外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Growing up词汇精讲课堂课件二(共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：选择性必修 Book 2 Unit 1
wage
重难点词
熟词生义
digest
consequence
commitment
辨析义
英语释义
辨析义
varied
devote
用法和搭配
搭配义
正式用语与非正式用语
conclusion
搭配义
一词多义
swallow
approve
写作高级词
count 词根
wage
2020年7月23日,华为公布了8名天才少年的年薪方案,全部为2019届应届顶尖学生,学历均为博士,年薪最低限89.6万元,最高限201万元，引起网友热议。
在羡慕的同时，让我们来学习一下关于“薪资”的表达吧！
说到“工资”“薪水”，你能想到的单词是？
pay
salary
wage
三个单词之间到底有何不同呢？
wage词源解读
wage原指承诺对别人的服务的报酬，引申为“工资” 。原仅限于手工和机械劳动所得，后词义通用化。
wage n [C]［常用复数］工资；薪金：
high / low wages
a weekly wage
wage, pay, salary
析
辨
相同点： 三者都可用作名词，含“报酬”之意
三者都常译为“工资”
不同点：
wage 指简单劳动或体力劳动工作者所得的“工资”“工钱”，通常按周、日、小时等短期计算发给，常用复数形式，但用于名词前时用单数形式。
· Wages are paid on Fridays.
· wage earners
pay 指不论工作性质如何，通过各种劳动所得到的报酬，它包含salary和wage，不可数。
· He doesn’t like the job, but the pay is good.
salary 指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资”“薪水”，通常按月计算，有时按季或年计算。
· The government has decided to increase salaries for all civil servants.
approve
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。
You may not ________________________（赞成）his party-boy lifestyle, but he’s still your brother.
agree with
/ approve of
approve词源解读
approve v
vi 赞成；赞同 反 disapprove：
I approve of you / your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
vt 批准；认可 to officially accept a plan, proposal, etc.：
We would be pleased if you would approve our proposal.
The Ministry of Education approved a new policy today.
approving adj 赞许的；赞成的 反 disapproving
approve由 ap-“to” + probare“to try, test something” 构成，去验证、认为某人某物是好的，即为“赞成”“同意”。
【词汇拓展】
approval n [C] & [U] 赞成；同意 反 disapproval；批准：
He nodded in approval.
The government gave approval to the project.
I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.
disapprove v 反 approve
vi 不赞同；反对：
I strongly disapprove of diets; it’s better to eat sensibly.
vt［正式用语］不批准；不同意
disapproval n [U] 不赞同；反对 反 approval
disapproving adj 不赞同的；表示反对的 反 approving
approve, agree, accept
析
辨
approve 指“批准 / 正式通过（计划；建议等）”，侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示“赞同”或“批准”。作不及物动词时意为“赞成”“同意”，常与of连用。
· Our village committee approved the plan of putting off the sports meeting due to the bad weather.
agree 指多方面达成一致意见,暗含先有分歧,经协商或讨论后取得共识。
· My father agreed to buy a bike for me as a birthday present.
accept 指同意、接受、认可。
· He accepted our suggestion.
commitment
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。
We _________________（作出承诺）to keep working together.
made a promise
made a commitment
commitment比promise更正式
commitment词源解读
commitment由commit-（使承担义务 / 使作出保证）+ -ment构成。commitment与“承诺（promise）”有关。
承诺的事（commitments）有大有小，大如一段婚姻或一份工作，小如与朋友的约会。一旦作出承诺（make a commitment），就需要全身心的投入。
[C] 承诺；许诺；保证 a promise or agreement to do sth：
She has made a commitment to going bottle-free. 2008 湖北
[C] 承诺的事 / 责任：
I’m overworked at the moment — I’ve taken on too many commitments.
抽象名词具体化：commitment指具体承诺的事时是可数名词
[U] 投入；奉献 being prepared to give a lot of your time and attention to sth because you believe it is right or important：
A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
通过英语释义准确理解
commitment n
commit R2 v
vt 犯（错误、罪行等）to do sth wrong or illegal：
commit murder / a crime / a mistake
Smoking is committing suicide slowly
vi & vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 to make a definite agreement or promise to do sth：
The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund. 2008 上海改
vt 投入 to spend money or time on sth / sb：
commit sth to (doing) sth:
commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morning
committed adj 尽心尽力的；坚定的：
He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it. 2017 江苏
通过英语释义准确理解
熟词生义
different
various
diverse
varied
differ
“不同”头脑风暴
说到“不同的”英文单词，大家首先想到的是不是“different”？也许有些小伙伴还能想到various，varied，differ，diverse这些词。虽说都可以用来表达“不同的”之意，但是如果在写作中用对了词，你的书面表达将会大大的“不同”。
感受“不同”
1. Most people who do this job say they love their work because it is very rewarding and varied.（2006 江西）
2. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events.（2016 上海）
3. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.（2016 全国）
4. To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines.（2015 湖北）
5. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.（2007 上海）
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.（2014 天津）
vary R2 v
vi（大小、形状等）相异；不同 (differ)：
vary considerably / greatly / widely
vary from person to person 2019 全国
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
vi 变化；vt 改变：
The weather here varies from hour to hour.
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
varied adj 各种各样的；形形色色的
variety n
[U] 多样性；变化：
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety. 2009 重庆
[C]（动植物、语言等的）种类；品种：
different varieties of English
a variety of 种种；各种各样的：
The club offers a wide variety of games to the local teenagers
various adj 不同的；各种各样的 (diverse / different)：
various kinds of theme parks
She decided to move to the countryside for various reasons.
variously adv 各种各样地
【词汇拓展】
在平时学习中，我们可以进行两种形式的词义转换练习。
写作方向：用高级词替换一些常用的低级词，为书面表达增色。
阅读方向：用常见的容易理解的词去替换阅读中的高级词，帮助更好的理解。
词义转换训练（写作方向）
由常用到不常用，侧重运用。
1. The area is rich in wildlife. __________
2. I’m writing to you to express my opinions. ______________
3. In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult.
___________
4. Some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it important to obey the traffic rules. ___________
abundant
convey [正式]
challenging
vital
词义转换训练（阅读方向）
由不常用到常用，侧重理解。
1. For many Americans, the automobile is a necessity. _________
2. He traded his pen for a knife with me. _________
3. What some people regard as a drawback / downside is seen as a plus by many others. _____________
4. Taking physical exercise can erase your stress. _________
5. No one equals him in strength. ___________
must
exchange
disadvantage
remove
is as good as
swallow
The warrior said nothing for his mouth was full. Then he swallowed. And then he spoke. “Enough talk. Let’s fight! Shashabooey! Shashabooey!”
武士一言不发，因为正忙着吃，然后一口吞下，开口道：“别废话，动手吧！”
swallow词源解读
swallow 的词源义是：to eat, drink，基本义为“吞咽”
swallow
■ v
vt & vi 吞下；咽下：
He put a grape into his mouth and swallowed it whole.
vt 抑制：
I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the stop for help. 2012 广东改
swallow up 吞没；淹没；吞并；用尽：
The smog swallowed up the whole city.
■ n [C] 燕子：
One swallow doesn’t make a summer.
此名词释义与动词为同形异义词
swallow语义网络图
吞咽
swallow v
(基本义)
“吞咽”食物等
吞下；咽下
抑制
吞；咽
n
“吞咽”感情等
某物“吞咽”某物
吞没；
淹没；吞并
digest
近两年的高考英语语篇来源，很多文章都出自美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）、美国国家公共电台（NPR）、科学美国人（Scientific American）、每日邮报（Daily Mail）、读者文摘（Reader’s digest）、经济学人（The Economist）等。对于想要学好英语的同学来说，阅读外刊是必不可少的重要环节。
《读者文摘》（Reader’s Digest），美国杂志，在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊，月刊。是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。
digest
■ v
vi & vt 消化：
digest food
This food digests well / ill.
vt 理解；领会：
As Francis Bacon once said, “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.”
■ n [C] 摘要；文摘
digestion n [U] & [C]［常用单数］消化；消化能力
digest词源解读
digest由dis-“apart” + -gest“to carry”构成,基本义：“消化”“吸收”。
知识拓展
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
这句话出自弗朗西斯·培根的《培根随笔》。原句为：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。指出了“粗读、泛读、精读”三种不同读书方法。
弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）是英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人。
具
体
到
抽
象
消化
digest
(基本义)
“消化”食物等
“消化”知识等
消化
理解；领会
digest语义网络图
devote
Only to devote oneself to the society can find the significance of the actually short and risky life. —— Albert Einstein
人只有献身于社会，才能找出那短暂而有风险的生命的意义。
——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein，1879年—1955年），犹太裔物理学家。 1905年，爱因斯坦提出光子假设、成功解释了光电效应，因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理奖。1905年创立狭义相对论，1915年创立广义相对论。1999年12月，爱因斯坦被美国《时代周刊》评选为20世纪的“世纪伟人（Person of the Century）”。
devote vt
把……用于；致力于；献身于：
Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild homes. 2016 北京改
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于：
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. 2010 四川
devote词源解读
devote由de-（表示强调）+ -vote（to vow，说、发愿）构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”。
【拓展词汇】
devoted adj 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：
Her son, to whom she was so devoted, went abroad ten years ago.
devotion n [U] 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：
devotion to duty
I respected his devotion to teaching.
be lost in
focus on
be occupied in
be absorbed in
be involved in
be engaged in
写作同义异构：除了devote oneself to你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/ 致力于做某事”的表达？
The failure of the company was a direct ___________________（结果）of bad management.
result
正式用语
根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
consequence
/ consequence
consequence n
[C] 结果；后果 a result of sth that has happened：
face / take the consequences
The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.
[U][正式用语] 重要（性）；重大 importance：
Don’t worry. It’s of little consequence.
常用搭配
as a consequence / in consequence [正式用语] 结果；因此 as a result：
as a consequence of / in consequence of [正式用语] 由于……的缘故 as a result of sth：
She was over the age limit and, as a / in consequence, her application was rejected.
My father coughs frequently as a consequence of / in consequence of smoking.
conclusion
高考链接
根据所给汉语，完成句子。
_______________（总之）we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.（2014 江西书面表达）
Finally
Lastly
In summary
In conclusion
conclusion
［常用单数］［正式用语］结束；结尾 (end)：
When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion, his teacher invited the rest of the class to praise him. 2019 全国改
In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources. 2010 福建书面表达改
conclusion n [C]
结论；推论：
make a conclusion
The judge’s conclusion was that Mr Smith was innocent.
常用搭配
arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 得出结论：
They came to a conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace. We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
in conclusion 最后；总之 (finally)：
In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who has helped us.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources. 2010 福建书面表达改
count词根
词根 词缀 v / n
count （count 数、计算） / count
ac-:（加强意义） account
re-: 再（again） recount
dis-: 除去（exclude） discount
-er counter
根据所给词根和词缀的提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。
1. We ordered hamburgers and Coca-Cola at the counter.（2013 陕西改）
_________
2. Each week I eagerly counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there.（2016 浙江） _________
3. That T-shirt is normally sixty dollars, but we are offering a ten percent discount.（2015 湖南） _________
4. The state-run（国营的）company is required to make its accounts as transparent（透明的）as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.（2011 湖北） _________
5. George recounted a personal story he must have repeated a hundred times before. _________
账目
讲述
柜台
数
折扣
随堂检测
wage
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1. His monthly _______________ is paid in the bank by his employer.
2. Not only do the nurses want a ________________ increase, they want reduced hours as well.（2014 全国）
3. A postman’s _______________ are 180 per week.
4. One of the largest issues women today face is equal _______________.
5. I was paid the lowest _______________ of that time — two dollars an hour.
salary
wage / pay / salary
wages
pay
wage
wage pay salary
approve
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1. No teacher can __________________ of cheating in exams.
2. He __________________ to present himself at the meeting.
3. I __________________ with every word you have said.
4. She offered him a lift and he __________________ it.
5. I don’t __________________ her views on private medicine.
6. If the building plan is __________________, work on the project will start immediately.
approve agree accept
agreed
approve
agree
accepted
agree
approved
一、根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. I am a hard-working and committed person. _________
2. A lot of money has been committed to the project. _________
3. For those who lack a strong sense of commitment the marriage may fail. _________
4. She has leadership qualities and her commitment to work is beyond question. _________
5. The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.（2012 福建） _________
尽心尽力的
投入
承诺
尽心尽力的
投入
commitment
commitment
二、根据提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 我们承诺给予帮助，我们就会遵守承诺。(commitment)
We’ve _________________________ to help, and we will.
2. 我们不应该犯这个错误，即只从一个角度分析进步。(commit)
We must not _________________________ analyzing progress only from one point of view.（2014 江西）
made a commitment
commit the mistake of
1. Succulents（多肉植物）come in different kinds of styles, sizes and colors.
Succulents come in _______________ (variety) styles, sizes and colors.
2. People have different viewpoints and those differences may become conflict.
People have _______________ (vary) viewpoints and those differences may become conflict.
3. The meaning of silence is different among cultural groups.（2016 全国）
The meaning of silence _______________ (vary) among cultural groups.
varied
根据括号内的提示改写下列句子，使句意保持不变。
a variety of
varied / various
varies
varied
4. Even fast food places now offer “lean” (low-fat) hamburgers, roasted chicken, and salad bars with many different kinds of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Even fast food places now offer “lean” (low-fat) hamburgers, roasted chicken, and salad bars with _______________ (variety) fresh fruits and vegetables.
5. As a result, humans developed different character types that still exist today.（2016 北京）
As a result, humans developed _______________ (range) character types that still exists today.
a wide variety of
a range of
swallow
根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
Always chew food well before swallowing. ___________
2. She swallowed her anger and turned to face him. ___________
3. Tim knew the boat would soon be swallowed by the waves.（2013 四川）
___________
4. Most of my salary gets swallowed up by the house rent and bills.
___________
5. Peter told Ann a pack of lies, but she swallowed it whole. ___________
6. Swallows building nests on or near a house is considered good luck.
___________
淹没 / 吞没
花光
全都信以为真
吞下；咽下
抑制
燕子
digest
根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. Cheese doesn’t digest easily. ___________
2. They learn well but seem to need time to digest information. ___________
3. All this has upset me. I need time to digest it all. ___________
4. I read only this digest of the novel. ___________
5. The president started reading the press digest over breakfast. ___________
6. Porridge（粥）is good for digestion. ___________
7. It can be said that happiness is a kind of attitude, feeling and digestion. ___________
承受；消化
摘要
新闻简报
消化
理解；领会
领悟
消化
devote
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She devoted herself her career.
2. In real life the star of the film is a (devote) husband and father.
3. Her (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. If I become a teacher, I will （全身心地投入）
giving them better education.
2. He has （将一生奉献给）world peace.（2011 陕西）
3. The meeting will （用于）health and safety issues.
4. He （深爱着）his family.
devote myself to
be devoted to
was devoted to
devoted his whole life to
to
devoted
devotion
根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. He broke the law, and now he must ___________________________（承担……的后果）his actions.
2. The money was ______________________________（无足轻重）to Tony.
3. My father coughs frequently ____________________________________
（由于……的缘故）smoking.
4. His death was totally unexpected and, ______________________（因此）no plans had been made for his replacement.
bear / face the consequence of
consequence
of little consequence / importance
as a consequence / result
as a consequence of / in consequence of / as a result of
conclusion
根据所给汉语，用conclusion的词块完成下列句子。
1. We can _______________________（下结论）that water is the most important thing in our lives.
2. I can _______________________（得出结论）that even the smallest job is also the necessary part to keep the society going smoothly.（2013 广东改）
3. Don’t _______________________（贸然断定）before you know the facts.
arrive at / come to / draw /
reach the conclusion
make the conclusion
jump a conclusion
4. New evidence might _______________________（推断）that we are wrong.
5. _______________________（在……的结尾）meeting, little progress had been made.
6. _______________________（最后）, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
lead to the conclusion
At the conclusion of
In conclusion
conclusion
谢
谢
观
赏