2023年初中英语中考语法讲解--介词课件（共34张PPT）

(共34张PPT)
Preposition
Grammar
介词
介词的定义
The first part
介词短语的句法功能
The second part
介词的分类与用法
The third part
Contents
介词的定义
Part One
She is looking after her grandmother.
不能单独使用，其后接名词或相当于名词的词
介词是一种虚词
1.1介词的定义
1．Donald Trump’s decision of ___________the US out of the Paris Climate Change Agreement has caused a great concern around the world.
A．pulled B．pulling C．pull D．to pull
2．When did you arrive ___________there
A．at B．in C．/
3．On the desk ___________many pens and books.
A．is B．has C．are
4．A set of keys ___________on the desk.
A．are B．is C．has
单项选择
介词短语的句法功能
Part Two
修饰名词
通常放在被修饰词或短语的后面
I have known the solution to the problem.
The book on the table is my sister’s.
My hometown is an amazing place without any pollution.
2.1 作定语
01
02
03
04
作时间状语
I have been here since Friday.
作地点状语
Don’t leave the notebook on the bed.
作原因状语
Because of the rain, Tom is late for class.
作方式状语
You’d better to go there by bus.
2.2 作状语
作表语：常放在系动词后
Our school is across the street.
Your help is of great value to us.
3
作补足语
I found everything in good condition.
She always considers herself in the right.
4
作独立成分
In a word, I don’t want to explain it again.
In short, he has become one of the greatest actors.
5
2.3 作其他成分
介词的分类与用法
Part Three
1. 时间介词 in Vs. on Vs. at
Children's Day is in June.
I can fly kites in spring.
We go to school in the morning.
We will go to school in two days.
3.1 时间介词
in
加时间段，
加年、月、季节
加泛指的上午、下午、晚上
On
强调某一天，用于星期，日期或特指某一天的上午、下午或晚上前
01
02
I have an English class on Tuesdays.
My birthday is on June 25th
On a hot afternoon, I have an English class.
01 加具体时刻
I get up at 6:00.
02 加 黎明、午、夜
I often have lunch at noon.
I often read book at night/dawn.
at
1．Marie Curie, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, was born ___________November 1867, in the city of Warsaw in Poland.
A．at B．on C．in D．to
2．——When was the 29th Olympic Games held
——___________8:00 of August 8th, 2008, Beijing.
A．At B．On C．In D．For
3．The poor little girl who made a living by selling matches died ___________a very cold winter night.
A．in B．at C．on D．for
4．She always take her dog for a walk ____________the evening.
A．at B．on C．in D．to
单项选择
5．No hurry. They will arrive ____________twenty minutes.
A．at B．after C．in D．by
6．It is believed that it happened ___________December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in
history was played.
A．on B．in C．at D．by
7．He can’t sleep well ____________night with the light on.
A．in B．on C．at D．to
8．Audrey Hepburn was a ballet dancer ___________a very young age. In her twenties she became
a famous film star.
A．from B．in C．on D．at
单项选择
since 自从
其后接 过去时间点
通常与完成时连用
I have been here since 3 years ago.
2. since Vs. for Vs. during
for 持续多久
其后接时间段
I have lived here for 3 years.
We will stay in Beijing for two months.
during 在…期间
强调时间段延续
During holidays, I read a lot of books.
时间介词 含义 时间介词 含义
about 大约... before 在…以前
after 在…以后 by 到…为止
not...until 直到…才(开始) until/till 直到…才(结束)
单项选择
1．——When has the country been open to international trade
——____________1978, I guess.
A．Since B．In C．From D．After
2．She was so angry with me because she was waiting for me ___________5 o’clock.
A．till B．for C．after
3．——Long time no see!
——Yes, we haven’t seen each other ___________May 4, 2009.
A．since B．in C．on
4．____________2000, this company has seen much new development. It has become one of
the biggest companies in the country.
A．For B．In C．By D．Since
5．——You look so tired. What’s the matter
——I didn’t sleep ___________12 o’clock last night.
A．in B．at C．until
单项选择-综合
1．——My old friend White is going to visit me.
——We haven’t seen each other ___________five years.
A．since B．after C．for
2．I am allowed to go to bed ___________10 o’clock.
A．in B．on C．by
3．He came back ___________two days.
A．in B．for C．after
4．The young people worked in the small village ____________the year of 1972.
A．during B．on C．for D．by
5．They usually go shopping ___________their lunch break.
A．against B．among C．between D．during
1. 在…上面
above 在…上面
over 在…上面
on 在…上面
（与平面接触）
My book is on the desk.
（正上方）
My book is over the desk.
（非正上方）
My book is above the desk.
3.2 地点介词
2. 在…下方
under 在…下方
（正下方）
My book is under the desk.
below 在…下方
（非正下方）
My book is below the desk.
in the front of
Zero is in the front of the classroom.
in front of
Zero is in front of the classroom.
3. 在…前面
表示在内部的前面
表示在外部的前面
I am waiting at the bus stop.
4. 表“在某地”
01 in + 较大的地方
02 at + 较小的地方
My sister lives in Chengdu.
1．——Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made ___________
——Cotton, and it is made ___________Wuhan．
A．from; in B．of; in C．from; on D．of; on
2．Can you find New York ____________this map of America
A．in B．at C．of D．on
3．Taiwan is ___________the southeast of China and Japan is ___________the east of China.
A．in; in B．in; to C．to; to D．to; on
4．We can see a playground ___________the two tall buildings.
A．between B．among C．in
5．There is no Janpanese ___________us.
A．among B．between C．in
6．——Why are you standing there, Kangkang
——I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ___________me.
A．behind B．next to C．in front of D．beside
单项选择
5. 表示“通过”
across
through
指从表面穿过 (从一头或一边到另一头或另一边)
They went across the street.
指从内部穿过 (森林/人群/门/窗)
The sunlight goes through the window.
1. I like exciting trips. I’d love to trek ____________the Amazon jungle next summer, because it’s a
good place to explore.
A．across B．through C．crossing D．cross
2. The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in ___________the open window, making us feel
in a good mood(心情).
A．on B．with C．through
3. ——Excuse me, could you please tell me where there’s a bank
——Just go straight until you go ___________the bookstore. It’s on your right, beside the post office.
A．straight B．along C．past
4. ——Can a plane fly ___________the Atlantic Ocean
——Yes, but it needs to go ___________the clouds for hours.
A．across; through B．through; across C．across; across D．through; through
5．He suddenly saw Sue ____________the room. He pushed his way____________ the crowd of people to get to her.
A．across; across B．over; through C．over; into D．across; through
单项选择
Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi.
China is in the east of Asia.
China is to the west of Japan.
6. on/ in/ to
on 表示 “两地相接壤”
in 表示 “在……内部”
to 表示 “两地相隔”
方位介词 含义 方位介词 含义
by 在……旁边 behind 在……后面
beside 近旁；紧靠 before 在……前面
near 在……附近 outside 在……外面
from 从…… inside 在……里面
7. 其他
3.3 其他介词
1. 表示手段
01
by
用某种手段/方式/途径；接名词/代词/动名词
I learn English by watching movies.
02
with
用…工具/手段；接具体的工具或手段
I write novels with a computer.
2. “除…之外”
“除…之外（不再有）”，其后宾语被排除在外；
排出的与谈论的为同类人/物，从整体中排除
All the students go to the zoo except Jim.
except
“除…之外（还有）”，其后宾语被包含在整体中
I have a few good friends besides you.
besides
3. 交通方式
by + 交通工具；
in/ on + 限定词 + 交通工具
She goes to school by car.
She goes to school in a car.
I go to school by subway.
I go to school on a subway.
单项选择
1. I will go to the museum ______ bike.
A. by the B. by a C. by an D. by
2. I'm sorry. I don't like take any money ______ me.
A. in B. at C. with D. of
3. Students shouldn't go to school ______ breakfast. It's bad for their health.
A. with B. by C. for D. without
4．We all went to Mount Qingcheng last Sunday ___________Li Hua, because he was preparing for the coming entrance examinations.
A．as well as B．besides C．except D．except for
5．Some people choose jobs for other reasons ____________money theses days.
A．for B．except C．besides D．with
单项选择
6．Everyone was ___________the idea so we decided to do it at once.
A．on B．for C．against D．about
7．Most people are ___________building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.
A．for B．with C．against D．beyond
8．It is really cool to realize your dream ___________great effort.
A．through B．of C．till D．about
9．——How do you learn English, Tony
——I often practice English ___________chatting ___________American friends.
A．in; with B．by; of C．by; with
10．Everybody was touched ____________words after they heard her moving story.
A．beyond B．without C．of D．in
Preposition
Grammar
Thanks