外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册 学案Unit5 Revealing nature易混易错点辨析（有答案）
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【名师原创】：Unit5 易混易错点辨析
●examine; check
【教材原句】
The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake in the late 18th century. (教材P49)
【辨析】
两者都有“检查”的意思，但各有侧重。
examine 意思是“检查，审查，检验；考试，测验；仔细观察”等，重在过程，常指检查身体，对知识或技能考试，测验，对协议，稿件和方案的审查，也可指仔细观察/查看。
check 意思是“检查；核对”，强调对已知的事物或成品从数量、质量或完损情况上进行核对和检查，对结果的进一步核实和校验。常指核对已有的数据，材料，单子，或者检查机械类的东西是否完好，是否有故障等。check 即可作名词也可作动词，词义也较多，这里我们只讲做动词且表示“检查，核对”时的用法。
温馨提示：
check with sb. + 从句 向某人核实某事
check in at + 地点 在旅馆，机场等入住、登记等
check out of + 地点 结账离开某地
【例句呈现】
Check the container for cracks or leaks.
检验容器是否有裂缝或者漏的地方。
Check the oil and water before setting off.
出发前应查看一下油和水。
Check your work before handing it in.
交作业以前先检查一遍。
Cars are checked as they come off the production line.
汽车下了生产线立即进行校验。
It should have been a simple matter to check.
检查核对本来应该是件简单的事情。
Check the terms of the policy before you sign.
仔细阅读保险单的条款后再签字。
The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.
医生给她作了检查，但没发现什么问题。
The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term.
期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。
Leaving aside the cost of the scheme, let us examine its benefits.
方案的费用暂且不理，咱们来审查方案的好处。
It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.
有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些方案。
We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.
我们彻底仔细地检查了措词后才最终定稿。
He pulled the car over, turned on the interior light, examined the map.
他把车开到路边，打开车内的照明灯查看地图。
【考点过关】
根据check, examine的适当形式填空
1. The school _______ the students in all subjects last week.
2. We always ________ people’s addresses as a matter of course.
3. The insects ________ under magnification yesterday.
4. _______ the list of on the side of the package.
5. The agreement _______ minutely already.
6. ________ your car before you drive to make sure that your lights are working.
7. Can my child be medically _______ every year
8. You’d better _______ with Jane what time she’s expecting us tonight.
9. He trained his camera on nature ________ single leaves.
10. It is strongly recommended that the machines should _______ every year.
11. _______ that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible.
12. _______ the painful area carefully in an effort to localize the most tender point.
【参考答案】
1. examined; 2. check; 3. were examined; 4. Check; 5. has been examined; 6. Check; 7. examined; 8. check; 9. to examine; 10. be checked; 11. Check; 12. Examine
●living；alive；live
【教材原句】
The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. (教材P51)
【辨析】
三者都有表示“活着的”的意思，但用法有区别：
living 意思是“活着的，健在的, 逼真的，有生命的，活生生的”，可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如果在句中位置合适，有时可与alive换用。但living强调“健在，尚在人间”，“当代的”。作“活生生的”讲时，用living；作名词时，意思是“生活，生计”，常构成以下结构：make a living = earn a living; make one’s living = earn one’s living 谋生。
alive 意思是“活着的” ，与dead 相对，强调生死界限，可作表语和宾语补足语，作定语时只能作后置定语放在被修饰的名词后面。用于说明人或动植物。
live 意思是“活的；现场直播的”，只作前置定语，主要用于动物、植物，不用于人。
【例句呈现】
The children made their living in the mountain by digging some wild vegetables.
这些孩子在大山里靠挖野菜卫生。
Physiology is the study of how living things work.
生理学是研究生物功能的学科。
They’re working against time to try and get people out of the rubble alive.
他们正在争分夺秒工作，设法把人们从瓦砾中活着救出来。
What chance is there of anybody being found alive
找到生还者的希望有多大？
The poor child looks more dead than alive.
这孩子看上去半死不活的，真可怜。
Doctors kept the baby alive for six weeks.
医生使婴儿活了六周
If it weren’t for you, I wouldn’t be alive today.
如果不是你，我今天不会还活着。
We saw a real live rattlesnake!
我们看见了一条活生生的响尾蛇！
It was the first interview I’d done in front of a live audience.
那是我首次在观众面前做现场采访。
Live coverage of the World Cup is going on now.
世界杯赛的实况转播正在进行。
They found some live animals in the forest.
他们在森林里发现了大量活着的动物。
In the hospital the number of live births is about 99%.
这家医院活产婴儿的数量占99%。
【考点过关】
用alive, living和live填空。
1. He was the greatest ________ novelist in England.
2. The wilderness is a ________ museum of natural history.
3. Both plants and animals are ________ things.
4. My first English teacher is still ________.
5. English is a _______ language.
6. He is the greatest scientist _______.
7. Are your grandparents still _______
8. In the car accident the mother was killed, but her two-year-old son was found _______.
9. He bought some _________ fish.
10. Only a few ________ trees were left after the fire.
11. There is little hope that they will be found ________.
12. We don’t know whether he’s ________ or dead.
13. There is still a remote chance that they will find her _______.
14. She’s _______ —her heart is still beating.
15. The old man made a ________ by selling newspaper.
【参考答案】
1. living; 2. living; 3. living; 4. alive/living; 5. living; 6. alive; 7. alive/living; 8. alive; 9. live; 10. live; 11. alive; 12. alive/living; 13. alive; 14. alive/living; 15. living
●appear; seem
【教材原句】
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. (教材P51)
It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
② seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it seems that从句 好像….
④ seem like…..看起来像….
⑤ it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥ there seem to be….好像有…..
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
He _______ to have traveled a lot.
He ________ to be very tired now.
He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste for music.
There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●suspect; doubt
【教材原句】
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句，意思就截然不同。 这时，doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”，如果用否定结构，则表示“不怀疑，确信”； 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….； suspect sb of （doing） sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I don’t doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn’t doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I doubt whether/if he’ll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It’s raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. suspected; 8. suspected; 9. suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●such as; for example (= for instance)
【教材原句】
And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people. (教材P56)
For example (= for instance), some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都可用于表示举例事物或情况，有时可互换，有一定区别。
such as 意思是“例如; 像; 象…这样; 诸如…之类”, 相当于like, 可以用来列举一个事物或情况，这时可以和for example换用，但更多情况下用于列举两个或两个以上的事物或情况，而且不能放在句首和句尾，such as后也不跟逗号，有时such 和as可以分开。
for example意思是“例如，比如”，相当于for instance, 一般列举一个事物或情况，for和example不能分开，for example后常接逗号，也可不用逗号；for example或for instance可以放句首或句尾。
【例句呈现】
Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together.
诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。
The rate is determined by intrinsic qualities such as the land’s slope.
速度由诸如地面坡度这样的内在因素决定。
Personal characteristics, such as age and sex are taken into account.
个人的特征，如年龄和性别等，都要考虑进去。
Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
She was involved in many New Age activities such as yoga and healing.
她参加了很多“新时代”活动，如瑜伽和康复法。
You have to type in commands, such as ‘help’ and ‘print’
你必须输入命令，例如“帮助”或“打印”。
The report is incomplete; it does not include sales in France, for example.
这份报告不完整，例如在法国的销售情况就没包括进去。
Have they, for example, demonstrated a commitment to democracy
例如，他们是否已表现出会致力于民主？
Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children.
比方说，我们假设你成家了，还有两个孩子。
Many factors are important, such as class, gender, age and ethnicity.
许多因素都很重要，如阶级、性别、年龄及民族。
It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for example Physics.
将计算机科学与其他学科，如物理学，结合起来是可能的。
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and in Italian.
许多语言，譬如法语和意大利语，都有相似的词。
There’s confusion and resentment, and it’s almost never expressed out in the open. Take this office, for example.
有人迷惘，有人憎恨，可是几乎谁也没有公开表达过。就拿这个办公室的人来说吧。
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. After talking about the job in general, we got down to the specifics, ________ the salary.
2. Carmakers use robots to do unpleasant jobs, ________ painting cars in hot conditions.
3. There is a real risk of injury in sports ________ climbing.
4. There are many big cities in Europe, ________, London, Paris and Rome.
5. ________, we are to have less clothes, coal and food even than we have had and less petrol than we expected.
6. I know many women who have a career and a family Alison ________.
7. Great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________.
8. Many young people are taking radio courses in English. There is the boy next door, ________.
9. Some sports, _______ motor racing, can be dangerous.
10. My wife likes social activities, ______ tennis and golf.
11. Avoid unhealthy foods ______ hamburger and chips.
12. The disease attacks such animals _______ cats and dogs.
13. Each situation is different. ______, a man with a rich wife doesn’t have to work.
14. You make too many mistakes—lots of spelling mistakes, ______.
15. One of the side effects may be to change the geographical distribution of parasitic diseases _______ malaria.
【参考答案】
1. such as / for example 2. such as / for example 3. such as / like 4. for example 5. For example 6. for example 7. for example 8. for example; 9. such as/for example; 10. such as/like; 11. such as/like; 12. as; 13. For example; 14. for example; 15. such as/for example
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●examine; check
【教材原句】
The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body judged it a fake in the late 18th century. (教材P49)
【辨析】
两者都有“检查”的意思，但各有侧重。
examine 意思是“检查，审查，检验；考试，测验；仔细观察”等，重在过程，常指检查身体，对知识或技能考试，测验，对协议，稿件和方案的审查，也可指仔细观察/查看。
check 意思是“检查；核对”，强调对已知的事物或成品从数量、质量或完损情况上进行核对和检查，对结果的进一步核实和校验。常指核对已有的数据，材料，单子，或者检查机械类的东西是否完好，是否有故障等。check 即可作名词也可作动词，词义也较多，这里我们只讲做动词且表示“检查，核对”时的用法。
温馨提示：
check with sb. + 从句 向某人核实某事
check in at + 地点 在旅馆，机场等入住、登记等
check out of + 地点 结账离开某地
【例句呈现】
Check the container for cracks or leaks.
检验容器是否有裂缝或者漏的地方。
Check the oil and water before setting off.
出发前应查看一下油和水。
Check your work before handing it in.
交作业以前先检查一遍。
Cars are checked as they come off the production line.
汽车下了生产线立即进行校验。
It should have been a simple matter to check.
检查核对本来应该是件简单的事情。
Check the terms of the policy before you sign.
仔细阅读保险单的条款后再签字。
The doctor examined her but could find nothing wrong.
医生给她作了检查，但没发现什么问题。
The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term.
期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。
Leaving aside the cost of the scheme, let us examine its benefits.
方案的费用暂且不理，咱们来审查方案的好处。
It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out.
有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些方案。
We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text.
我们彻底仔细地检查了措词后才最终定稿。
He pulled the car over, turned on the interior light, examined the map.
他把车开到路边，打开车内的照明灯查看地图。
【考点过关】
根据check, examine的适当形式填空
1. The school _______ the students in all subjects last week.
2. We always ________ people’s addresses as a matter of course.
3. The insects ________ under magnification yesterday.
4. _______ the list of on the side of the package.
5. The agreement _______ minutely already.
6. ________ your car before you drive to make sure that your lights are working.
7. Can my child be medically _______ every year
8. You’d better _______ with Jane what time she’s expecting us tonight.
9. He trained his camera on nature ________ single leaves.
10. It is strongly recommended that the machines should _______ every year.
11. _______ that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible.
12. _______ the painful area carefully in an effort to localize the most tender point.
【参考答案】
1. examined; 2. check; 3. were examined; 4. Check; 5. has been examined; 6. Check; 7. examined; 8. check; 9. to examine; 10. be checked; 11. Check; 12. Examine
●living；alive；live
【教材原句】
The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments. (教材P51)
【辨析】
三者都有表示“活着的”的意思，但用法有区别：
living 意思是“活着的，健在的, 逼真的，有生命的，活生生的”，可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如果在句中位置合适，有时可与alive换用。但living强调“健在，尚在人间”，“当代的”。作“活生生的”讲时，用living；作名词时，意思是“生活，生计”，常构成以下结构：make a living = earn a living; make one’s living = earn one’s living 谋生。
alive 意思是“活着的” ，与dead 相对，强调生死界限，可作表语和宾语补足语，作定语时只能作后置定语放在被修饰的名词后面。用于说明人或动植物。
live 意思是“活的；现场直播的”，只作前置定语，主要用于动物、植物，不用于人。
【例句呈现】
The children made their living in the mountain by digging some wild vegetables.
这些孩子在大山里靠挖野菜卫生。
Physiology is the study of how living things work.
生理学是研究生物功能的学科。
They’re working against time to try and get people out of the rubble alive.
他们正在争分夺秒工作，设法把人们从瓦砾中活着救出来。
What chance is there of anybody being found alive
找到生还者的希望有多大？
The poor child looks more dead than alive.
这孩子看上去半死不活的，真可怜。
Doctors kept the baby alive for six weeks.
医生使婴儿活了六周
If it weren’t for you, I wouldn’t be alive today.
如果不是你，我今天不会还活着。
We saw a real live rattlesnake!
我们看见了一条活生生的响尾蛇！
It was the first interview I’d done in front of a live audience.
那是我首次在观众面前做现场采访。
Live coverage of the World Cup is going on now.
世界杯赛的实况转播正在进行。
They found some live animals in the forest.
他们在森林里发现了大量活着的动物。
In the hospital the number of live births is about 99%.
这家医院活产婴儿的数量占99%。
【考点过关】
用alive, living和live填空。
1. He was the greatest ________ novelist in England.
2. The wilderness is a ________ museum of natural history.
3. Both plants and animals are ________ things.
4. My first English teacher is still ________.
5. English is a _______ language.
6. He is the greatest scientist _______.
7. Are your grandparents still _______
8. In the car accident the mother was killed, but her two-year-old son was found _______.
9. He bought some _________ fish.
10. Only a few ________ trees were left after the fire.
11. There is little hope that they will be found ________.
12. We don’t know whether he’s ________ or dead.
13. There is still a remote chance that they will find her _______.
14. She’s _______ —her heart is still beating.
15. The old man made a ________ by selling newspaper.
【参考答案】
1. living; 2. living; 3. living; 4. alive/living; 5. living; 6. alive; 7. alive/living; 8. alive; 9. live; 10. live; 11. alive; 12. alive/living; 13. alive; 14. alive/living; 15. living
●appear; seem
【教材原句】
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and had not changed since. (教材P51)
It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都有“看起来（好像、似乎…）”的意思，一般可以换用，但在个别殊结构用上的用法上有一定的区别。
appear强调自身表现出, 流露出；appear 指外表给人的印象,可能是真象也可能是假象，不确定性更大一些，常用于以下结构或词组中：
① appear + n/adj. 似乎/好像…..
② appear to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it appears that从句 好像….
④ what appears to be…看起来像….的东西
⑤ there appears to be…. 似乎/好像有……
⑥ appear out of nowhere 突然冒出来
⑦ appear overnight 一夜之间出现（反义：disappear overnight）
seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实，常用于以下机构中：
① seem + n/adj. 似乎/好像….
② seem to be/to do sth. 好像是/做某事
③ it seems that从句 好像….
④ seem like…..看起来像….
⑤ it seems as if/though…..看起来好像…….
⑥ there seem to be….好像有…..
温馨提示：
①在seem like…. 和 it seems as if/though…..结构中，一般不能换成appear
②appear 表示“出现”时，不可与seem 换用
【例句呈现】
One day a stranger appeared on my doorstep.
一天，一个陌生人出现在我家门前。
She tried hard to appear/seem (to be) calm at the interview.
面试时她努力让自己显得镇静。
There’s evidence that people who have a purpose in life appear/seem to do better.
有证据显示有生活目标的人似乎表现得更加出色。
It seemed like a good idea.
这主意好像不错。
The theory without practice seems/appears to be the cars without motors.
没有实践的理论就像没有引擎的汽车。
It seems as if they didn’t care about Henry’s feelings at all.
他们似乎毫不在乎亨利的感受。
It seemed/appeared that he was lying.
他似乎在撒谎。
Everyone in the picture seems/appears to have put on some weight, don’t they
照片中每个人好像胖了，是不是？
He doesn’t seem/appear to be happy.
他看起来不高兴。
She seemed/appeared to have caught a cold.
她好像感冒了。
【考点过关】
用appear, seem的适当形式填空
He _______ to have traveled a lot.
He ________ to be very tired now.
He ________ to be a gentleman – he was wearing a suit, not like a thief at all.
It _______ as if he didn’t love her at all at that time.
It _________ to me that working experience is more important than a degree.
It ________ that he had a taste for music.
There ________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions at present.
It _______ like rain now.
【参考答案】
1. seems/appears; 2. seems/appears; 3. appeared/seemed; 4. seemed; 5. seems/
appears; 6. appeared/seemed; 7. seems/appears; 8. seems
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●suspect; doubt
【教材原句】
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句，意思就截然不同。 这时，doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”，如果用否定结构，则表示“不怀疑，确信”； 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….； suspect sb of （doing） sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I don’t doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn’t doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I doubt whether/if he’ll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It’s raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. suspected; 8. suspected; 9. suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●such as; for example (= for instance)
【教材原句】
And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people. (教材P56)
For example (= for instance), some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都可用于表示举例事物或情况，有时可互换，有一定区别。
such as 意思是“例如; 像; 象…这样; 诸如…之类”, 相当于like, 可以用来列举一个事物或情况，这时可以和for example换用，但更多情况下用于列举两个或两个以上的事物或情况，而且不能放在句首和句尾，such as后也不跟逗号，有时such 和as可以分开。
for example意思是“例如，比如”，相当于for instance, 一般列举一个事物或情况，for和example不能分开，for example后常接逗号，也可不用逗号；for example或for instance可以放句首或句尾。
【例句呈现】
Organizations such as schools and clubs bind a community together.
诸如学校、俱乐部等机构使社区成为一个整体。
The rate is determined by intrinsic qualities such as the land’s slope.
速度由诸如地面坡度这样的内在因素决定。
Personal characteristics, such as age and sex are taken into account.
个人的特征，如年龄和性别等，都要考虑进去。
Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.
有些住宅仍没有像卫生间这样的基本设施。
A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
She was involved in many New Age activities such as yoga and healing.
她参加了很多“新时代”活动，如瑜伽和康复法。
You have to type in commands, such as ‘help’ and ‘print’
你必须输入命令，例如“帮助”或“打印”。
The report is incomplete; it does not include sales in France, for example.
这份报告不完整，例如在法国的销售情况就没包括进去。
Have they, for example, demonstrated a commitment to democracy
例如，他们是否已表现出会致力于民主？
Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children.
比方说，我们假设你成家了，还有两个孩子。
Many factors are important, such as class, gender, age and ethnicity.
许多因素都很重要，如阶级、性别、年龄及民族。
It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects, for example Physics.
将计算机科学与其他学科，如物理学，结合起来是可能的。
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and in Italian.
许多语言，譬如法语和意大利语，都有相似的词。
There’s confusion and resentment, and it’s almost never expressed out in the open. Take this office, for example.
有人迷惘，有人憎恨，可是几乎谁也没有公开表达过。就拿这个办公室的人来说吧。
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. After talking about the job in general, we got down to the specifics, ________ the salary.
2. Carmakers use robots to do unpleasant jobs, ________ painting cars in hot conditions.
3. There is a real risk of injury in sports ________ climbing.
4. There are many big cities in Europe, ________, London, Paris and Rome.
5. ________, we are to have less clothes, coal and food even than we have had and less petrol than we expected.
6. I know many women who have a career and a family Alison ________.
7. Great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________.
8. Many young people are taking radio courses in English. There is the boy next door, ________.
9. Some sports, _______ motor racing, can be dangerous.
10. My wife likes social activities, ______ tennis and golf.
11. Avoid unhealthy foods ______ hamburger and chips.
12. The disease attacks such animals _______ cats and dogs.
13. Each situation is different. ______, a man with a rich wife doesn’t have to work.
14. You make too many mistakes—lots of spelling mistakes, ______.
15. One of the side effects may be to change the geographical distribution of parasitic diseases _______ malaria.
【参考答案】
1. such as / for example 2. such as / for example 3. such as / like 4. for example 5. For example 6. for example 7. for example 8. for example; 9. such as/for example; 10. such as/like; 11. such as/like; 12. as; 13. For example; 14. for example; 15. such as/for example
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