外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit5 Revealing nature 单元过关检测（有答案解析，无听力部分）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit5 Revealing nature 单元过关检测（有答案解析，无听力部分） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-02 20:48:40 | ||
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Unit5 单元过关检测
第一部分:阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选 出最佳选项。
A
(2020.浙江杭州高一下检测) A Portland , Oregon man has traveled across Antarctica by himself without receiving any assistance. Adventurer Colin O’ Brady completed the 1, 500-kilometre trip in December, 2018. He crossed the continent
in 54 days. Friends, family and other people followed his progress through messages and pictures he left on social media. O’ Brady spoke with his family by telephone soon after he completed the journey. “It was an emotional call,” his wife Jenna Besaw said. “He seemed overwhelmed (充溢) by love and appreciation, and he really wanted to say ‘Thank you’ to all of us.”
O’ Brady documented the trip on the social networking service. He called his journey “The Impossible First”. He wrote that he traveled the last 129 kilometres in one big, final push to the finish line. The distance took over one day to complete.
O’ Brady wrote, “While the last 32 hours were some of the most challenging hours of my life, they have quite honestly been the best moments I have ever experienced.”
The day before, he wrote that he was “in the zone” and thought he could make it to the end without stopping. “I’m listening to my body and taking care of the details to keep myself safe,” he wrote. “I called home and talked to my mom, sister and wife—I promised them I will stop when I need to.”
Other people have traveled across Antarctica, but they all had some form of assistance. They had either better, more plentiful supplies or devices that helped move them forward. In 2016, British explorer Henry Worsley died in his attempt to travel alone across Antarctica, unassisted. Worsley’s friend Louis Rudd is now attempting an unaided solo journey in Worsley’s honor. He is competing against O’ Brady to be the
first to do it. Besaw told the Associated Press that her husband plans to stay on Antarctica until Rudd finishes his trip.
1. Why did Jenna Besaw say “It was an emotional call”
A. O’ Brady was grateful for people’ s concern.
B. She was concerned about O’ Brady’s safety.
C. O’ Brady was too excited to express his feelings.
D. She was proud of what O’ Brady had accomplished.
2. What can be inferred about O’ Brady from the last paragraph
A. He returned home after completing the journey.
B. He defeated Rudd in their competition.
C. He traveled across Antarctica in Worsley’s honor.
D. He had some assistance in the adventure.
3. Which saying can best describe O’ Brady’s success
A. Union is strength.
B. Rome was not built in one day.
C. Well begun is half done.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
B
(2020.山东烟台高一下检测) Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, and others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛虫) , which usually eat tomato leaves
greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says
Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants
felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
4. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A. make them grow better
B. give them a warning
C. keep plant-eating animals away
D. inform plant-eating animals of danger
5. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To introduce another animal.
B. To confirm the result of the study.
C. To appeal to people to protect animals.
D. To analyse different resistance chemicals.
6. What does Richard Karban really want to know
A. How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C. Whether the research is of practical value.
D. What the finding of the research is.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Watchful Plants
B. Greedy Animals
C. A Snail’s Approach
D. A Defensive Attack
C
(2020.黑龙江哈尔滨高一下测试)The different parts of a health-care system have different focuses. A hospital’s stroke (中风)unit monitors blood flow in the brain. The cardiac unit is interested in that same flow，but through and from the heart. Each collection of equipment and data is effective in its own field. Thus, like the story of blind men feeling an elephant, modern health care offers many separate pictures of a patient, but rarely a useful united one.
On top of alt this, the instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to use them. That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly, for early signs of illness, so patients are at risk of heart disease or a stroke.
An unusual research project called AlzEye, run by Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, in cooperation with University College, London (UCL), may change this. It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which signals about the health of other organs could be discovered. The doctors in charge of it, Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane, are studying Moorfields’ database of eye scans, which offers a detailed picture of the health of the retina (视网膜).
The project will go a step further: With the information about other aspects of patients’ health collected from other hospitals around England , doctors will be able to look for more accurate signs of disease through eye scans.
The Moorfields data set has lots of linked cases to work with—far more than any similar project. For instance, the UK Biobank，one of the world’s leading collections of medical data about individual people, contains 631 cases of a “major cardiac adverse event”. The Moorfields data contain about 12, 000 such. The Biobank has data on about 1, 500 stroke patients. Moorfields has 11, 900. For the disease on which the Moorfields project will focus to start with dementia, the data set holds 15, 100 cases. The only comparable study has 86.
Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that show the emergence of disease elsewhere in the body. If such patterns could be recognized reliably, the potential impact would be huge.
8. Why does the author mention “the story of blind men feeling an elephant” in Paragraph 1
A. To claim the ineffectiveness of our health care system.
B. To tell the similarity in various health care units.
C. To explain the limitation of modern health care.
D. To show the complexity of patients’ pictures.
9. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. The challenge of making advanced medical instruments.
B. The high risk of getting a heart disease or a stroke.
C. The inconvenience of modern health care service.
D. The incomplete and expensive health monitoring.
10. How does AlzEye work
A. By thoroughly examining one’s body organs.
B. By identifying one’s state of health through eye scans.
C. By helping doctors discover one’s diseases of the eye.
D. By comparing the eye-scan data from different hospitals.
11. What can be inferred about the Moorfields’ project from Paragraph 5
A. It takes advantage of abundantly available medical data.
B. It makes the collection of medical data more convenient.
C. It improves the Moorfields’ competitiveness in the medical field.
D. It strengthens data sharing between the Moorfields and the Biobank.
D
(2020.江苏南通高一下检测)Australian magpies can understand what other birds are saying to each other, a new study has found.
The research, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and essentially eavesdrops (偷听) to find out which predators (捕食者) are near. Noisy miners—a small, native honeyeater—have different warning calls for ground-based and aerial (空中的) predators. By playing both kinds of recordings to a series of wild magpies, researchers observed the magpies raising their beaks (喙)to the sky, or dropping their heads to the ground.
Researchers attracted the magpies with cheese, then played the noisy miner calls, videotaping the results.
As a control, they also rolled a large orange ball towards the magpies to see how they ordinarily tilted (倾斜) their beaks to ground threats, and threw the ball to see how they reacted to aerial threats.
The researchers recorded an average maximum beak angle of 29 degrees for the thrown ball, and an average maximum of nine degrees when it was rolled.
The miners’ aerial warning caused an average maximum beak angle of 31 degrees, and the ground warming caused an average maximum of 24.
One of the study’s authors, Dominique Potvin, said the magpies showed an astonishing level of insight.
Magpies and miners broadly face the same types of predators and the two frequently live in the same ecosystem. Potvin said this had encouraged the magpies’ learned behaviour.
“Magpies are generally found on the ground and noisy miners are generally found up in trees. It pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”
She said it was unclear whether other birds could do the same, but it was highly likely other magpies around Australia already did.
“Magpies are a pretty smart group. We’re not sure if they’re learning this from other magpies or if they’re figuring it out on their own, but the ability is there.”
As part of the experiment, researchers also played a third call: a common, non-warning call from a crimson rosella. They found the magpies did not respond.
Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition (认知) research.“It’s a good piece of the puzzle,” Potvin said. “Looking at the social relationships between species that live in communities.”
12. What have the researchers found about Australian magpies
A. They can understand other bird calls.
B. They can communicate with noisy miners.
C. They have a special preference for cheese.
D. They have the ability to warn the predators.
13. How did the researchers get their findings
A. By calculating the beak angles of aerial and ground predators.
B. By comparing the magpie’s and the noisy miner's responses to threats.
C. By monitoring the magpie’s responses to the noisy miner’s warning calls.
D. By recording the magpie’s louder scream for other birds’ attention.
14. The magpies’ cognition can help them ________.
A. have a better view of the predators than the noisy miners
B. better protect themselves from the potential threats
C. cooperate with other birds to drive away the predators
D. live in harmony with other birds in the same ecosystem
15. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. the magpies are smart learners of other birds’ behaviour
B. It’s likely that other birds have developed the same ability
C. the findings have clarified the relationships between species
D. a lot more remains to be explored about animal cognition
第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2020.安徽合肥高一下检测) Schools consume a large amount of energy, which has a bad effect on the environment. 16 , there are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy. Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect.
17 , Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help save energy. Tum off the lights in classrooms that are not being used and in other areas, such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multi-purpose rooms.
Use natural light when the sun is bright. It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom. There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough for what you are doing in your classroom. 18 .
Set up a recycling station at your school. Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. 19 , then ask your school principal if you can set one up.
Get others involved. 20. Either as an individual or as a team, you can create and put up signs around your school. Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy.
A. Post signs about conserving energy
B. Whether you are a teacher or a student
C. If your school does not have one
D. Tum off your computer when it’s not used
E. Shut down the lights when rooms are not in use
F Other times of day you might only need half of the lights
G. If your school’s garbage company offers recycling services
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给 的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020.广东惠州高一下检测)Trees always have attraction for people. They are the 21 life form on our planet, As a direct link with thousands of years of history，trees have 22 artists over the years.
When I was a child I 23 a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story, 24 from an advanced civilization come to our planet and their
spaceship 25 in the middle of a forest. The aliens (外星人) have a long conversation with the trees of the forest and then leave, 26 to think that the inhabitants (居民) of Earth arc noble, intelligent and peaceful.
Trees 27 a lot about being part of a community and that cooperation is better for a society than 28. Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 29 , but we know trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other. So, strong trees in a good 30 will share food and water with weaker trees that receive less sunlight. By 31 , a community of trees makes itself stronger. The 32 of giant redwood trees, for example , grow together under the ground as if they are holding hands. This means that they are 33 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods.
We know that trees are 34 for the environment and the survival of our planet. Perhaps they have more to 35.
21. A. kindest B. oldest C. heaviest D. fittest
22. A. governed B. sponsored C. inspired D. tricked
23. A. took in B. came across C. set aside D. kept up
24. A. workers B. researchers C. visitors D. invaders
25. A. lands B. drops C. flies D. shoots
26. A. curious B. happy C. sad D. grateful
27. A. get B. know C. afford D. send
28. A. regulation B. management C. competition D. construction
29. A. learns B. ends C. grows D. works
30. A. position B. manner C. rank D. model
31. A. pulling back B. bringing up C. fighting back D. teaming up
32. A. branches B. fruits C. leaves D. roots
33. A. nearly B. really C. only D. merely
34. A. popular B. suitable C. vital D. normal
35. A. offer B. take C. pay D. study
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020.山东枣庄高一下检测)A few years ago, after a long morning of sightseeing in New York, my children and I took a rest on a park bench in Central Park.
“Look!” my son said, 36. ________(point) to a nearby rubbish bin. That’s when we saw a raccoon(浣熊). Quite feeling at home in the big city, he paid us no attention,
concentrating only on finding a 37. ________(taste) lunch. He sorted through a few options before coming out with a wrapped sandwich 38. ________(hold) between his paws.
39. ________(surprise), rather than run away, he jumped down and walked casually to a spot on the path, not a metre from 40. ________ we sat. The children were spellbound, as the raccoon was providing better 41. ________(entertain) than any museum. He glanced at us, perhaps checking to see 42. ________ we were about to steal his lunch.
43. ________ delicate fingers, he peeled back the layer of plastic wrap until the half-eaten sandwich 44. ________(uncover).
Then he surprised us all. Instead of starting eating his food, he turned to a nearby pool of water and 45. ________(dip) his paws in it. With a casual air, he rubbed his paws together underwater for a moment , brushed his fur , and then started gracefully picking at his meal.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
(2020.安徽淮南高一下检测)假定你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友Jim在你们学校网站上看到了学生参加学农活动的照片,很感兴趣,发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:
1.学农活动的相关信息(时间、内容... ;)
2.你参加学农活动的感受。
注意：1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数。
提示词:学农learn from farmers
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
(2020.浙江杭州高一下检测)Summer vacation had just begun, and Alex and Maria were ready to spend all day outside. They decided to walk to the neighborhood park, where there was a river that they liked to swim in when it was particularly hot.
When they got to the river, they saw that it was too deep to swim in. Alex and Maria were disappointed. On the other side of the river , about fifty yards away, there was a fountain from which the water was flowing out. “We should go play in the
fountain,” Maria said. “How will we get there ” asked Alex.
Maria looked around the grassy river bank and noticed a few logs and branches lying close to the water. “We could build a bridge!” she said. She ran over to a thick log that looked long enough to be placed across the river. Together, she and Alex
lifted the log onto their shoulders and walked it to the water. Here, they stopped. How would they get the branches across
Maria suggested throwing it down into the water and seeing if it reached the other side. That seemed improper to Alex-what if the branches did not reach the other side of the river, and got stuck or swept away by the water Then they would be unable to walk all the way across the river.
Maria wondered if they could measure the distance from the river bank they stood on to the other shore. They put the log carefully down and decided to test the distance with lighter, thinner branches. They found a few branches and they tied the
branches together using their hair bands.
At their first attempt，they tied two branches together and went back to the river to test the length. The branches only reached the centre of the water. After tying two more branches together to the initial branches, Alex and Maria were able to get the thin model bridge to touch the far bank. “Hooray!” Maria said. “Now we know how long the log needs to be.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
They set the tied branches on the ground next to the log. ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alex and Maria managed to get to the other side of the river. ________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(地球与宇宙探索)。话题:探索南极洲。这是一则新闻报道，介绍了美国冒险家Colin O’ Brady在经过54天的跋涉后成功横越南极洲。他成为首个未通过任何援助独自穿越南极洲的人。
1.A 句意理解题。结合第一段中的“Friends, family and other people followed..by love and appreciation..." 可知, O’ Brady成功穿越南极洲后打电话向家人报喜,他妻子认为这个电话是充满感情的,因为她体会到了丈夫对所有关注他的人的感激。
2. B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Louis Rudd..to stay on Antarctica until Rudd finishes his trip."可知, O’ Brady在完成这段旅程后将在南极洲等待Rudd完成他的旅程，由此可知，在他们两个，人的这场比赛中, O’ Brady战胜了Rudd。
3. D推理判断题。美国冒险家O’ Brady不畏艰难,历时54天成功横越南极洲，独自完成了总长1500千米的冒险旅程,他的成功印证了“有志者事竞成”这一格言,与D项表达吻合。
B
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(自然生态)。话题:植物自我保护。本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物.会对外在威胁相当警觉,会自动作出反应进行自我保护。
4.B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知,John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告,让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼应,故选B。
5. B推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study , his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。
6.A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句并结合最后一段可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的,故选A。
7.A标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应,故选A。
C
[语篇解读]主题:人与社会(科学与技术)。话题:通过眼睛扫描信息发现疾病。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个试图通过眼睛扫描信息来发现疾病早期迹象的研究项目。
8. C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“modern health care offers many separate pictures.. .rarely a useful united one”可知，盲人摸象的例子是为了解释现代医疗检查很少能全面地提供患者的整体情况，因此具有局限性。
9. D代词指代题。前两段主要讲了现代医疗检查的局限性以及高昂的费用,而一项不同寻常的研究项目AlzEye也许能改变这一现状。故D项正确。
10. B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is attempting to use the eye...health of other organs....”及第四段可知，AlzEye的工作模式是通过眼部扫描来辨别一个人的健康状况。
11.A推理判断题。根据第五段列举的数据信息可知,Moorfields的项目和同类项目相比,充分利用了更多现存的数据。
D
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(自然生态)。话题:喜鹊的能力。本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了一项研究发现，澳大利亚喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的交谈，而关于动物的认知能力还有待于人类进一步探索。
12.A细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段中的“the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls”可知，喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的叫声。
13.C细节理解题。在第四段至第七段中,研究人员通过定量研究，先研究喜鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的，再对有黑额矿吸蜜鸟叫声的时候喜鹊的反应进行监控、对比,进而获得了研究结果。
14. B细节理解题。根据倒数第五段第二句“It pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”可知,喜鹊关注能够更好地观察捕食者的黑额矿吸蜜鸟有利于保护自身的安全。所以喜鹊的认知能力能更好地保护其免受潜在的威胁。
15. D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是“Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition research. It’s a good piece of the puzzle,’Potvin said.”可知人类一直都在探索动物的认知能力。由此可知对于动物的认知能力,仍然需要进一步探索。
第二节
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(环境保护)。话题:保护环境。本文是一篇说明文，从四个方面阐述了我们在校园中如何节约能源、保护环境。
16.B关联逻辑法解题。根据句子的结构判断,空格处是一个从句，七个选项中只有B、C和G三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知，此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生,总有许多可以帮助你们学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为B。
17.E.设题位置法解题。本段主要介绍在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。本段中的“turning off the lights”“Turn off the lights”等也提示答案为E。
18. F关联逻辑法解题。本段主要介绍当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的times of day与F项中的Other times of day相对应,故选F。
19.C关联逻辑法解题。本段介绍在学校内设立回收站(回收可循环使用的材料)。C选项中的one指代主题句中的a recycling station。
20. A 词汇锁定法解题。根据下文的提示“put up signs”“using signs”“some signs”可以判断答案为A。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(人与植物)。话题:树木。本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树木总是能吸引人们，它们古老而又美丽,是艺术家们的灵感来源，树木之间的团结协作使它们更加强大。此外树木对环境和地球的生存都极其重要。
21. B下文语境题。根据空后的thousands of years of history并结合选项可知，树木是地球上最古老的(oldest)生命形式。故选B。
22. C上下文语境题。根据语境可知,树木与成千.上万年的历史有直接的联系，它们赋予艺术家们灵感( inspired)。C项意为“赋予灵感”，故选C。A项意为“统治”;B项意为“赞助”;D项意为“欺骗”。
23. B下文语境题。根据空后的a science fiction story可知，“我”小时候偶然(came across)读到一篇科幻故事。B项意为“偶然发现",故选B。A项意为“吸人，理解”;C项意为“留出”;D项意为“保持，继续”。
24. C下文语境题。根据下文中的“an advanced civilization” “ their spaceship”以及“The aliens”可知，这里表示的是来自先进文明的访客(visitors) 。invader 意为“侵略者”,应排除。
25. A上下文语境题。根据上题的解析以及空后的“in the middle of a forest” 可知,外来的宇宙飞船降落( lands )在森林中间。
26. B下文语境题。根据下文中的noble , intelligent and peaceful并结合选项可以推测出那些外星人在离开时，应该是高兴的(happy)。故选B。
27.B.下文语境题。根据下文中的“trees growing together share all of the available resources”可知,树木在生长的过程中,会分享所有可以得到的资源。由此可以推测出,树木知道(know)自己是整个群体的一部分, 并且知道合作比竞争(competition )对一个群体更好。
28. C.上文语境题。 参见上题解析。
29. D上下文语境题。根据语境可知，这里表示科学家才刚刚开始去了解树木之间的合作是怎样运作( works)的。
30. A下文语境题。根据空后的“that receive less sunlight”可知,强壮的树木所处的位置(position)应该是好的。故选A。C项意为“等级，排列”。
31. D上文语境题。根据.上文中的“being part of a community”“cooperation”以及“share”可推知,此处表示通过合作( team up)，整个树木群体就会使自己变得更加强大。A项意为“撤退”;B项意为“提出，养育”;C项意为“还击,抑制住”。
32.D.上下文语境题。根据该句中的“grow together under the ground”可知，这里表示的是树根(roots)。故选D。
33.B.上下文语境题。根据上题的解析可知,因为树木互相协作、分享资源，并且树根也相互缠绕生长,这样就使得整个群体面对强风或洪水时真的(really )更加强大了。故选B。
34. C上下文语境题。根据语境并结合常识可知，树木对环境和地球的生存都至关重要(vital)。
35. A上下文语境题。根据语境可知,树木已经为人类做出了巨大的贡献，也许未来它们会提供给(offer)我们更多的东西。故选A.
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(人与动物)。话题:遇见一只浣熊。本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者与孩子们几年前遇见一只浣熊的经历。
36.pointing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,动词point与句子的谓语动词said之间没有连词,且逻辑主语my son与point之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式作状语。
37.tasty考查词形转换。此处修饰名词lunch,需用其形容词形式，所以填tasty“美味的”。
38.held考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语a wrapped sandwich与hold之间是被动关系,故此处应用其过去分词形式。
39. Surprisingly考查副词。 句意:令人吃惊的是,他没有跑开,而是跳下来然后漫不经心地走到路上的-一个地点，离我们坐的地方不到一米。根据句意可知,此处应用副词surprisingly修饰整个句子。
40. where考查宾语从句。 句意参见上题解析。根据句意并结合句子结构可知,此处应用where引导宾语从句,作介词from的宾语。
41. entertainment考查名词。根据空前的better 可推知,此处应填其名词形式entertainment,意为“娱乐”,是不可数名词。
42.if/whether考查名词性从句。句意:他看了我们一眼,也许是想察看我们是否打算偷他的午餐。根据空前的see,并结合句意可知，此处应用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，作及物动词see的宾语。
43.With考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,意为“用”,故填With。
44.was uncovered考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他用纤细的手指剥去塑料包装层，直到吃了一半的三明治露了出来。根据该句中的peeled back可知，此处应用一般过去时;且sandwich与uncover之间是被动关系,故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
45. dipped考查动词的时态。通读全文可知,本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，且根据空前的turned to和并列连词and可知，此处用一般过去时。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are interested in the photos I posted on the school website, I’m glad to tell you about them.
It is last Saturday that our school organized a “Learning from Farmers” activity. My classmates and I went to a farm in northern Beijing where we helped the farmers pick apples the whole day.
I am very happy because I worked and helped the farmers. And I learned for the first time of the difficulty getting fruits onto the kitchen table.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
They set the tied branches on the ground next to the log. The log was luckily the exact length of the tied branches. Alex and Maria were very happy and they placed the log across the river. Then they fixed their side of the log with branches and rocks before they walked across it to reach the other side of the river.
Alex and Maria managed to get to the other side of the river. When they got there，they secured the other side of the log with branches and rocks, too, and looked back at their handiwork. It had been a good day’s work , and they were indeed proud of that. They really felt pleased because they finally succeeded in solving the problem by using their intelligence. Now they were free to enjoy the cool water in the fountain.
12 / 16
第一部分:阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选 出最佳选项。
A
(2020.浙江杭州高一下检测) A Portland , Oregon man has traveled across Antarctica by himself without receiving any assistance. Adventurer Colin O’ Brady completed the 1, 500-kilometre trip in December, 2018. He crossed the continent
in 54 days. Friends, family and other people followed his progress through messages and pictures he left on social media. O’ Brady spoke with his family by telephone soon after he completed the journey. “It was an emotional call,” his wife Jenna Besaw said. “He seemed overwhelmed (充溢) by love and appreciation, and he really wanted to say ‘Thank you’ to all of us.”
O’ Brady documented the trip on the social networking service. He called his journey “The Impossible First”. He wrote that he traveled the last 129 kilometres in one big, final push to the finish line. The distance took over one day to complete.
O’ Brady wrote, “While the last 32 hours were some of the most challenging hours of my life, they have quite honestly been the best moments I have ever experienced.”
The day before, he wrote that he was “in the zone” and thought he could make it to the end without stopping. “I’m listening to my body and taking care of the details to keep myself safe,” he wrote. “I called home and talked to my mom, sister and wife—I promised them I will stop when I need to.”
Other people have traveled across Antarctica, but they all had some form of assistance. They had either better, more plentiful supplies or devices that helped move them forward. In 2016, British explorer Henry Worsley died in his attempt to travel alone across Antarctica, unassisted. Worsley’s friend Louis Rudd is now attempting an unaided solo journey in Worsley’s honor. He is competing against O’ Brady to be the
first to do it. Besaw told the Associated Press that her husband plans to stay on Antarctica until Rudd finishes his trip.
1. Why did Jenna Besaw say “It was an emotional call”
A. O’ Brady was grateful for people’ s concern.
B. She was concerned about O’ Brady’s safety.
C. O’ Brady was too excited to express his feelings.
D. She was proud of what O’ Brady had accomplished.
2. What can be inferred about O’ Brady from the last paragraph
A. He returned home after completing the journey.
B. He defeated Rudd in their competition.
C. He traveled across Antarctica in Worsley’s honor.
D. He had some assistance in the adventure.
3. Which saying can best describe O’ Brady’s success
A. Union is strength.
B. Rome was not built in one day.
C. Well begun is half done.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
B
(2020.山东烟台高一下检测) Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, and others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant-eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive (先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin-Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme (酶), which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked,” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars (毛虫) , which usually eat tomato leaves
greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says
Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects,” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants
felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That’s the million-dollar question,” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
4. John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________.
A. make them grow better
B. give them a warning
C. keep plant-eating animals away
D. inform plant-eating animals of danger
5. Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To introduce another animal.
B. To confirm the result of the study.
C. To appeal to people to protect animals.
D. To analyse different resistance chemicals.
6. What does Richard Karban really want to know
A. How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B. What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C. Whether the research is of practical value.
D. What the finding of the research is.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Watchful Plants
B. Greedy Animals
C. A Snail’s Approach
D. A Defensive Attack
C
(2020.黑龙江哈尔滨高一下测试)The different parts of a health-care system have different focuses. A hospital’s stroke (中风)unit monitors blood flow in the brain. The cardiac unit is interested in that same flow，but through and from the heart. Each collection of equipment and data is effective in its own field. Thus, like the story of blind men feeling an elephant, modern health care offers many separate pictures of a patient, but rarely a useful united one.
On top of alt this, the instruments that doctors use to monitor health are often expensive, as is the training required to use them. That combined cost is too high for the medical system to scan regularly, for early signs of illness, so patients are at risk of heart disease or a stroke.
An unusual research project called AlzEye, run by Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, in cooperation with University College, London (UCL), may change this. It is attempting to use the eye as a window through which signals about the health of other organs could be discovered. The doctors in charge of it, Siegfried Wagner and Pearse Keane, are studying Moorfields’ database of eye scans, which offers a detailed picture of the health of the retina (视网膜).
The project will go a step further: With the information about other aspects of patients’ health collected from other hospitals around England , doctors will be able to look for more accurate signs of disease through eye scans.
The Moorfields data set has lots of linked cases to work with—far more than any similar project. For instance, the UK Biobank，one of the world’s leading collections of medical data about individual people, contains 631 cases of a “major cardiac adverse event”. The Moorfields data contain about 12, 000 such. The Biobank has data on about 1, 500 stroke patients. Moorfields has 11, 900. For the disease on which the Moorfields project will focus to start with dementia, the data set holds 15, 100 cases. The only comparable study has 86.
Wagner and Keane are searching for patterns in the eye that show the emergence of disease elsewhere in the body. If such patterns could be recognized reliably, the potential impact would be huge.
8. Why does the author mention “the story of blind men feeling an elephant” in Paragraph 1
A. To claim the ineffectiveness of our health care system.
B. To tell the similarity in various health care units.
C. To explain the limitation of modern health care.
D. To show the complexity of patients’ pictures.
9. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. The challenge of making advanced medical instruments.
B. The high risk of getting a heart disease or a stroke.
C. The inconvenience of modern health care service.
D. The incomplete and expensive health monitoring.
10. How does AlzEye work
A. By thoroughly examining one’s body organs.
B. By identifying one’s state of health through eye scans.
C. By helping doctors discover one’s diseases of the eye.
D. By comparing the eye-scan data from different hospitals.
11. What can be inferred about the Moorfields’ project from Paragraph 5
A. It takes advantage of abundantly available medical data.
B. It makes the collection of medical data more convenient.
C. It improves the Moorfields’ competitiveness in the medical field.
D. It strengthens data sharing between the Moorfields and the Biobank.
D
(2020.江苏南通高一下检测)Australian magpies can understand what other birds are saying to each other, a new study has found.
The research, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, says the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls and essentially eavesdrops (偷听) to find out which predators (捕食者) are near. Noisy miners—a small, native honeyeater—have different warning calls for ground-based and aerial (空中的) predators. By playing both kinds of recordings to a series of wild magpies, researchers observed the magpies raising their beaks (喙)to the sky, or dropping their heads to the ground.
Researchers attracted the magpies with cheese, then played the noisy miner calls, videotaping the results.
As a control, they also rolled a large orange ball towards the magpies to see how they ordinarily tilted (倾斜) their beaks to ground threats, and threw the ball to see how they reacted to aerial threats.
The researchers recorded an average maximum beak angle of 29 degrees for the thrown ball, and an average maximum of nine degrees when it was rolled.
The miners’ aerial warning caused an average maximum beak angle of 31 degrees, and the ground warming caused an average maximum of 24.
One of the study’s authors, Dominique Potvin, said the magpies showed an astonishing level of insight.
Magpies and miners broadly face the same types of predators and the two frequently live in the same ecosystem. Potvin said this had encouraged the magpies’ learned behaviour.
“Magpies are generally found on the ground and noisy miners are generally found up in trees. It pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”
She said it was unclear whether other birds could do the same, but it was highly likely other magpies around Australia already did.
“Magpies are a pretty smart group. We’re not sure if they’re learning this from other magpies or if they’re figuring it out on their own, but the ability is there.”
As part of the experiment, researchers also played a third call: a common, non-warning call from a crimson rosella. They found the magpies did not respond.
Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition (认知) research.“It’s a good piece of the puzzle,” Potvin said. “Looking at the social relationships between species that live in communities.”
12. What have the researchers found about Australian magpies
A. They can understand other bird calls.
B. They can communicate with noisy miners.
C. They have a special preference for cheese.
D. They have the ability to warn the predators.
13. How did the researchers get their findings
A. By calculating the beak angles of aerial and ground predators.
B. By comparing the magpie’s and the noisy miner's responses to threats.
C. By monitoring the magpie’s responses to the noisy miner’s warning calls.
D. By recording the magpie’s louder scream for other birds’ attention.
14. The magpies’ cognition can help them ________.
A. have a better view of the predators than the noisy miners
B. better protect themselves from the potential threats
C. cooperate with other birds to drive away the predators
D. live in harmony with other birds in the same ecosystem
15. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. the magpies are smart learners of other birds’ behaviour
B. It’s likely that other birds have developed the same ability
C. the findings have clarified the relationships between species
D. a lot more remains to be explored about animal cognition
第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2020.安徽合肥高一下检测) Schools consume a large amount of energy, which has a bad effect on the environment. 16 , there are lots of ways that you can help your school save energy. Look for simple changes your school can make and band together with others to make an even bigger effect.
17 , Even something as simple as turning off the lights when you leave a room can help save energy. Tum off the lights in classrooms that are not being used and in other areas, such as empty bathrooms and unoccupied multi-purpose rooms.
Use natural light when the sun is bright. It may not always be necessary for you to have the lights on in your classroom. There may be times of day when the sun is especially bright and enough for what you are doing in your classroom. 18 .
Set up a recycling station at your school. Recycling is a great way to save energy because it reduces the need to produce new materials. 19 , then ask your school principal if you can set one up.
Get others involved. 20. Either as an individual or as a team, you can create and put up signs around your school. Try using signs that remind people of things they can do to save energy and also some signs that raise awareness of saving energy.
A. Post signs about conserving energy
B. Whether you are a teacher or a student
C. If your school does not have one
D. Tum off your computer when it’s not used
E. Shut down the lights when rooms are not in use
F Other times of day you might only need half of the lights
G. If your school’s garbage company offers recycling services
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给 的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020.广东惠州高一下检测)Trees always have attraction for people. They are the 21 life form on our planet, As a direct link with thousands of years of history，trees have 22 artists over the years.
When I was a child I 23 a science fiction story that made me think about trees in a new way. In the story, 24 from an advanced civilization come to our planet and their
spaceship 25 in the middle of a forest. The aliens (外星人) have a long conversation with the trees of the forest and then leave, 26 to think that the inhabitants (居民) of Earth arc noble, intelligent and peaceful.
Trees 27 a lot about being part of a community and that cooperation is better for a society than 28. Scientists are only just beginning to understand how it all 29 , but we know trees growing together share all of the available resources with each other. So, strong trees in a good 30 will share food and water with weaker trees that receive less sunlight. By 31 , a community of trees makes itself stronger. The 32 of giant redwood trees, for example , grow together under the ground as if they are holding hands. This means that they are 33 stronger when there are heavy winds or floods.
We know that trees are 34 for the environment and the survival of our planet. Perhaps they have more to 35.
21. A. kindest B. oldest C. heaviest D. fittest
22. A. governed B. sponsored C. inspired D. tricked
23. A. took in B. came across C. set aside D. kept up
24. A. workers B. researchers C. visitors D. invaders
25. A. lands B. drops C. flies D. shoots
26. A. curious B. happy C. sad D. grateful
27. A. get B. know C. afford D. send
28. A. regulation B. management C. competition D. construction
29. A. learns B. ends C. grows D. works
30. A. position B. manner C. rank D. model
31. A. pulling back B. bringing up C. fighting back D. teaming up
32. A. branches B. fruits C. leaves D. roots
33. A. nearly B. really C. only D. merely
34. A. popular B. suitable C. vital D. normal
35. A. offer B. take C. pay D. study
第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020.山东枣庄高一下检测)A few years ago, after a long morning of sightseeing in New York, my children and I took a rest on a park bench in Central Park.
“Look!” my son said, 36. ________(point) to a nearby rubbish bin. That’s when we saw a raccoon(浣熊). Quite feeling at home in the big city, he paid us no attention,
concentrating only on finding a 37. ________(taste) lunch. He sorted through a few options before coming out with a wrapped sandwich 38. ________(hold) between his paws.
39. ________(surprise), rather than run away, he jumped down and walked casually to a spot on the path, not a metre from 40. ________ we sat. The children were spellbound, as the raccoon was providing better 41. ________(entertain) than any museum. He glanced at us, perhaps checking to see 42. ________ we were about to steal his lunch.
43. ________ delicate fingers, he peeled back the layer of plastic wrap until the half-eaten sandwich 44. ________(uncover).
Then he surprised us all. Instead of starting eating his food, he turned to a nearby pool of water and 45. ________(dip) his paws in it. With a casual air, he rubbed his paws together underwater for a moment , brushed his fur , and then started gracefully picking at his meal.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
(2020.安徽淮南高一下检测)假定你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友Jim在你们学校网站上看到了学生参加学农活动的照片,很感兴趣,发来邮件询问。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:
1.学农活动的相关信息(时间、内容... ;)
2.你参加学农活动的感受。
注意：1.词数80左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数。
提示词:学农learn from farmers
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
(2020.浙江杭州高一下检测)Summer vacation had just begun, and Alex and Maria were ready to spend all day outside. They decided to walk to the neighborhood park, where there was a river that they liked to swim in when it was particularly hot.
When they got to the river, they saw that it was too deep to swim in. Alex and Maria were disappointed. On the other side of the river , about fifty yards away, there was a fountain from which the water was flowing out. “We should go play in the
fountain,” Maria said. “How will we get there ” asked Alex.
Maria looked around the grassy river bank and noticed a few logs and branches lying close to the water. “We could build a bridge!” she said. She ran over to a thick log that looked long enough to be placed across the river. Together, she and Alex
lifted the log onto their shoulders and walked it to the water. Here, they stopped. How would they get the branches across
Maria suggested throwing it down into the water and seeing if it reached the other side. That seemed improper to Alex-what if the branches did not reach the other side of the river, and got stuck or swept away by the water Then they would be unable to walk all the way across the river.
Maria wondered if they could measure the distance from the river bank they stood on to the other shore. They put the log carefully down and decided to test the distance with lighter, thinner branches. They found a few branches and they tied the
branches together using their hair bands.
At their first attempt，they tied two branches together and went back to the river to test the length. The branches only reached the centre of the water. After tying two more branches together to the initial branches, Alex and Maria were able to get the thin model bridge to touch the far bank. “Hooray!” Maria said. “Now we know how long the log needs to be.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
They set the tied branches on the ground next to the log. ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alex and Maria managed to get to the other side of the river. ________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(地球与宇宙探索)。话题:探索南极洲。这是一则新闻报道，介绍了美国冒险家Colin O’ Brady在经过54天的跋涉后成功横越南极洲。他成为首个未通过任何援助独自穿越南极洲的人。
1.A 句意理解题。结合第一段中的“Friends, family and other people followed..by love and appreciation..." 可知, O’ Brady成功穿越南极洲后打电话向家人报喜,他妻子认为这个电话是充满感情的,因为她体会到了丈夫对所有关注他的人的感激。
2. B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Louis Rudd..to stay on Antarctica until Rudd finishes his trip."可知, O’ Brady在完成这段旅程后将在南极洲等待Rudd完成他的旅程，由此可知，在他们两个，人的这场比赛中, O’ Brady战胜了Rudd。
3. D推理判断题。美国冒险家O’ Brady不畏艰难,历时54天成功横越南极洲，独自完成了总长1500千米的冒险旅程,他的成功印证了“有志者事竞成”这一格言,与D项表达吻合。
B
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(自然生态)。话题:植物自我保护。本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物.会对外在威胁相当警觉,会自动作出反应进行自我保护。
4.B推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知,John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告,让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼应,故选B。
5. B推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study , his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。
6.A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句并结合最后一段可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的,故选A。
7.A标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant,并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究,研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应,故选A。
C
[语篇解读]主题:人与社会(科学与技术)。话题:通过眼睛扫描信息发现疾病。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个试图通过眼睛扫描信息来发现疾病早期迹象的研究项目。
8. C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“modern health care offers many separate pictures.. .rarely a useful united one”可知，盲人摸象的例子是为了解释现代医疗检查很少能全面地提供患者的整体情况，因此具有局限性。
9. D代词指代题。前两段主要讲了现代医疗检查的局限性以及高昂的费用,而一项不同寻常的研究项目AlzEye也许能改变这一现状。故D项正确。
10. B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is attempting to use the eye...health of other organs....”及第四段可知，AlzEye的工作模式是通过眼部扫描来辨别一个人的健康状况。
11.A推理判断题。根据第五段列举的数据信息可知,Moorfields的项目和同类项目相比,充分利用了更多现存的数据。
D
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(自然生态)。话题:喜鹊的能力。本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了一项研究发现，澳大利亚喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的交谈，而关于动物的认知能力还有待于人类进一步探索。
12.A细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段中的“the magpie has learned the meanings of different noisy miner calls”可知，喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的叫声。
13.C细节理解题。在第四段至第七段中,研究人员通过定量研究，先研究喜鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的，再对有黑额矿吸蜜鸟叫声的时候喜鹊的反应进行监控、对比,进而获得了研究结果。
14. B细节理解题。根据倒数第五段第二句“It pays for the magpie to pay attention to somebody who has a better view of predators than they do.”可知,喜鹊关注能够更好地观察捕食者的黑额矿吸蜜鸟有利于保护自身的安全。所以喜鹊的认知能力能更好地保护其免受潜在的威胁。
15. D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是“Potvin said that we had been actively exploring animal cognition research. It’s a good piece of the puzzle,’Potvin said.”可知人类一直都在探索动物的认知能力。由此可知对于动物的认知能力,仍然需要进一步探索。
第二节
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(环境保护)。话题:保护环境。本文是一篇说明文，从四个方面阐述了我们在校园中如何节约能源、保护环境。
16.B关联逻辑法解题。根据句子的结构判断,空格处是一个从句，七个选项中只有B、C和G三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知，此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生,总有许多可以帮助你们学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为B。
17.E.设题位置法解题。本段主要介绍在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。本段中的“turning off the lights”“Turn off the lights”等也提示答案为E。
18. F关联逻辑法解题。本段主要介绍当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的times of day与F项中的Other times of day相对应,故选F。
19.C关联逻辑法解题。本段介绍在学校内设立回收站(回收可循环使用的材料)。C选项中的one指代主题句中的a recycling station。
20. A 词汇锁定法解题。根据下文的提示“put up signs”“using signs”“some signs”可以判断答案为A。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(人与植物)。话题:树木。本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树木总是能吸引人们，它们古老而又美丽,是艺术家们的灵感来源，树木之间的团结协作使它们更加强大。此外树木对环境和地球的生存都极其重要。
21. B下文语境题。根据空后的thousands of years of history并结合选项可知，树木是地球上最古老的(oldest)生命形式。故选B。
22. C上下文语境题。根据语境可知,树木与成千.上万年的历史有直接的联系，它们赋予艺术家们灵感( inspired)。C项意为“赋予灵感”，故选C。A项意为“统治”;B项意为“赞助”;D项意为“欺骗”。
23. B下文语境题。根据空后的a science fiction story可知，“我”小时候偶然(came across)读到一篇科幻故事。B项意为“偶然发现",故选B。A项意为“吸人，理解”;C项意为“留出”;D项意为“保持，继续”。
24. C下文语境题。根据下文中的“an advanced civilization” “ their spaceship”以及“The aliens”可知，这里表示的是来自先进文明的访客(visitors) 。invader 意为“侵略者”,应排除。
25. A上下文语境题。根据上题的解析以及空后的“in the middle of a forest” 可知,外来的宇宙飞船降落( lands )在森林中间。
26. B下文语境题。根据下文中的noble , intelligent and peaceful并结合选项可以推测出那些外星人在离开时，应该是高兴的(happy)。故选B。
27.B.下文语境题。根据下文中的“trees growing together share all of the available resources”可知,树木在生长的过程中,会分享所有可以得到的资源。由此可以推测出,树木知道(know)自己是整个群体的一部分, 并且知道合作比竞争(competition )对一个群体更好。
28. C.上文语境题。 参见上题解析。
29. D上下文语境题。根据语境可知，这里表示科学家才刚刚开始去了解树木之间的合作是怎样运作( works)的。
30. A下文语境题。根据空后的“that receive less sunlight”可知,强壮的树木所处的位置(position)应该是好的。故选A。C项意为“等级，排列”。
31. D上文语境题。根据.上文中的“being part of a community”“cooperation”以及“share”可推知,此处表示通过合作( team up)，整个树木群体就会使自己变得更加强大。A项意为“撤退”;B项意为“提出，养育”;C项意为“还击,抑制住”。
32.D.上下文语境题。根据该句中的“grow together under the ground”可知，这里表示的是树根(roots)。故选D。
33.B.上下文语境题。根据上题的解析可知,因为树木互相协作、分享资源，并且树根也相互缠绕生长,这样就使得整个群体面对强风或洪水时真的(really )更加强大了。故选B。
34. C上下文语境题。根据语境并结合常识可知，树木对环境和地球的生存都至关重要(vital)。
35. A上下文语境题。根据语境可知,树木已经为人类做出了巨大的贡献，也许未来它们会提供给(offer)我们更多的东西。故选A.
[语篇解读]主题:人与自然(人与动物)。话题:遇见一只浣熊。本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者与孩子们几年前遇见一只浣熊的经历。
36.pointing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,动词point与句子的谓语动词said之间没有连词,且逻辑主语my son与point之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式作状语。
37.tasty考查词形转换。此处修饰名词lunch,需用其形容词形式，所以填tasty“美味的”。
38.held考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语a wrapped sandwich与hold之间是被动关系,故此处应用其过去分词形式。
39. Surprisingly考查副词。 句意:令人吃惊的是,他没有跑开,而是跳下来然后漫不经心地走到路上的-一个地点，离我们坐的地方不到一米。根据句意可知,此处应用副词surprisingly修饰整个句子。
40. where考查宾语从句。 句意参见上题解析。根据句意并结合句子结构可知,此处应用where引导宾语从句,作介词from的宾语。
41. entertainment考查名词。根据空前的better 可推知,此处应填其名词形式entertainment,意为“娱乐”,是不可数名词。
42.if/whether考查名词性从句。句意:他看了我们一眼,也许是想察看我们是否打算偷他的午餐。根据空前的see,并结合句意可知，此处应用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，作及物动词see的宾语。
43.With考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,意为“用”,故填With。
44.was uncovered考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他用纤细的手指剥去塑料包装层，直到吃了一半的三明治露了出来。根据该句中的peeled back可知，此处应用一般过去时;且sandwich与uncover之间是被动关系,故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
45. dipped考查动词的时态。通读全文可知,本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，且根据空前的turned to和并列连词and可知，此处用一般过去时。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
Knowing that you are interested in the photos I posted on the school website, I’m glad to tell you about them.
It is last Saturday that our school organized a “Learning from Farmers” activity. My classmates and I went to a farm in northern Beijing where we helped the farmers pick apples the whole day.
I am very happy because I worked and helped the farmers. And I learned for the first time of the difficulty getting fruits onto the kitchen table.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
They set the tied branches on the ground next to the log. The log was luckily the exact length of the tied branches. Alex and Maria were very happy and they placed the log across the river. Then they fixed their side of the log with branches and rocks before they walked across it to reach the other side of the river.
Alex and Maria managed to get to the other side of the river. When they got there，they secured the other side of the log with branches and rocks, too, and looked back at their handiwork. It had been a good day’s work , and they were indeed proud of that. They really felt pleased because they finally succeeded in solving the problem by using their intelligence. Now they were free to enjoy the cool water in the fountain.
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