外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature阅读技能突破-真题展示练习（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature阅读技能突破-真题展示练习（含解析） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 16.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-02 21:03:22 | ||
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Unit6 阅读技能突破-真题展示
[天津2019·C篇]How does an ecosystem（生态系统） work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can s survive the extinction（灭绝） of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species--including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator ________.
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in paragraph 4
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
【语篇导读】本文讲述的是科学家们利用食物网的数学建模了解到食物网的关系，以及顶端捕食动物数量变化对其他物种的影响，进而指出人类无计划的活动会给生态系统带来极大破坏，呼吁人类采取预防措施，维持生态系统的平衡。
1. B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知，科学家们发现了食物网运作的关键原则，此处的such models指的就是上文提到mathematical models.
【微技能】运用寻读法解细节理解题
做细节理解题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。另外在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词。注意线索词在文章中的位置，并标出实词的出处。
2. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的When a predator always eats huge numbers of a single prey, the two species are strongly linked可知，当一种掠食动物总是大量猎食单一的猎物时，这两个物种间会有紧密的联系。
3. D细节理解题。第三段中讲到，顶端捕食动物微小的变化会给整个生态系统带来巨大的影响，并以20世纪60年代科学家提出的观点为例加以说明。根据第三段中的predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species--including species they did not directly attack可知，顶端捕食动物的数量变化极大地影响了其他物种的数量变化。
4. A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可推断，第四段中所举的例子说明人类无计划的活动极大地破坏了生态平衡。
5. D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的the system would tell us when to adapt human activities以及Prevention is key可知，该系统会提醒我们什么时候调整人类活动，使其不让生态系统崩溃，即会通过发出需要采取预防行动的紧急信号来帮助我们维持生态系统的平衡。
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[天津2019·C篇]How does an ecosystem（生态系统） work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can s survive the extinction（灭绝） of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species--including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
2.A strong link is found between two species when a predator ________.
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
3.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
4.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in paragraph 4
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
5.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
【语篇导读】本文讲述的是科学家们利用食物网的数学建模了解到食物网的关系，以及顶端捕食动物数量变化对其他物种的影响，进而指出人类无计划的活动会给生态系统带来极大破坏，呼吁人类采取预防措施，维持生态系统的平衡。
1. B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知，科学家们发现了食物网运作的关键原则，此处的such models指的就是上文提到mathematical models.
【微技能】运用寻读法解细节理解题
做细节理解题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。另外在题干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词。注意线索词在文章中的位置，并标出实词的出处。
2. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的When a predator always eats huge numbers of a single prey, the two species are strongly linked可知，当一种掠食动物总是大量猎食单一的猎物时，这两个物种间会有紧密的联系。
3. D细节理解题。第三段中讲到，顶端捕食动物微小的变化会给整个生态系统带来巨大的影响，并以20世纪60年代科学家提出的观点为例加以说明。根据第三段中的predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species--including species they did not directly attack可知，顶端捕食动物的数量变化极大地影响了其他物种的数量变化。
4. A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可推断，第四段中所举的例子说明人类无计划的活动极大地破坏了生态平衡。
5. D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的the system would tell us when to adapt human activities以及Prevention is key可知，该系统会提醒我们什么时候调整人类活动，使其不让生态系统崩溃，即会通过发出需要采取预防行动的紧急信号来帮助我们维持生态系统的平衡。
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