外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Growing up Starting out and Understanding ideas能力提升练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Growing up Starting out and Understanding ideas能力提升练（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-03 07:15:02 | ||
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Unit1 Starting out and Understanding ideas能力提升练
一、阅读理解
A
（2020安徽滁州高二期末联考）
Josh Morrison，17，dreamed of raising $ 100，000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago，Josh and his dad went into the Habitat for humanity ReStore，a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh then 11，also noticed a collection of pennies. “I instantly felt the urge to help out with that，” he said. Josh set a fund-raising deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn’t shake his faith. He devoted his time to raising money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbours, got publicity from local newspapers，and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fund-raising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30.000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge，which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.
“I didn’t care how long it took me,” said Josh. “I would raise $100, 000.” With three weeks left, a company called Josh’s house offered to donate $18, 000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $ 134, 000 before the deadline. “ The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more,” he said. “Josh’s Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses. Josh has helped with some of the construction. as have other volunteers he will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17-year-old kid will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fund raising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
1. Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2
A. Cautious. B. Straightforward. C. Open-minded. D. Determined.
2. Why did Josh hold the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti dinner event
A. To attain his goal.
B. To call for more attention.
C. To win approval from the locals.
D. To find sponsors for a family.
3. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A. He received continuous donations.
B. His project became more popular.
C. He got more support from his family.
D. The result was beyond expectations.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. Kindness from a Company
B. The penny house dream
C. A Fund-raising Campaign
D. A Boy with a Warm Heart
B
（2020天津一中高二上期末检测）
Don’t get mad next time you catch your teenager texting when he commits himself to studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A study of the University of Iowa（UI）found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behavior. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
“For the teenager the rewards are seductive for them to be addicted to texting，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya，an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a kind of behavior is no longer in a teenagers best interest to continue they will, because the effect of the rewards is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.
For parents，that means limiting distractions so that teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma：At 9 p.m. shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter.as the researchers advise. “I’m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed access to technology，”says Vaidya. “But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that they can develop those impulse-control skills.”
In their study，Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（额叶）of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behavior independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brains reward system and how it changes from childhood to adulthood，” says Vaidya，who adds that the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision making. “We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescent behavior than an under-developed frontal lobe，” he adds. For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 to 16，and 40 adults，aged 20 to 35 to participate.
In the future，researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological（神经学上的）aspect of their results.
5. what does the passage mainly tell us
A. Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers
B. Always, adolescents can resist rewards
C. Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents
D. Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study
6. What does the underlined word" seductive" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Necessary B. Attractive
C. Useful D. Important
7. Which statement agrees with Vaidya’s idea
A. The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents
B. Parents should help children in making decisions
C. Children should have access to the Internet
Children need help in refocusing their attention.'
8. What result does the teenager’s brain underdevelopment lead to
A. Doing things after some thought.
B. Making good decisions .
C. Joining in dangerous actions.
D. Escaping risky behavior.
二、 七选五
（2020江苏徐州高二上期末）
In the most basic sense，self-regulation（白我调节）involves controlling one's behavior and thoughts In pursuit（追求）of long-term goals. Generally，people who are good at self-regulation tend to see the good in others and view challenges as opportunities. They exactly know what they want to achieve，act in accordance with their views，and devote their best effort. 1._____
2.____a bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self regulation skills may lack self-confidence. He may have difficulty handling stress and often，this might be expressed in terms of anger and anxiety.
How do problems with self-regulation develop？It could start early when a baby isn’t treated with enough care. 3._____ Later，an adult may struggle with self-regulation，either because this ability wasn’t developed during childhood，or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings. When left unchecked，over time this could lead to risky behavior such as taking drugs.
4._____One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns，which means that you think about a situation in a positive way，rather than and that’s likely to increase negative emotions.5._____ Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me", you might instead think
" My friend must be really busy".
A. Try to cheer yourself up after disappointment.
B. Do the usual series of things at a particular time.
C. A child who doesn't feel safe may have trouble self-regulating.
D. A lack of self-regulation will cause problems in life.
E. Anyhow, self-regulation is so important that we should learn to use this skill.
F. For example, imagine a friend who doesn’t return your calls or texts for several days. G. Also they can calm themselves when feeling upset and cheer themselves when feeling down.
参考答案：
一、A
◎语篇解读木文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁的Josh Morison梦想筹集100，000美元，为低收入家庭建造家园，经过他多年的努力，梦想终于实现了。
1.D推理判断题。文章第二段讲述了六年前，Josh提出四年的筹资期限，许多人怀疑他是否能达到100，000美元的目标，但这并没有动摇他的信念，他开始到处筹资。由此可以看出Josh是信心坚定的，不可动摇的，因此用 determined（坚定的）最恰当。故选D。
2.A细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 Four months before his deadline，he was 30 000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge，which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised s 19，000.F]H在最后期限的前4个月，他仍缺少30，000美元，于是他决定在 Uxbridge举办 Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner。目的是实现他的目标，即筹集100，000美元。故选A。
3.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的 Eventually，Josh reached a total of s 134.000 before the deadline." The momentum just kept going，and we decided to do more，he by House is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa，along with 24 new town houses.可知Josh的筹资梦想实现了，并且他决定要做更多, 由此可推测画线部分表示“他收到持续的捐款”。故选A。
4.B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的 Josh Morrison，17，dreamed of raising $100，000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work，his dream has come true.可知Josh文章主要讲述了17岁的 Josh Morrison梦想筹集100，000美元，为低收入家庭建造家园，他的梦想最终实现。B选项符合文章主题，而且有新意，故选B。
B
◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章解释了青少年难以抵抗诱惑的原因。
5.A主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕的都是“奖励对青少年是有吸引力的”这个话题，并且运用了相关的研究结果来阐述青少年会这样的原因—他们的大脑额叶还没有发育完全。A项意为“奖励始终吸引着青少年。”，符合文意。
故选A。
6.B词义猜测题。画线单词所在的句子为 Jatin Vaidya所说的话。由这句话后的 They draw adolescents. Sometimes，the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.可知，这些奖励对青少年是很有吸引力的。画线单词与下句中的draw相呼应。
necessary必要的；attractive有吸引力的；useful有用的；Important重要的。故选B。
7.D细节理解题。由文章第三段中的 But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that the can develop those impulse-control skills.可知，Vaidya认为在重新集中注意力方面，孩子们需要一些帮助。故选D。
8.C细节理解题。由文章第四段中的..teenagers are not mature，make bad decisions，and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（额叶）of their brains are not fully developed.可知，青少年大脑发育得不充分会导致他们参加危险的活动。故选C。
二、◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我调节在人的成长中的重要性，自我调节可以帮助我们缓解压力，缺乏自我调节能力则会导致各种各样的问题，所以我们必须要学会自我调节。
解析：
(1) G 上文 They exactly know what they want to achieve，act in accordance with their views，and devote their best effort.说的是会自我调节的好处，分析选项可知G项也是在说会自我调节的好处，与上文是递进关系，联系更紧密，符合语境。故选G。
(2) D根据下文 A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence可知，下文讲的是如果缺乏白我调节能力，就会产生不好的影响，所以此处说的也是不好的影响。D项更好地总结了此段内容，符合语境。故选D。
(3) C根据下文 Later，an adult may struggle with self-regulation，either because this ability wasn’t developed during childhood，or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings.可知，下文主要讲述的是成年人的情况，所以此处讲的是孩子的情况。故C项符合语境。故选C。
(4) E根据下文 One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns，which means that you think about a situation in a positive way，rather than one that's likely to Increase negative emotions.可知，下文讲述的是自我调节的方法。E项说我们应该学会使用这项技能，与下文讲述自我调节的方法连接自然，符合语境。故选E。
(5) F根据下文 Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me"，you might instead think，“My friend must be really busy”可知，当好几天都没有收到朋友的来电或短信时，不要想朋友讨厌自己，而应该想朋友一定很忙。此处是在举例，列举了有关朋友的例子，F项符合语境。故选F。
7 / 7
一、阅读理解
A
（2020安徽滁州高二期末联考）
Josh Morrison，17，dreamed of raising $ 100，000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work his dream has come true. The house is now in the early stages of building.
Six years ago，Josh and his dad went into the Habitat for humanity ReStore，a home improvement store and donation center run by the nonprofit organization. They were there to buy a sink. Josh then 11，also noticed a collection of pennies. “I instantly felt the urge to help out with that，” he said. Josh set a fund-raising deadline of four years. Many people doubted whether he could reach his goal of $100,000, but it didn’t shake his faith. He devoted his time to raising money at his school and other nearby schools. He collected money from neighbours, got publicity from local newspapers，and placed cans in stores so that people could donate extra change.
Josh's fund-raising efforts began to produce results. Still, there were challenges. Four months before his deadline, he was $30.000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge，which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised $19,000.
“I didn’t care how long it took me,” said Josh. “I would raise $100, 000.” With three weeks left, a company called Josh’s house offered to donate $18, 000. Eventually, Josh reached a total of $ 134, 000 before the deadline. “ The momentum just kept going, and we decided to do more,” he said. “Josh’s Penny House” is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa, along with 24 new town houses. Josh has helped with some of the construction. as have other volunteers he will choose the family that moves into the unit.
Next year, the 17-year-old kid will head to college in British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province. As an 11-year-old kid when starting fund raising, Josh was able to send a powerful message across the world. No matter how old you are, if you have a dream and are willing to do anything to achieve it, it can come true.
1. Which word can best describe Josh Morrison in Paragraph 2
A. Cautious. B. Straightforward. C. Open-minded. D. Determined.
2. Why did Josh hold the Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti dinner event
A. To attain his goal.
B. To call for more attention.
C. To win approval from the locals.
D. To find sponsors for a family.
3. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean
A. He received continuous donations.
B. His project became more popular.
C. He got more support from his family.
D. The result was beyond expectations.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. Kindness from a Company
B. The penny house dream
C. A Fund-raising Campaign
D. A Boy with a Warm Heart
B
（2020天津一中高二上期末检测）
Don’t get mad next time you catch your teenager texting when he commits himself to studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A study of the University of Iowa（UI）found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behavior. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term payoff of studying.
“For the teenager the rewards are seductive for them to be addicted to texting，” says Professor Jatin Vaidya，an author of the study. “They draw adolescents. Sometimes the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a kind of behavior is no longer in a teenagers best interest to continue they will, because the effect of the rewards is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults.
For parents，that means limiting distractions so that teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma：At 9 p.m. shut off everything except a computer that has no access to Facebook or Twitter.as the researchers advise. “I’m not saying they shouldn’t be allowed access to technology，”says Vaidya. “But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that they can develop those impulse-control skills.”
In their study，Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are not mature, make bad decisions and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（额叶）of their brains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wondered whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behavior independent of higher-level reasoning.
“We wanted to try to understand the brains reward system and how it changes from childhood to adulthood，” says Vaidya，who adds that the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision making. “We’ve been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and whether there is more to adolescent behavior than an under-developed frontal lobe，” he adds. For their study，the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents，aged 13 to 16，and 40 adults，aged 20 to 35 to participate.
In the future，researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological（神经学上的）aspect of their results.
5. what does the passage mainly tell us
A. Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers
B. Always, adolescents can resist rewards
C. Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents
D. Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study
6. What does the underlined word" seductive" in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Necessary B. Attractive
C. Useful D. Important
7. Which statement agrees with Vaidya’s idea
A. The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents
B. Parents should help children in making decisions
C. Children should have access to the Internet
Children need help in refocusing their attention.'
8. What result does the teenager’s brain underdevelopment lead to
A. Doing things after some thought.
B. Making good decisions .
C. Joining in dangerous actions.
D. Escaping risky behavior.
二、 七选五
（2020江苏徐州高二上期末）
In the most basic sense，self-regulation（白我调节）involves controlling one's behavior and thoughts In pursuit（追求）of long-term goals. Generally，people who are good at self-regulation tend to see the good in others and view challenges as opportunities. They exactly know what they want to achieve，act in accordance with their views，and devote their best effort. 1._____
2.____a bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self regulation skills may lack self-confidence. He may have difficulty handling stress and often，this might be expressed in terms of anger and anxiety.
How do problems with self-regulation develop？It could start early when a baby isn’t treated with enough care. 3._____ Later，an adult may struggle with self-regulation，either because this ability wasn’t developed during childhood，or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings. When left unchecked，over time this could lead to risky behavior such as taking drugs.
4._____One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns，which means that you think about a situation in a positive way，rather than and that’s likely to increase negative emotions.5._____ Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me", you might instead think
" My friend must be really busy".
A. Try to cheer yourself up after disappointment.
B. Do the usual series of things at a particular time.
C. A child who doesn't feel safe may have trouble self-regulating.
D. A lack of self-regulation will cause problems in life.
E. Anyhow, self-regulation is so important that we should learn to use this skill.
F. For example, imagine a friend who doesn’t return your calls or texts for several days. G. Also they can calm themselves when feeling upset and cheer themselves when feeling down.
参考答案：
一、A
◎语篇解读木文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了17岁的Josh Morison梦想筹集100，000美元，为低收入家庭建造家园，经过他多年的努力，梦想终于实现了。
1.D推理判断题。文章第二段讲述了六年前，Josh提出四年的筹资期限，许多人怀疑他是否能达到100，000美元的目标，但这并没有动摇他的信念，他开始到处筹资。由此可以看出Josh是信心坚定的，不可动摇的，因此用 determined（坚定的）最恰当。故选D。
2.A细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 Four months before his deadline，he was 30 000 short. He decided to hold a Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner event in Uxbridge，which is in the province of Ontario. The event raised s 19，000.F]H在最后期限的前4个月，他仍缺少30，000美元，于是他决定在 Uxbridge举办 Family Fun Fair and Spaghetti Dinner。目的是实现他的目标，即筹集100，000美元。故选A。
3.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的 Eventually，Josh reached a total of s 134.000 before the deadline." The momentum just kept going，and we decided to do more，he by House is being built by Habitat for Humanity in the city of Oshawa，along with 24 new town houses.可知Josh的筹资梦想实现了，并且他决定要做更多, 由此可推测画线部分表示“他收到持续的捐款”。故选A。
4.B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的 Josh Morrison，17，dreamed of raising $100，000 to build a home for a low-income family. After years of hard work，his dream has come true.可知Josh文章主要讲述了17岁的 Josh Morrison梦想筹集100，000美元，为低收入家庭建造家园，他的梦想最终实现。B选项符合文章主题，而且有新意，故选B。
B
◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章解释了青少年难以抵抗诱惑的原因。
5.A主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文围绕的都是“奖励对青少年是有吸引力的”这个话题，并且运用了相关的研究结果来阐述青少年会这样的原因—他们的大脑额叶还没有发育完全。A项意为“奖励始终吸引着青少年。”，符合文意。
故选A。
6.B词义猜测题。画线单词所在的句子为 Jatin Vaidya所说的话。由这句话后的 They draw adolescents. Sometimes，the rewards are a kind of motivation for them.可知，这些奖励对青少年是很有吸引力的。画线单词与下句中的draw相呼应。
necessary必要的；attractive有吸引力的；useful有用的；Important重要的。故选B。
7.D细节理解题。由文章第三段中的 But some help in resetting their concentration is necessary for them so that the can develop those impulse-control skills.可知，Vaidya认为在重新集中注意力方面，孩子们需要一些帮助。故选D。
8.C细节理解题。由文章第四段中的..teenagers are not mature，make bad decisions，and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（额叶）of their brains are not fully developed.可知，青少年大脑发育得不充分会导致他们参加危险的活动。故选C。
二、◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我调节在人的成长中的重要性，自我调节可以帮助我们缓解压力，缺乏自我调节能力则会导致各种各样的问题，所以我们必须要学会自我调节。
解析：
(1) G 上文 They exactly know what they want to achieve，act in accordance with their views，and devote their best effort.说的是会自我调节的好处，分析选项可知G项也是在说会自我调节的好处，与上文是递进关系，联系更紧密，符合语境。故选G。
(2) D根据下文 A bad-tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self-regulation skills may lack self-confidence可知，下文讲的是如果缺乏白我调节能力，就会产生不好的影响，所以此处说的也是不好的影响。D项更好地总结了此段内容，符合语境。故选D。
(3) C根据下文 Later，an adult may struggle with self-regulation，either because this ability wasn’t developed during childhood，or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings.可知，下文主要讲述的是成年人的情况，所以此处讲的是孩子的情况。故C项符合语境。故选C。
(4) E根据下文 One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns，which means that you think about a situation in a positive way，rather than one that's likely to Increase negative emotions.可知，下文讲述的是自我调节的方法。E项说我们应该学会使用这项技能，与下文讲述自我调节的方法连接自然，符合语境。故选E。
(5) F根据下文 Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me"，you might instead think，“My friend must be really busy”可知，当好几天都没有收到朋友的来电或短信时，不要想朋友讨厌自己，而应该想朋友一定很忙。此处是在举例，列举了有关朋友的例子，F项符合语境。故选F。
7 / 7