语境可知leave的动作发生在realized之前,所以用过去完成时
13.had started考查动词的时态。句意:我发现这个讲座很难懂，因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。根据句意可知设空处的动作先于arrived发生，故使用去完成时。
14.had expected考查动词的时态。句意:手写所有的请柬比我们预期的更加耗时。主句的时态是一般过去时，根据句意可知expect发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以该空表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
15.had finished考查时态。句意：这对双胞胎已经完成家庭作业了，他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据题干可知“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作发生在过去，而“完成家庭作业”这个动作发生在 “被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作之前，是“过去的过去”，故此处应用过去完成时。
16.than考查固定句式。句意:莫言一走上台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。分析句子结构可知，此处是no sooner...than...( ......就......）的固定句式。no sooner置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。
17.had recommended 考查动词时态。句意：Jerry在西安逗留期间，他几乎尝遍了朋友推荐的所有的当地食物。由tried可知，定语从句要用相应的过去时态，“推荐”这个动作发生在tried之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
18. had already been finished
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语法-精讲破
过去完成时态
观察1
① Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
当他到达派对时，大多数客人已经离开了。
② I received the sad news that he had been killed in a motorcycle accident.
我收到了这个不幸的消息，他已在一场摩托车事故中丧生了。
③ When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
④ By the time we arrived, everyone had received medical care.
当我们到达时，每个人都已得到了医疗照顾。
⑤ I had reached the station before six o’clock yesterday.
我昨天六点钟之前就到了车站。
⑥ We realized we had lost our way.
我们意识到我们迷路了。
⑦ I had meant to take a good holiday this year，but I was not able to leave.
我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我脱不开身。
归纳1
(1)由①②可知，过去完成时态的基本结构是 ① ；其被动语态为 ② 。
(2)由①③④⑤可知，过去完成时是以过去某一时间为起点，所以它是一个相对的时态，表示的是 ③ 。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。
(3)由③可知，过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前 发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去，常与 ④ 、since等词连用。
(4)由③⑥可知，过去完成时多用于 ⑤ 中。一般说来，主句中用了know (知道）、realize (意识到）、think (认为）、guess (猜测）、find (找到）、discover (发现）、decide (决定）、remember(回想起）、forget(忘记）等动词的过去式，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用 ⑥ 。
(5)由⑦可知，过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的 ⑦ ，只适用于下列动词：expect (期待）、hope (希望）、intend (打算）、mean (打算）、suppose (料想）等。
观察2
① I had no sooner returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and lived there.
=No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and lived there.
我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
② He had hardly arrived at the office when the meeting began.
=Hardly had he arrived at the office when the meeting began.
他刚到办公室，会议就开始了。
③She didn’t feel a bit nervous though it was the first time she had spoken in public.
她虽是第一次当众讲话，却一点儿都不觉得紧张。
④I wish I had gone with you to the concert yesterday.
我希望昨天和你一起去了音乐会。
⑤If she had seen you yesterday, she would have told you the truth.
要是她昨天见到了你，她就会告诉你真相了。
归纳2
(1)由①②可知，“主句主语+ had no sooner done...
⑧ +从句主语+did...”与“主句主语+had hardly done...
⑨+从句主语+ did...”为固定句式，表示“一……就 ......”。如果hardly/no sooner位于句子开头，主句要 ⑩ 。
(2)由③可知 It/This/That the +序数词 + time + (that) +主语+had done为表示过去完成时的句型。
(3)由④可知wish后面的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反时，用 。
(4)由⑤可知，if引导的条件状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句谓语用“ would/should/might/could + have+过去分词”，从句用 。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.(2019浙江，阅读理解A, ★★☆）Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother _______ (find) was a family treasure.
2.(2019 天津,2，★★☆)I _______ (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
3. (2019天津，阅读表达，★★☆)，Mabry said he hadn’t planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students _______ ( prepare ) the surprise celebration.
4.( 2018 北京，9，★★☆)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
5.( 2018 江苏，30，★★☆)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ ( carry) out in the past two years.
6.(2018 北京，13, ★★★)They might have found a better hotel if they _______
(drive) a few more kilometers.
7.(2017 北京，29，★★☆）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _______ ( not invent) yet.
8. ( 2016 天津，3，★★☆) When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _______ ( not see) for years.
9.（★★☆_Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house
—Not really. She _______ (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
10.（★★★）It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours _______，I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.
11.( ★★★)I wish I _______ ( be ) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
12. (★★☆) Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I _______ (leave) my book in the cafe.
13. (★★☆)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ ( start) when I arrived.
14. (★★☆) Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we_______ ( expect) .
15. (★★☆) The twins，who _______ ( finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
16.( ★★☆）No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage _______ the audience broke into thunderous applause.
17. (★★☆) During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _______ (recommend).
完成句子
18.( ★★☆）教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目三分之二的工作。
The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project _______ _______ _______ _______ by the students independently.
答案：
①had+done②had been done③“过去的过去”
④for⑤宾语从句⑥过去完成时⑦希望、打算或意图⑧than⑨when⑩部分倒装 was⑩过去完成时⑩过去完成时
1.had found考查时态。句意：在收到Zac的消息之前，Adeline还没有意识到奖章不见了。和许多军事奖章一样，Zac的母亲发现的那枚（奖章）是家族的珍宝。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，故用去完成时。
2.had hoped考查时态。句意:我原本希望送彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了，但是我没能做到。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去未曾实现的希望”，应用过去完成时。
3.had prepared考查时态。句意:Mabry说，他没打为自己里程碑式的生日做太多的事情,所以他很高兴学生们已经准备好了这个意外的庆祝活动。根据前文内容可知此处表示“过去的过去”，故填had prepared o
4.had been trapped考查时态和语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。根据主句的谓语动词risked可知事情生在过去，而“被困”发生在risked之前，故用过去完 成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists,与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系，因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
5.had been carried 考查时态和语态。句意：上个月我被派到这个村子来看看那个发展计划在过去的两年中是如何被实施的。设空处表示的动作发生在 was sent之前,属于“过去的过去”，且表示被动，所要用过去完成时的被动语态。
6.had driven 考查时态。句意：如果再多行驶几千 米，他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟，因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为 had done,故填 had driven。
7.hadn’t been invented 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家中只一部电话,而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。根据题干可知，“无线电话”和“发明”之间为被动关系，题干中的时间为“In the 1950s”，此处表示在此时间之前，因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
8.hadn’t seen考查时态。句意：在街上走的时候，我遇到了戴维，我有好多年没见到他了。“没见到”发生在“came across”之前，故此处应用过去完成时。
9.had given考查时态。句意:——你们找到安的家有困难吗？——不难找。她已经给了我们清晰的方位，我们很容易就能找到。动词give发生在were able to find之前，故用过去完成时
10.before考查副词。由设空处所在的句子为过去完成时可知，“在家”这个动作发生在“过去之前”，故填before
11.had been考查时态。句意：我希望上周二我能参加我姐姐的婚礼，可是那时我正在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故设空处要用过去完成时。
12.had left考查动词的时态。句意:就在我到达校门口的时候，我才意识到我把书落在咖啡馆里了。根据语境可知leave的动作发生在realized之前,所以用过去完成时
13.had started考查动词的时态。句意:我发现这个讲座很难懂，因为当我到的时候它已经开始了。根据句意可知设空处的动作先于arrived发生，故使用去完成时。
14.had expected考查动词的时态。句意:手写所有的请柬比我们预期的更加耗时。主句的时态是一般过去时，根据句意可知expect发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以该空表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
15.had finished考查时态。句意：这对双胞胎已经完成家庭作业了，他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据题干可知“被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作发生在过去，而“完成家庭作业”这个动作发生在 “被允许在操场上打羽毛球”这个动作之前，是“过去的过去”，故此处应用过去完成时。
16.than考查固定句式。句意:莫言一走上台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。分析句子结构可知，此处是no sooner...than...( ......就......）的固定句式。no sooner置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。
17.had recommended 考查动词时态。句意：Jerry在西安逗留期间，他几乎尝遍了朋友推荐的所有的当地食物。由tried可知，定语从句要用相应的过去时态，“推荐”这个动作发生在tried之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
18. had already been finished
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