外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit2 Improving yourself 词汇精讲课堂课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：选择性必修 Book 2 Unit 2
switch
重难点词
一词多义
promote
抽象名词具体化
occupy
精准的汉语释义
一词多义
一词多义
access
equip
一词多义
隐喻
名词动词化
用法和搭配
rely
motivate
英语释义
item
finance
一词多义
英语释义
开灯、关灯你会表达吗？
开灯 __________________ the light
关灯 __________________ the light
turn on / switch on
turn off / switch off
开、关电视如何表达？
开电视 __________________ the TV
关电视 __________________ the TV
turn on / switch on
turn off / switch off
词汇科普：早期的电器的开关钮其实是旋转开关 ,多用turn,而现在旋转的已经不多，多用平面开关，多用switch。
switch
switch
■ n [C]
开关；电闸：
turn on / off the light switch
骤变；突变
■ vt & vi
改变；转变 to change from one thing to another：
He switched the conversation from one subject to another.
We’d take the train into the city center, then switch to the tram.
强调“变”，重在change，常和from，to 搭配
语义
由具体到抽象
语用：名词动化
交换；调换 to exchange one thing for another：
We asked them if they would switch places with us.
掌握精准的汉语释义可以减少英语学习中的困扰
强调“换”，重在exchange，常和with搭配
switch on 打开（电灯、电视等）(turn on)：
I hear that song whenever I switch on the radio.
switch over 改变；转换：
We’ve switched over to telephone banking.
switch 短语
switch off 关上（电灯、电视等）(turn off) ；[非正式用语] 不听；不理睬：
Please switch off the TV when you go to bed.
Thankfully, I’ve learned to switch off and let it over my head.
同义异构：turn off
同义异构：turn on
switch语义网络图
开关switch
(基本义)
骤变；突变
改变；转变
v 扳动开关
n 开关
由开到关，由关到开，状态瞬间发生彻底改变
由具象到抽象
强调“变”
强调“换”
交换；调换
名词动词化
motivate
同义异构：encourage / inspire
motivate词源解读
motivate由motive（动机）+ -ate（使）→ 使有动机，即基本义为“激励”
motivate vt 使有动力；激发；激励：
Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved in voluntary work. 2015 江苏改
While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 2016 江苏
motivated adj 积极的；主动的：
After every run I feel fitter, happier and more motivated to keep progressing. 2011 湖南改
同义异构：encourage / inspire
同义异构：encouraged / inspired
motivation
[U] 积极性；动力 the enthusiasm for doing sth：
These methods can help improve / increase students’ motivation and interest.
[C] 动机；诱因 the need or reason for doing sth：
Escape can be a strong motivation for travel.
【拓展词汇】
释义的重点是enthusiasm， 为不可数名词，“做事情的兴趣或热情”，即“积极性”
释义的重点是reason，是可数名词，“做事情的缘由”，即“动机”
mot词根
词根 词缀 单词 派生词
mot （move _________） -tion motion motionless
pro（向前） ___________ promotion
-ive motive （n 动机） ___________ (v)
___________ (n)
motivated
re- remote /
e- (外 out); -ion emotion emotional
B. 根据所给词根和词缀的提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。
1. She’s got some funny ideas about how to motivate students to study hard. _________
2. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.（2019 北京） _________ _________
激励
促进
A. 完成表格。
动；移动
promote
motivate
motivation
偏远的
occupy
“occupied”是不能进入，表示“被占用”。 “vacant”表示空的，未被占用的。所以看到“vacant”表示这个地方没有被占用，可以随意进出。
在国外的厕所门外，你有可能会碰到一个特别有趣的词叫做occupied，不懂的话可能就会闹出笑话啦。
要认识occupied，首先要认识occupy。其实，这里occupy是占用的意思，那occupied就表示卫生间被占用了，也就是说，现在这个厕所是有人在使用，你无法进去。所以在国外上厕所，看到“occupied”可千万别进去，太尴尬了！
occupy词源解读
occupy词源义：“占有（空间或时间）”，基本义是“占用”。
占领；占据：
During the war, Germany occupied many countries, including France.
占用 / 占去（时间、空间）(take up)：
His speech occupied only three minutes.
The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
使忙碌：
His work occupies him for the whole day.
occupy vt
【拓展】
occupation n
[U] 占领；居住：
a country under occupation
the wildlife in occupation of the island
[C] 工作；职业：
What do you imagine will be your future occupation
occupied adj
（地方）被占领的；被侵占的 反 unoccupied
[不用于名词前] 被占用的；有人使用的：
Sorry, this seat is occupied.
[不用于名词前] 忙于……的：
You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! 2011 天津
be occupied with (doing) sth / (in) doing sth:
I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
He’s fully occupied looking after three small children.
占用occupy
基本义
occupy语义网络图
occupied
人强行“占用”某地
物“占用”面积、空间等
事情“占用”人或时间
占领；占据
占用 / 占去
（时间、空间）
使忙碌
（地方）被占领的；被侵占的
被占用的；有人使用的
忙于……的
access
1. 您能告诉我去地铁站怎么走吗？
Could you tell me the way to the subway station
2. 咱们在超市入口见吧。
Let’s meet at the entrance to the supermarket.
access to
1. The father only _______________________________（能见 / 让见）his son at weekends.
have poor / no access to
refused access to
has access to / is allowed access to
access 翻译很灵活，其含义中包含了某种动作
2. Modern vehicles ______________________（去……提供方面）other places.
3. People living in the mountain areas ______________________（很难用上 / 用不上）health care services.
4. The journalist was ______________________（不让见）the White House / the President.
provide easy access to
使用 / 接近……的权利或机会 the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb / sth：
Each room comes with its own bathroom and Internet access.
Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.
This site gives you instant access to a wide range of
information on studying and living in the UK. 2008 广东
One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 2010 上海
通道；入口 a way of reaching or entering a place：
wheelchair access 2020 全国
Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village.
The police gained access through a broken window.
access n [U]
注: access ≠ way，access作为名词，其含义中包含了某种动作。
access vt
[正式用语] 到达；进入；使用：
The road is closed but can be accessed by emergency vehicles.
访问；获取（计算机数据）：
access the Internet
We need a better way to access information. 2015 安徽
词汇拓展
accessible adj
易进入的；易得到的；易使用的：
Each floor has wheelchair accessible toilets. 2014 北京
易懂的：
This magazine makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children. 2017 北京改
（人）易接近的；平易近人的
rely
翻译句子
1.万物靠太阳生长。
____________________________________________
2. 与其求人,不如求己。
____________________________________________
All living things depend on / upon the sun for their growth.
It would be better to depend on ourselves than on others.
rely on / upon
rely on
rely vi
rely on / upon
依靠 to depend on sb / sth：
You shouldn’t always rely just on the Internet for your research. 2015 湖南
rely on / upon … to do sth:
These days, we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
信任 to trust or have faith in sb / sth：
rely on / upon … to do sth:
I can rely on David to keep my secret.
promote
特蕾莎修女（嬷嬷）（Mother Teresa of Calcutta，1910－1997），是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，因其一生致力于消除贫困，于1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖（the Nobel Peace Prize）。她在接受诺贝尔和平奖时说道：“你能为促进世界和平做些什么呢 回家爱你的家人吧。”
promote vt
促进；推动 to help sth to happen or develop (encourage)：
promote international cooperation
All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities. 2019 北京
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.
Good listening can show respect, promote understanding,
and improve interpersonal relationship. 2008 江苏书面表达改
promote 词源解读
promote = pro- (forward 向前) + -mot- (move 移动) + -e。词源义是“向前移动，向前发展”。
前缀为pro-的词: progress
词根mot的同根词: motivate
[常用于被动语态] 晋升：
He has been promoted to general manager.
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. 2014 安徽
促销；推广：
What is the advertisement promoting
【词汇拓展】
promotion n [C] & [U] 晋升；促销；[U] 促进：
get a promotion
向前发展
promote
（基本义）
promote语义网络图
职位
“向前发展”
使某事
“向前发展”
晋升
促进；推动
促销；推广
产品销售
“向前发展”
item
这里的item指的是“新闻”“报道”的意思，平时我们在阅读英语原版文章的时候，这两个国外的网站，也可以供我们选择！
读书破万卷，下笔如有神！原版的文章读的多了，自然写出的文章也会非常的地道！
item R3 n [C]
（表格、目录、数据等的）项目；细目：
We have many items to discuss in our meeting today.
一件商品 / 物品：
Can I pay for each item separately
一条 / 一则（新闻）：
What is the first news item mainly about
finance
finance 由 finis（结束）+ -ance（表示名词：性质，状况）构成。指终结债务、解决争端，引申词义“资金” “金融”。
finance R1
■ n [U]
财政；金融 the management of money：
the Minister of Finance
personal finance
I think it’s a good idea to study finance nowadays.
资金；［复数］财务状况：
raise finance for
government / personal finances
■ vt 提供资金给；为……筹措资金 (fund)：
Who finances this organization
【词汇拓展】
financial R3 adj 财政的；金融的：
financial transactions / assistance / advisers
global financial crisis
financial assistance
Hong Kong is an international financial centre.
financially adv 财政上；金融上
equip
在漫威电影中，钢铁侠是非常厉害的核心人物。而钢铁侠之所以是钢铁侠，是因为他的装备以及制造装备的能力。那么在英语中装备就是equipment，它的动词形式就是我们今天要学习的重点单词equip。
equip vt
装备；配备 to supply sb / sth with what is needed (for a particular purpose)：
a poorly / well equipped hospital
They cannot afford to equip their army properly.
equip sb / sth with sth:
The boys equipped themselves with food, tents and sleeping bags for their journey.
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with fire alarm systems. 2018 天津改
Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more.
（体力、智力上）使有准备；使有资格 to prepare sb for an activity or task by giving them the information and skills：
① equip sb with sth:
We equip students with the skills they will need once they leave college.
② equip sb for sth:
A good education should equip you for life.
③ equip sb to do sth:
Some lessons should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media. 2018 江苏改
【词汇拓展】
equipment n [U] 装备；设备；器械；装置：
There are a lot of pieces of equipment in the gym.
equip的两层释义间是由具象的“装备”衍生到抽象的“装备”，这种抽象的释义本质上是一种比喻义，这种词义演变方式叫作隐喻(metaphor)。隐喻是以“相似”(likeness)和“联想”(association)为基础的，任何两个事物只要存在着外在的、内在的、空间的相似性(similarity)，都能够产生隐喻性语义。例如：由于梳齿的形状像牙齿，所以通过联想可以用teeth这个词来指梳子的齿：the teeth of a comb(梳齿)。
另外，隐喻是词义产生的一种重要的途径。建立隐喻概念有助于培养学生的英语思维，也是学习英语词汇的必要工具之一。
词汇知识拓展
词条 具体意义 比喻义
equip （体力、智力上）使有准备；使有资格 装备；配备
vision 视力 幻想
occupy 占领 萦绕
mature（选择性必修B2U1） （动植物）成熟的 （人）成熟的；明白事理的
swallow（选择性必修B2U1） 吞下；咽下 抑制
digest（选择性必修B2U1） 消化 理解
抽象名词具体化
necessity R2 n
[U] 必要（性）；需要：
We were discussing the necessity of employing more staff.
We took the country road out of necessity. 2013 天津
[C] 必需品；必要之物：
For many Americans the automobile is a necessity.
抽象名词具体化
抽象名词具体化
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The film is more of ___________ fantasy than a horror（恐怖）story.
2. Life is not a problem to be solved, but ___________ reality to be experienced.
3. Air-conditioning is ___________ absolute necessity in this climate.
5. One of my unforgettable ___________ (memory) of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes.（2011 全国）
a
a
an
memories
不可数的抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，即“抽象名词具体化”。此时，名词的数和词义都发生变化。表示抽象的概念时，前面不用不定冠词；表示具体的一个人或一件事时，前面通常用不定冠词。
名词动词化
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. Is there an iron available I want to iron my shirts. ___________
2. Dad is hammering a metal with a hammer. ___________
3. I messaged Peter on WeChat yesterday, but I haven’t received his message yet. ___________
4. I bought some nails and planned to nail the sign saying “No Littering” to a tree. ___________
5. Teachers chart each student’s progress through the year in a chart. ___________
6. Wait! The medicine bottle is labelled “Caution”. Please read the instructions on the label. ___________
锤击 / 锤打
熨烫
给……发送（电子）信息
（用钉子）钉
记录 / 跟踪
英语中有一类表示工具的名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。
贴标签于
随堂检测
switch
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She could switch easily from French to English. ________
2. According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding. ________
3. The switch in the bathroom is broken and we need a new one for the light. ________
4. This kind of boat comes with electric pump. And all you have to do is just switch it on. ________
5. Tom said he would switch with me on Saturday. ________
6. Can I switch over to the movie channel ________
转换
关掉
开关
打开它
转换
调换
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Role identity as a volunteer is most likely to motivate volunteers ____________ (continue) their work.（2015 江苏改）
2. I became one of the top students in my class, which greatly increased my confidence and got me ____________ (motivate).（2012 湖北）
3. The movies touched you because their creations were ____________ (motivate) by inspiration, not desperation.（2011 天津改）
4. I discover that having strong ____________ (motivate) is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.（2015 湖南改）
motivate & motivated & motivation
to continue
motivated
motivated
motivation
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Everything she does is motivated only by a desire for money.
________________
2. A good teacher is one who can motivate his students. ________________
3. Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation. ________________
4. Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.（2014 湖北改） ________________
5. In my opinion, Li Hua is a highly motivated young man with well-defined（明确的）goals. ________________
缺乏积极性
积极性很高的
动机 / 原因
成为……的动机
激励
occupy
根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Later I went to a café to have lunch, but
___________________________（没有空桌子）.（2014 安徽）
2. ___________________________________（她这会儿工作很忙）;
she cannot speak to you.
3. Family photos ____________________________（差不多占了整个
墙面）.
4. Problems at work continued to _________________________（占据
他的脑海）for some time.
5. The zone _________________________（被占领的）contained
major industrial areas. (occupation)
all the tables were occupied
She’s occupied with work at the moment
occupied almost the entire wall
occupy his mind
under occupation
It was really annoying; I couldn’t ________________________（使用语料库）you had recommended. (access n)（2016 天津改）
2. The village __________________________（很容易去）by public transport. (access v / accessible)
3. Never block ___________________________（任何紧急出口的通道）. (emergency 紧急情况)（2012 北京改）
get / gain / have access
to the data bank
is easily accessed / accessible
access to any emergency exits
access
根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
45
一、根据所给汉语及提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to ___________
____________（依靠）ourselves. （2010 上海）
2. He had proved that he could be _______________________（信赖）in a crisis.
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I think I am the very person you can rely ________.（2013 浙江）
2. Parents relied on us ________ (do) our best. We mustn’t let them down.
rely
on
to do
rely on
/ depend on
relied on
promote
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.（2019 北京） ______________
2. While waiting for the chance to get promoted, Henry did his best to do his duty.（2014 安徽改） ______________
3. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers”（街头公告员）to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（2011全国）
______________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She worked hard and was soon ___________ (promote).
2. The new job is ___________ promotion for him.
3. Her promotion ___________ Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
促进
晋升
推销
promoted
a
to
item
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The item of the contract（合同）still stands now. __________
2. Are there any interesting news items in the paper this morning __________
3. The police examined several items of clothing. __________
4. This is the next item on the agenda（日程）. __________
5. The shop-window was filled with hundreds of items. __________
条款
新闻
物品
项目
商品 / 物品
finance
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He is a well-known expert in finance. __________
2. Unless we can get more finance, we'll have to close the store.
__________
3. The repairs to the school will be financed by the educational department. __________
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. This company was in serious ___________ (finance) difficulties.
2. He was freed from ___________ (finance) dependence on his parents.
3. Now your company will end up ___________ (financial) in the red.
金融
资金
提供资金
financial
financial
financially
49
一、写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
___________ 1. They spent a lot of money equipping the school with new computers.
___________ 2. It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.（2009 全国）
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The machine is ___________ (equip) with security cameras and alarms. （2014 上海）
2. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped _________ life you are.
装备 / 配备
使有准备
equip
equipped
for
谢
谢
观
赏