外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit6 易混易错点辨析
●现在完成时; 现在完成进行时
【教材原句】
This train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining. (教材P62)
All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. (教材P62)
Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. (教材P63)
Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. (教材P63)
The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. (教材P63)
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries. (教材P63)
Now, thanks to our efforts, passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. (教材P63)
【辨析】
两者都有“现在完成”，但意思稍有不同。
现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，到说话时已经完成，且强调对现在造成的影响。
现在完成进行时 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在， 而且仍然在继续。
温馨提示：
①当动词是延续性动词时，两者可换用。
②当强调未完成或动作要持续下去时，一般只用现在完成进行时
【例句呈现】
Recently he has interviewed the famous table tennis player.
最近，他采访了那个著名的乒乓球运动员。
He has been interviewing the famous table tennis player.
他一直在采访那位乒乓球运动员。
These boys have finished their homework, so they can go out to play.
这些孩子已经完成了作业，因此他们可以出去玩了。
You look very tired. What have you been doing
你看起来很累的样子，一直在做什么？
Student pranksters have done considerable damage to the school buildings.
恶作剧的学生对学校的建筑造成相当大的损坏。
This man has done nothing wrong.
这位男子没有做过不正当的事。
She has done more to divide the Conservatives than anyone else
她在分裂保守党这件事上所起的作用比任何人都大。
Biological systems have been doing this for billions of years
生物系统亿万年来一直都是这样。
Some scientists have been doing research on artificial internal organs.
一些科学家一直在研究人造内脏。
We will continue to do what we have been doing. Nothing changes."
我们会继续做我们一直在做的。没有什么会发生变化。”
What she has done/has been doing is perfectly legal.
她的所作所为是完全合法的。
I have done/have been doing woodwork for many years.
我做木工好多年了。
【考点过关】
用现在完成时或现在完成进行时填空
1. So far do you know what those naughty boys _______ (do)
2. I __________ (work) here since I moved here in 1999.
3. This research ______ (do) much to advance our understanding of language learning.
4. She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
5. She _______ (do) her best to keep calm but finds herself trembling with tension.
6. Those who _______ (do) evil should immediately stop, repent and start anew and make amends for their crimes by good deeds.
7. So far I _________ (make) quite a few friends here.
8. Some American scientists ________ (do) well in developing markets for many years.
9. The old man ________ (repair) cars for thirty years.
10. He _______ (do) this sort of work for years and will continue.
11. And driving on Mars is exactly what planetary scientist Steve Square _______ (do) since 2004 and it will never stop.
12. Jack ________ (practice) Tai Chi for more than a year.
【参考答案】
1. have done; 2. have worked/have been working; 3. has done/has been doing; 4. has lived/has been living; 5. has done; 6. have been doing; 7. have made; 8. have been doing/have done; 9. has been repairing/has repaired; 10. has been doing; 11. has been doing; 12. has been practicing/has practiced
●overcome；conquer
【教材原句】
Taking years to complete, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges. (教材P62)
【辨析】
两者都有“战胜”的意思，但其含义有一定区别。
overcome 意思是“克服，解决，战胜”，宾语常常是困难、问题、障碍等。
conquer 意思是“征服，占领，攻占，克服”，宾语常常是国家、民族，自然界的客观事物，如，高山，大海，河流等等。
温馨提示：两者都可指战胜对手，消除或克服差异，克服或战胜心理方面的问题，如，恐惧，悲伤，焦虑等，这时两者可换用。
【例句呈现】
She overcame/conquered her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness.
她克服了胆怯的毛病，非常坦率地说出了自己的想法。
The two parties managed to overcome/conquer their differences on the issue.
两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。
She overcame/conquered injury to win the Olympic gold medal.
她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
She was trying to overcome/conquer her physical repugnance for him.
她努力克制对他非常强烈的反感。
In the final game Sweden easily overcame/conquered France.
在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles that have been placed in our path.
至此，我们已设法排除了设置在道路上的一切障碍。
Find a way to overcome your difficulties.
找出办法战胜困难。
I then realized how possible it was to overcome/conquer your limitations.
那时我才意识到，人克服自身局限的可能性到底有多大。
Western officials say the problem is minor, and should be quickly overcome.
西方官员称这个问题并不严重，应该很快就会解决。
I would overcome/conquered any weakness, any despair, any fear.
我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
诺尔曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
Mont Blanc was conquered in 1786.
勃朗峰于1786年被征服。
【考点过关】
根据overcome和conquer用法，用其适当形式填空。
1. The world champion ______ yet another challenger last night.
2. The night before the test I _______ by fear and despair
3. I ________ my moral scruples at last.
4. They had to _______ formidable obstacles.
5. During 1936, Mussolini _______ Abyssinia
6. Human beings are learning to ______ all kinds of natural disasters.
7. The Spanish _______ the New World in the sixteenth century.
8. So far, we ________ the enemy.
9. When will scientists ________ the stars
10. The long-cherished dream of _________ the Huanghe River will become a reality.
11. Man will ________ nature.
12. Something gave me the strength __________ the difficulty
13. To succeed, you must learn ________ obstacles.
14. Early in the eleventh century the whole of England _______ again by the Vikings.
15. In the wake of developments in science and technology, man has become more capable of _______ nature.
16. There is always one thing ________ another.
【参考答案】
1. conquered/overcame; 2. was overcome/conquered; 3. overcame/conquered; 4. overcome; 5. conquered; 6. conquer; 7. conquered; 8. have conquered; 9. conquer; 10. conquering; 11. conquer; 12. to overcome; 13. to overcome; 14. was conquered; 15. conquering; 16. to conquer/overcome
●climate; weather
【教材原句】
In locations such as this, the thin air, changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. (教材P63)
【辨析】
三者都与气象有关，但含义上有一定区别。
climate意思是“气候;气候区;倾向;思潮;风气;环境气氛”。做“气候”讲时，指某一地区常年长期的天气情况，包括气温、干旱程度、降雨量等。
weather意思是“天气，气象”， 通常指某一地区短期内具体的气象变化，包括晴雨寒暖等情况, 属于气候内容的一种表现。
【例句呈现】
He was not used to the local climate.
他不习惯当地的气候。
For most of the year, we have a dry climate in Beijing.
一年中大部分时间，北京的气候都很干燥。
The climate in this region is unwholesome.
这个地区的气候于健康不利。
It is difficult to find work in the present economic climate.
在目前这种经济大气候下很难找到工作。
You'll soon get used to the climate here.
你会很快习惯这儿的气候的。
This will not be possible in the changed economic climate.
这在经济气候已经改变的条件下是不可能的。
Social norm requests that the translation motivation be in accordance with the social climate.
社会规范是指社会思潮要求翻译目的与之吻合。
The biggest ranking criteria in the whole survey is political and social climate.
美世调查报告最重要的一项标准就是政治和社会风气。
There's going to be a change in the weather.
天气将有变化。
Gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather.
燃气和燃油的消耗量在天冷时总会增加。
The bad weather is causing problems for many farmers.
恶劣的天气给许多农民造成了困难。
The weather was very kind to us.
天气非常宜人。
The weather got so bad that we had to turn back.
天气变得非常恶劣，我们不得不循原路折回。
Weather satellites have observed a ring of volcanic ash girdling the earth
气象卫星观测到一个环绕地球的火山灰带。
According to the weather forecast, frost is expected tomorrow morning.
据气象预报，明晨将有霜冻。
【考点过关】
用climate和weather填空
1. What was the ________ like on your vacation
2. _______ change of the whole world is still very much a subject for debate.
3. You should go outdoors in such fine _______.
4. The article puts forward a new theory to explain changes in the ___________ of the world.
5. The _______ is very changeable at this time of year.
6. We need to create a ________ in which business can prosper.
7. The game was called off because of bad _______ weather.
8. The ________ of political confusion has only reinforced the country's economic decline.
9. It would be dangerous to risk going out in this ________.
10. The religious ________ at the time refused new ideas.
11. A red sky at night often indicates fine ________ the next day.
12. The warm _______ favors many types of tropical plants.
13. The _______ at the moment is not typical for July.
14. If the _______ in the world changes continue, we will suffer the consequences.
15. Work on the building was impeded by severe _______.
16. As a new psychological ________, positive psychology advocates that psychology should research positive traits of mankind itself.
17. According to the ________ forecast, there will be a gale tomorrow.
18. To maintain a positive school ________ the community follows these guidelines for student behavior.
19. ________ stations are scattered all over the vast plains and the mountain regions.
【参考答案】
1. weather; 2. Climate; 3. weather; 4. climate; 5. weather; 6. climate; 7. weather; 8. climate; 9. weather; 10. climate; 11. weather; 12. climate; 13. weather; 14. climate; 15. weather; 16. climate; 17. weather; 18. climate; 19. Weather
●whether; if（是否）
【教材原句】
Here in our city, there is a heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach. (教材P67)
【辨析】
两者都表示“是否”，但用法有一定区别。
whether①引导主语从句可位于句首，if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾, 用it 做形式主语放句首。②介词之后宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if。③whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if则不能。④whether可以和动词不定式连用，if 则不能。⑤在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中, 一般不用if 。whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。⑥在discuss/consider等某些动词之后，只能用whether，不能用if引导宾语从句。
if 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.
【例句呈现】
I don’t know whether they will come or not.
我不知道他们是否回来。
I don’t know if / whether it will snow tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否会下雪。
Can you tell me whether to go swimming after supper
你能告诉我饭后去哪儿游泳吗？
I worry about whether he will be angry with me.
我担心他是否生我的气。
You should consider whether the car you are interested in is good value.
你应该考虑你感兴趣的小汽车是否有价值。
I can’t decide whether to stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
我想知道是否他住在那儿。
【考点过关】
用whether和if填空
1. He asked me _______ I could help him.
2. ______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet.
3. Success depends on _______ we make enough effort.
4. It's uncertain he'll come this evening.
5. The question is ________ it is not worth doing.
6. The question ________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
7. We are uncertain Mary will come.
8. Please tell us ________ to go or stay here.
9. We discussed ________ we should close the shop.
10. He asked me _______ I hadn't finished my work.
11. I can't decide ________ to buy this pen or that one.
12. My question is _______ the Chinese team can go further.
13. _______ I can pass the exam isn’t clear.
【参考答案】
1. whether/if; 2. Whether; 3. whether; 4. whether/if; 5. whether; 6. whether; 7. whether/if; 8. whether; 9. whether; 10. if; 11. whether; 12. whether; 13. Whether
●supply; provide; offer
【教材原句】
The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided. (教材P68)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “供给、提供”，但用法表达有一定区别。
supply表示“供应；补充；弥补”，一般强调替换或补足所需之物以及弥补缺陷，满足要求，常用于supply sb. with sth.= supply sth. to sb.结构。还可作名词，意为“供给（量）；物资；存货”，常用复数形式。
provide表示“供给，提供，装备；准备”，常强调有预见，通过储存等方式为应对意外、紧急情况等做准备，以便需要时提供所需物品。常用于provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb.结构。有时supply 和 provide 可以互换。
offer 表示“提出，提供；呈现”，着重强调主动向别人提供物品、帮助和服务等。常用于offer to do sth..；offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to/for sb./sth. 句型。
【例句呈现】
Supplies of food are almost exhausted.
贮存的食物快吃完了。
We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
A transport plane carrying food and medical supplies for refugees has arrived.
一架为难民运送食物和医疗用品的运输机已经到了。
Their aim was to block guerrilla supply lines.
他们的目的是封锁游击队的供给线。
They are at the end of their food supply.
他们的食物储备已消耗殆尽。
We are here to provide a service for the public.
我们来这里是为公众服务。
The company has won a contract to supply books and materials to schools.
这家公司得到了一份向学校供应图书资料的合同。
Water supplies to the house are at low pressure.
这房子的供水压很低。
The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
这家医院承诺要提供最好的医疗服务。
The network will provide computer services to your home.
这个网络将为家庭提供全方位的计算机服务。
A firewall provides an essential security blanket for your computer network.
防火墙为计算机网络提供了基本安全保障。
The school provided food for the students.
学校为学生提供伙食。
They provided us with all the books we need.
他们为我们提供所需要的所有书籍。
The bank provided/supplied him with a loan $100,000.
银行为他提供了10万美元的贷款。
She offered me a cup of tea.
她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出代替我去。
Several people were passing but nobody offered to help.
有几个人擦肩而过，却没有人主动提出帮助。
She offered us five different kinds of cake.
她给我们提供了五种不同的蛋糕。
【考点过关】
根据supply, provide和offer的用法填空
1. Our _______ (supply) were running out.
2. Teachers provide a model ______ children to imitate.
3. The charity aims ________ (provide) assistance to people in need.
4. The cars will _______ (supply) to people all over the country.
5. Cows supply us _______ milk.
6. In Britain milk is supplied ______ each house in bottles.
7. We _______ (offer, provide) customers a free home delivery service.
8. The statistics offer further support _______ our theory.
9. We _______ (offer , supply, provide) a personal service to all our customers.
10. His company offers a flexible packaging service _______ the food industry.
【参考答案】
1. supplies; 2. for/to; 3. provide; 4. supplied; 5. with; 6. to; 7. offer; 8. to/for; 9. offer/supply/provide; 10. for/to
●serve as; act as; work as
【教材原句】
He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel, before going on to write a book about his experiences. (教材P69)
【辨析】
三者都有“充当，担任”的意思，多数情况下可以换用，但有些微的区别。
work as 意思是“充当，是….身份；做…..工作”，后一般接人，跟表示职业的名词居多。
act as 意思是“充当，担任，扮演，起作用”，后接人或物，一般可以与serve as和work as 换用，但act as作“扮演”时，一般不可换用。
serve as意思是“充当，担任，起作用”，后接人或物。
【例句呈现】
You are going to act as our sole agent in Brazil.
你将要担任我方在巴西的总代理。
This kind of system can act as part of the operating system.
这种系统能充当操作系统的一部分。
Dust bags act as a filter and suction will be reduced if they are too full
集尘袋起着过滤的作用，所集的灰尘太多时其吸附作用就会减小。
I asked my boss to act as a go-between.
我请我的老板当中间人。
Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.
酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
He volunteered to serve as the manager of our department store.
他自荐当我们商场的经理。
America cannot indefinitely serve as the breadbasket for the world
美国不可能无限期地作为世界的粮仓。
A group of piers on a commercial waterfront that serve as a general landing area for ships or boats.
作船只靠岸用的商业港口上的一组码头.
Trees give off large quantities of water and serve as cooling agents.
树木释放出大量的水分，可以起到降温的作用。
she was elected to serve as secretary of the local party.
她当选为地方党组织的书记。
After that, he moved to Seattle to work as an engineer with Boeing
之后他到西雅图为波音公司担任工程师
The Chinese account for 461 and work mostly as translators or general service providers.
其中中国人有461个，主要担任翻译或者提供一般性服务。
When she grows up, Millie would like to attend Penn State and then work as a detective in law enforcement.
米莉长大后想要进入宾州大学，随后在执法部门担任侦探。
I work as a programmer in the software company.
我在那间软件公司担任程式员。
【考点过关】
根据act as, serve as, work as.的用法填空
1. I was hired by the Personnel Section and told to ______ a secretary.
2. Now, small towns in South India ______ economic and cultural centers for the surrounding villages.
3. In my summer holidays, I used to _______ a part-time interpreter in several foreign companies.
4. But the 24-year-old Harry Potter star was attending a very different type of photo call as she continued to ______ a UN Goodwill Ambassador.
5. I agree to _______ chairman of the meeting.
6. Let these words of mine ________ a warning to you.
7. Every Christmas I used to _______ a temporary postman in my village, helping to deliver the seasonal avalanche of parcels and greeting cards.
8. The table used to ______ a hotel desk.
9. My mom can ________ a guard.
10. Tom will _______ the chief actor in the film.
11. The large box can _______ serve as a desk too.
12. I’ll ______ assistant editor on a trade journal in the food field, where my tasks included a great deal of interviewing and personal contact with members of the industry.
13. A trained dog can _______ a guide to a blind person.
14. But a typewriter was too limited to _______ a model.
15. I'll ________ interpreter.
【参考答案】
1. work as/act as/serve as; 2. act as/serve as; 3. work as/act as/serve as; 4. work as/act as/serve as; 5. work as/act as/serve as; 6. serve as/act as; 7. work as/act as/serve as; 8. act as/serve as; 9. work as/act as/serve as; 10. act as; 12. work as/serve as/act as; 13. act as/work as/serve as; 14. serve as/act as; 15. work as/act as/serve as
PAGE
2 / 2