外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 学案Unit1 易混易错点辨析
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| 更新时间 | 2023-03-03 19:06:57 | ||
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【名师原创】：Unit1 易混易错点辨析
●suspect; doubt
【教材原句】
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;….. (教材P1)
Of course, I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point, but I currently don’t have a steady income, so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have! (教材P3)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句，意思就截然不同。 这时，doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”，如果用否定结构，则表示“不怀疑，确信”； 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….； suspect sb of （doing） sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I don’t doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn't doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I doubt whether/if he’ll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. suspected; 8. suspected; 9. suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●not only… but also; neither…. nor….
【教材原句】
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you; …. (教材P1)
【辨析】
两者都是并列连词，但意义和用法有一定区别。
not only…but also既可以连接两个并列句子成分，也可以连接两个并列句子，表示“不仅…..而且….”，着重强调后者，其中, only有时可以换成just; also有时可以省略。
温馨提示：
①当连接两个并列主语时，句子谓语动词要遵循就近原则，即与第二个主语保持一致；
②当引导两个并列句子时，not only 引导的句子要倒装；
③not only…but also的形式比较固定，但也会出现but与also被分隔开来的情形。
neither……nor….. 既可以连接两个并列句子成分，也可以连接两个并列句子，表示“既不…..也不……”，强调两者都不。
温馨提示：
①当连接两个并列主语时，句子谓语动词要遵循就近原则，即与第二个主语保持一致；
②当引导两个并列句子时，两个句子都要倒装；
【例句呈现】
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor。
莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not only pleasantly but thank fully.
如果低朋友善意地指明出你的缺点，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心怀感激之情。
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人类不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。
Professor Smith spoke neither English nor German
史密斯教授既不会讲英语，也不会讲德语。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
理论没有实践不行, 实践没有理论也不行。
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。
They can neither read nor write, nor can they comprehend such concepts.
他们不会读，不会写，也理解不了这样的概念。
The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.
学生们不在教室里，老师也不在。
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _____ fond of watching television.
2. Neither Anna nor I ______ interested in high finance.
3. Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor ______ (spit).
4. Neither is Baker that kind of person nor _______ he do that kind of things yesterday.
5. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, _____ the students have theirs.
6. ______ has he done it, nor will he do it.
7. He was not only a successful writer _______ but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
8. I don't know where he lives. _______ does she.
9. In fact, he is famous ______ in China nor in the whole world.
10. Not only the mother but the children _______ are also sick now.
【参考答案】
1. are 2. am; 3. spit; 4. did; 5. but; 6. Neither; 7. But; 8. neither; 9. neither; 10. but
●worthwhile; worth; worthy
【教材原句】
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run—Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, …. (教材P46)
【辨析】
三者都有“值得”的意思，但是用法不同。
worthwhile 意思是“值得的”， 常构成结构：it is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.
worth adj.值…钱的；有…价值的；值得的；有价值的；n. 价值；价格;高品质;高水平; 值…的量。常构成结构：主语 + be worth sth/doing sth.
往往构成以下短语：to prove your worth 证明你的价值；for all it is worth 尽可能地利用；充分利用；for all you are worth 拼命地；全力以赴地；for what it's worth （尤指为避免显得傲慢）不论好坏，不管有没有用；worth your weight in gold 非常有价值的。
worthy 意思是“值得的”，常构成结构：主语 + be worthy of being done (=主语 + be worthy to be done
【例句呈现】
It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.
这本词典值得买。
It is worthwhile to pay much attention to their great value in application.
因此，它们具有的使用价值是值得重视的。
It is worthwhile to send him abroad for further education.
将他送到国外去深造是值得的。
It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的。
Since the Chinese market has huge potential, it is worthwhile being patient.
然而，由于中国市场潜力巨大，付出耐心是值得的。
The vases are believed to be worth over$ 20 000 each.
那些花瓶据估计每个价值都超过2万元。
Those might be worth trying ．
这些也许值得一试。
I think that the house should be worth the price.
我想应该值这个价格。
We esteem him to be worthy of trust.
我们认为他值得信任。
It is the core of the railroad transportation contract system that the carriers responsibility system may be worthy to be called.
承运人责任制度可以称得上是铁路运输合同制度的核心。
【考点过关】
根据worthwhile, worth, worthy的用法填空
1. If you'd be loved, be worthy ________ (loved).
2. It is worthwhile _______ (spend) money on advertising.
3. What is worth doing is worth ________ (do) well.
4. Therefore, it is worthwhile ________ (do) research on this kind of animal.
5. This art collection is worth ________ (show) once again.
6. They thought these ideas too obvious to be worth ________ (publish).
7. The global environmental change would be worthy __________ (pay) much attention to.
8. It is worthwhile ________ (think) over some details of this book.
【参考答案】
1. to be loved/of being loved; 2. spending/to spend; 3. dong; 4. doing/to do; 5. showing ; 6. publishing; 7. to be paid/of being paid; 8. thinking/to think
●mean doing sth. ; mean to do sth.
【教材原句】
But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people. (教材P3)
【辨析】
两者意思完全不同。
mean doing sth. 意思是“意味着…..；意思是….”。
mean to do sth. 意思是“打算做某事；有意做某事”，相当于intend to do sth、design to do sth.和plan to do sth.
【例句呈现】
Taking this job means taking a lot of risks.
接受这份工作意味着会遇到很多危险。
Being a student means studying hard.
当学生意味着要努力学习。
Success means working hard.
成功意味着工作努力。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
Doing one thing well doesn't mean doing exactly one thing.
做好一件事并不意味着仅仅做一件事。
Wasting time means killing life.
浪费时间意味着浪费生命。
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn’t mean to do it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
What do you mean to do with it
你打算把它怎样处理
He has always meant to get it repaired.
他一直是想请人修一修的。
I mean to stay here for a long time.
我打算在这儿呆很久。
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she does not mean to do it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手; 她无意弄坏它。
【考点过关】
根据mean doing sth., mean to do sth.的用法填空
1. Reading means _______ (take) in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself.
2. Sometimes _______ (give) up a little can mean getting more.
3. Please forgive me. I didn't mean _______ (do) that.
4. Her son’s lying to her meant _______ (kill) her.
5. Breaking the dish was accidental; he didn't mean _______ (do) it.
6. To take it apart now would mean _______ (waste) a lot of labor.
7. Revolution means ________ (liberate) the productive forces.
8. What do you mean ________ (do)
9. He still didn't understand that I meant ________ (pay) money first.
10. Do you really mean _________ (do) it sooner
11. Doing that means _______ (waste) time.
12. I meant ________ (give) you this book today, but I forgot.
13. To raise wage means ________ (increase) purchasing power.
14. I meant _______ (come) to see you yesterday, but something happened to me.
15. Having a well-paid job does not mean _______ (give) up your interests.
16. His injury means _______ (miss) next week’s game.
【参考答案】
1. taking; 2. giving; 3. to do; 4. killing; 5. to do; 6. wasting; 7. liberating; 8. to do; 9. paying; 10. to do; 11. wasting; 12. to give; 13. increasing; 14. to come; 15. giving; 16. missing
●attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
When I woke up the next day, there still rules to obey and lessons to attend. (教材P3)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●contribute; donate
【教材原句】
Because I contribute to the house hold bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money. (教材P3)
【辨析】
contribute普通用词，用义范围广，除了“捐献，捐赠”意思之外，还可表示“贡献，捐献，促进，增加，对….起作用”等意思， contribute的名词为contribution.
常构成以下结构：contribute sth. to….，表示“把…..捐给….；向….投稿”； contribute to….；表示“对…..做出贡献；对…..起作用；导致”等。
donate意思是“捐献、捐赠”，用义相对较窄，表示捐赠钱物时可以和contribute 互换，但是，如果表示捐献人的血液或器官时，只能用donate, 不能用contribute，donate的名词donation，常构成donate sth. to….结构。
【例句呈现】
It was generous of her to donate/contribute such a large sum to the relief fund.
她很慷慨，捐了一大笔钱给救济基金会。
There are many warm-hearted people in our society who voluntarily to donate
/contribute money to help the disabled.
社会上有许多热心人自愿捐款帮助残疾人。
You can't expect a miser like her to donate/contribute money.
你就别指望像他那样的小气鬼能捐钱了。
Many rich people in the United States donated/contributed big sums of money to universities and colleges.
美国许多富豪给大学捐赠巨款。
They successfully held a concert and donated/contribute the proceeds to charity.
他们成功举办了一次音乐会,把收入捐给了慈善机构。
Many people show much concern for children's welfare institution, and contribute /donate money and materials to help the institutions improve their conditions.
很多人关心儿童福利院，向儿童福利院捐款捐物帮助改善条件。
It is stipulated that young people should have the duty to donate blood on unpaid basis.
据规定年轻人有义务无偿献血。
In his will he volunteered to donate his body to medical research.
在他的遗嘱里, 他自愿捐献遗体给医学研究
【考点过关】根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. He ________ important cultural relics of his own collection to the state last year.
2. He ________ large sums of money to charity every year.
3. It is mandatory for blood banks to test all _______ blood for the virus.
4. _______ time and energy to others can take you out of yourself.
5. The government calls on the youth to _______ their blood voluntarily.
6. The local people lined up to _______ money to the earthquake-hit area.
7. As the patient's life hung in the balance, many comrades offered to _______ blood.
8. I believe that each of us can ________ to the future of the world
9. I was asked to _______ to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.
10. So far the government's policies _________ to the volatility of the region.
11. I am sure that this meeting will _______ to the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world
12. The chaos may have _______ to the deaths of up to 20 people.
【参考答案】
1. donated/contributed; 2. donates/contributes; 3. donated; 4. Donating/Contributing;
5. donate; 6. donate/contribute; 7. donate; 8. contribute; 9. contribute; 10. contribute;
11. contribute; 12. contributed
●whatever…, no matter what…
【教材原句】
Whatever our choices are, we should cherish and embrace these moments in life. (教材P6)
Personally, I think this is a touching book that everyone should read, whatever their age. (教材P11)
【辨析】
两者都有“无论什么，不管什么”的意思，意思基本一致，但用法有区别。
whatever…. 既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。
no matter what… 只能引导让步状语从句，此时可以和whenever互换。
温馨提示：whenever/no matter when; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how的用法与whatever/no mater what的用法基本相同。
【例句呈现】
Whatever/no matter what system you choose, it must be run in properly.
不管你选择什么样的体系，都必须经过适当的磨合。
The United States will do whatever it can to help Greece
美国将竭尽所能帮助希腊。
Whenever/no matter when you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
无论何时你搬到一个新的地方, 你都应该找到火警报警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。
Whenever they go abroad depends on the passports.
不管他们什么时候出国，都要取决于签证。
However/no matter how you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。
She has the window open, however/no matter how cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。
However go there is a matter.
无论如何去那里都是个问题。
He hired himself out to whoever needed his services.
他以前从事临时服务业。
Come out of there, whoever/no matter how you are.
不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。
A media circus surrounded the royal couple wherever/no matter where they went.
无论王室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。
Wherever he goes is unimportant.
不管他去哪里都不重要。
The situation is an awkward one, whichever/no matter which way you look at it.
无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。
Whichever/no matter which they choose, we must accept their decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
Just be sure to be aware of the safety regulations in whichever country you happen to be buying your eggs in.
你只需要留意你要买鸡蛋的那个国家的食品安全规定就行。
【考点过关】
用whenever/no matter when; whatever/no mater what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how填空
1. ________ you come here, please call me first.
2. I don’t care _______ they will come from.
3. _______ he has put these books is unimportant.
4. ________ a problem arrives, do three things – face it, fight it and finish it.
5. _______ you start, it is important that you do not stop after starting.
6. _______ happens, I'll always be there for you.
7. _______ goes there, we’ll agree.
8. ______ they are, they will be helpful.
9. _______ you do, try your best.
10. We’ll try our best to do _______ is right.
11. _______ is worth doing is worth doing well.
12. ________ wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I'm busy.
13. _______ does best will get the prize.
14. _______ they select, we will disagree.
【参考答案】
1. No matter when/Whenever; 2. wherever; 3. Wherever; 4. Whenever/No matter when; 5. No matter when/how/Whenever/However; 6. No matter what/Whatever; 7. Whoever/No matter who; 8. Wherever/No matter where; 9. Whatever/No matter what; 10. whatever; 11. Whatever; 12. Whoever/ No matter who; 13. Whoever; 14. No matter which/Whichever
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●suspect; doubt
【教材原句】
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;….. (教材P1)
Of course, I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point, but I currently don’t have a steady income, so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have! (教材P3)
【辨析】
两者都有“怀疑”的意思，但是用法有一定区别。
①两者后面接名词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )、代词 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )或名词性词组时可通用。
②两者后面接 that 从句，意思就截然不同。 这时，doubt如果用肯定结构，表示“不相信，怀疑不是那样”，如果用否定结构，则表示“不怀疑，确信”； 而suspect 表示“怀疑，怀疑其有”。
③ doubt 后面可以接 whether/if 引导的从句，而suspect不可以。
④ 两者构成的短语不同。doubt常构成：doubt of sth 疑惑某事；suspect 常构成以下两个结构：suspect sb./sth. to be…怀疑某人或某物是….； suspect sb of （doing） sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事。
⑤doubt作名词，表示“疑惑”，常构成结构：there is no/little doubt that….毫无疑问…
⑥ suspect 作名词是“犯罪嫌疑人”的意思。
【例句呈现】
I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.
我对她那番话的真实性 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%E6%80%A7&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )表示怀疑。
He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him.
他说他能治好我的病 ( http: / / www. / s q=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%97%85&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn" \t "_blank )，但我仍对他不放心。
I doubt that he has stolen my watch.
我不相信他偷了我的手表。
I suspect that he has stolen my watch.
我怀疑 / 猜想他偷了我的手表。
I doubt that she is the criminal.
我不相信她是罪犯。
I suspect that she is the criminal.
我怀疑她是罪犯。
The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.
医生怀疑/认为他得了流感。
I don’t doubt that he is right.
我确信他是对的。
I didn't doubt that he would come.
我当时相信他会来的。
Why did she doubt that they were cheats？
她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？
I doubt whether/if he’ll come.
我不敢肯定他来不来。
It's raining hard. I doubt whether it will be fine tomorrow.
雨下得很大，我不敢说明天会晴。
She never doubted of his success.
她从不怀疑他的成功。
I suspected him to be the spy.
我认为他就是那个间谋。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money？
你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？
【考点过关】
用suspect和doubt的适当形式填空。
1. There is no ______ that television has greatly changed people’s lives.
2. I think there is very little ______ that will happen.
3. Others _______ whether/if that would happen.
4. There is no _______ that computers are very useful in technology and business.
5. I _______ whether/if he will marry her.
6. There is no _______ that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
7. No one _______ his ability at that time.
8. The police _______ him of having a part in the jewel robbery yesterday.
9. No one directly involved with the case _______ him now.
10. The police have eliminated two ______ from their investigation.
11. A referendum showed beyond ______ that voters wanted independence.
12. He ________ that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin, and so she was.
13. The _______ is currently under control of Xiangtan police.
14. They ________ me of having a hand in the affair last year.
15. I think there is very little _______ that will happen.
【参考答案】
1. doubt; 2. doubt; 3. doubted; 4. doubt; 5. doubt; 6. doubt; 7. suspected; 8. suspected; 9. suspects; 10. suspects; 11. doubt; 12. suspected; 13. suspect; 14. suspected; 15. doubt
●not only… but also; neither…. nor….
【教材原句】
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you; …. (教材P1)
【辨析】
两者都是并列连词，但意义和用法有一定区别。
not only…but also既可以连接两个并列句子成分，也可以连接两个并列句子，表示“不仅…..而且….”，着重强调后者，其中, only有时可以换成just; also有时可以省略。
温馨提示：
①当连接两个并列主语时，句子谓语动词要遵循就近原则，即与第二个主语保持一致；
②当引导两个并列句子时，not only 引导的句子要倒装；
③not only…but also的形式比较固定，但也会出现but与also被分隔开来的情形。
neither……nor….. 既可以连接两个并列句子成分，也可以连接两个并列句子，表示“既不…..也不……”，强调两者都不。
温馨提示：
①当连接两个并列主语时，句子谓语动词要遵循就近原则，即与第二个主语保持一致；
②当引导两个并列句子时，两个句子都要倒装；
【例句呈现】
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor。
莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not only pleasantly but thank fully.
如果低朋友善意地指明出你的缺点，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心怀感激之情。
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人类不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。
Professor Smith spoke neither English nor German
史密斯教授既不会讲英语，也不会讲德语。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
理论没有实践不行, 实践没有理论也不行。
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。
They can neither read nor write, nor can they comprehend such concepts.
他们不会读，不会写，也理解不了这样的概念。
The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.
学生们不在教室里，老师也不在。
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _____ fond of watching television.
2. Neither Anna nor I ______ interested in high finance.
3. Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor ______ (spit).
4. Neither is Baker that kind of person nor _______ he do that kind of things yesterday.
5. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, _____ the students have theirs.
6. ______ has he done it, nor will he do it.
7. He was not only a successful writer _______ but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
8. I don't know where he lives. _______ does she.
9. In fact, he is famous ______ in China nor in the whole world.
10. Not only the mother but the children _______ are also sick now.
【参考答案】
1. are 2. am; 3. spit; 4. did; 5. but; 6. Neither; 7. But; 8. neither; 9. neither; 10. but
●worthwhile; worth; worthy
【教材原句】
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run—Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it, …. (教材P46)
【辨析】
三者都有“值得”的意思，但是用法不同。
worthwhile 意思是“值得的”， 常构成结构：it is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.
worth adj.值…钱的；有…价值的；值得的；有价值的；n. 价值；价格;高品质;高水平; 值…的量。常构成结构：主语 + be worth sth/doing sth.
往往构成以下短语：to prove your worth 证明你的价值；for all it is worth 尽可能地利用；充分利用；for all you are worth 拼命地；全力以赴地；for what it's worth （尤指为避免显得傲慢）不论好坏，不管有没有用；worth your weight in gold 非常有价值的。
worthy 意思是“值得的”，常构成结构：主语 + be worthy of being done (=主语 + be worthy to be done
【例句呈现】
It is worthwhile buying the dictionary.
这本词典值得买。
It is worthwhile to pay much attention to their great value in application.
因此，它们具有的使用价值是值得重视的。
It is worthwhile to send him abroad for further education.
将他送到国外去深造是值得的。
It is worthwhile to discuss the problem further.
进一步讨论这个问题是值得的。
Since the Chinese market has huge potential, it is worthwhile being patient.
然而，由于中国市场潜力巨大，付出耐心是值得的。
The vases are believed to be worth over$ 20 000 each.
那些花瓶据估计每个价值都超过2万元。
Those might be worth trying ．
这些也许值得一试。
I think that the house should be worth the price.
我想应该值这个价格。
We esteem him to be worthy of trust.
我们认为他值得信任。
It is the core of the railroad transportation contract system that the carriers responsibility system may be worthy to be called.
承运人责任制度可以称得上是铁路运输合同制度的核心。
【考点过关】
根据worthwhile, worth, worthy的用法填空
1. If you'd be loved, be worthy ________ (loved).
2. It is worthwhile _______ (spend) money on advertising.
3. What is worth doing is worth ________ (do) well.
4. Therefore, it is worthwhile ________ (do) research on this kind of animal.
5. This art collection is worth ________ (show) once again.
6. They thought these ideas too obvious to be worth ________ (publish).
7. The global environmental change would be worthy __________ (pay) much attention to.
8. It is worthwhile ________ (think) over some details of this book.
【参考答案】
1. to be loved/of being loved; 2. spending/to spend; 3. dong; 4. doing/to do; 5. showing ; 6. publishing; 7. to be paid/of being paid; 8. thinking/to think
●mean doing sth. ; mean to do sth.
【教材原句】
But I think I’m already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people. (教材P3)
【辨析】
两者意思完全不同。
mean doing sth. 意思是“意味着…..；意思是….”。
mean to do sth. 意思是“打算做某事；有意做某事”，相当于intend to do sth、design to do sth.和plan to do sth.
【例句呈现】
Taking this job means taking a lot of risks.
接受这份工作意味着会遇到很多危险。
Being a student means studying hard.
当学生意味着要努力学习。
Success means working hard.
成功意味着工作努力。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
Doing one thing well doesn't mean doing exactly one thing.
做好一件事并不意味着仅仅做一件事。
Wasting time means killing life.
浪费时间意味着浪费生命。
Don't be too hard on the boy; he didn’t mean to do it.
对这个小男孩不要太严厉了，他不是故意这么做的。
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
What do you mean to do with it
你打算把它怎样处理
He has always meant to get it repaired.
他一直是想请人修一修的。
I mean to stay here for a long time.
我打算在这儿呆很久。
Breaking the vase is purely accidental; she does not mean to do it.
打碎花瓶纯粹是偶然失手; 她无意弄坏它。
【考点过关】
根据mean doing sth., mean to do sth.的用法填空
1. Reading means _______ (take) in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself.
2. Sometimes _______ (give) up a little can mean getting more.
3. Please forgive me. I didn't mean _______ (do) that.
4. Her son’s lying to her meant _______ (kill) her.
5. Breaking the dish was accidental; he didn't mean _______ (do) it.
6. To take it apart now would mean _______ (waste) a lot of labor.
7. Revolution means ________ (liberate) the productive forces.
8. What do you mean ________ (do)
9. He still didn't understand that I meant ________ (pay) money first.
10. Do you really mean _________ (do) it sooner
11. Doing that means _______ (waste) time.
12. I meant ________ (give) you this book today, but I forgot.
13. To raise wage means ________ (increase) purchasing power.
14. I meant _______ (come) to see you yesterday, but something happened to me.
15. Having a well-paid job does not mean _______ (give) up your interests.
16. His injury means _______ (miss) next week’s game.
【参考答案】
1. taking; 2. giving; 3. to do; 4. killing; 5. to do; 6. wasting; 7. liberating; 8. to do; 9. paying; 10. to do; 11. wasting; 12. to give; 13. increasing; 14. to come; 15. giving; 16. missing
●attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in
【教材原句】
When I woke up the next day, there still rules to obey and lessons to attend. (教材P3)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●contribute; donate
【教材原句】
Because I contribute to the house hold bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money. (教材P3)
【辨析】
contribute普通用词，用义范围广，除了“捐献，捐赠”意思之外，还可表示“贡献，捐献，促进，增加，对….起作用”等意思， contribute的名词为contribution.
常构成以下结构：contribute sth. to….，表示“把…..捐给….；向….投稿”； contribute to….；表示“对…..做出贡献；对…..起作用；导致”等。
donate意思是“捐献、捐赠”，用义相对较窄，表示捐赠钱物时可以和contribute 互换，但是，如果表示捐献人的血液或器官时，只能用donate, 不能用contribute，donate的名词donation，常构成donate sth. to….结构。
【例句呈现】
It was generous of her to donate/contribute such a large sum to the relief fund.
她很慷慨，捐了一大笔钱给救济基金会。
There are many warm-hearted people in our society who voluntarily to donate
/contribute money to help the disabled.
社会上有许多热心人自愿捐款帮助残疾人。
You can't expect a miser like her to donate/contribute money.
你就别指望像他那样的小气鬼能捐钱了。
Many rich people in the United States donated/contributed big sums of money to universities and colleges.
美国许多富豪给大学捐赠巨款。
They successfully held a concert and donated/contribute the proceeds to charity.
他们成功举办了一次音乐会,把收入捐给了慈善机构。
Many people show much concern for children's welfare institution, and contribute /donate money and materials to help the institutions improve their conditions.
很多人关心儿童福利院，向儿童福利院捐款捐物帮助改善条件。
It is stipulated that young people should have the duty to donate blood on unpaid basis.
据规定年轻人有义务无偿献血。
In his will he volunteered to donate his body to medical research.
在他的遗嘱里, 他自愿捐献遗体给医学研究
【考点过关】根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. He ________ important cultural relics of his own collection to the state last year.
2. He ________ large sums of money to charity every year.
3. It is mandatory for blood banks to test all _______ blood for the virus.
4. _______ time and energy to others can take you out of yourself.
5. The government calls on the youth to _______ their blood voluntarily.
6. The local people lined up to _______ money to the earthquake-hit area.
7. As the patient's life hung in the balance, many comrades offered to _______ blood.
8. I believe that each of us can ________ to the future of the world
9. I was asked to _______ to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year.
10. So far the government's policies _________ to the volatility of the region.
11. I am sure that this meeting will _______ to the reinforcement of peace and security all over the world
12. The chaos may have _______ to the deaths of up to 20 people.
【参考答案】
1. donated/contributed; 2. donates/contributes; 3. donated; 4. Donating/Contributing;
5. donate; 6. donate/contribute; 7. donate; 8. contribute; 9. contribute; 10. contribute;
11. contribute; 12. contributed
●whatever…, no matter what…
【教材原句】
Whatever our choices are, we should cherish and embrace these moments in life. (教材P6)
Personally, I think this is a touching book that everyone should read, whatever their age. (教材P11)
【辨析】
两者都有“无论什么，不管什么”的意思，意思基本一致，但用法有区别。
whatever…. 既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。
no matter what… 只能引导让步状语从句，此时可以和whenever互换。
温馨提示：whenever/no matter when; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how的用法与whatever/no mater what的用法基本相同。
【例句呈现】
Whatever/no matter what system you choose, it must be run in properly.
不管你选择什么样的体系，都必须经过适当的磨合。
The United States will do whatever it can to help Greece
美国将竭尽所能帮助希腊。
Whenever/no matter when you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
无论何时你搬到一个新的地方, 你都应该找到火警报警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。
Whenever they go abroad depends on the passports.
不管他们什么时候出国，都要取决于签证。
However/no matter how you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。
She has the window open, however/no matter how cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。
However go there is a matter.
无论如何去那里都是个问题。
He hired himself out to whoever needed his services.
他以前从事临时服务业。
Come out of there, whoever/no matter how you are.
不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。
A media circus surrounded the royal couple wherever/no matter where they went.
无论王室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。
Wherever he goes is unimportant.
不管他去哪里都不重要。
The situation is an awkward one, whichever/no matter which way you look at it.
无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。
Whichever/no matter which they choose, we must accept their decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
Just be sure to be aware of the safety regulations in whichever country you happen to be buying your eggs in.
你只需要留意你要买鸡蛋的那个国家的食品安全规定就行。
【考点过关】
用whenever/no matter when; whatever/no mater what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how填空
1. ________ you come here, please call me first.
2. I don’t care _______ they will come from.
3. _______ he has put these books is unimportant.
4. ________ a problem arrives, do three things – face it, fight it and finish it.
5. _______ you start, it is important that you do not stop after starting.
6. _______ happens, I'll always be there for you.
7. _______ goes there, we’ll agree.
8. ______ they are, they will be helpful.
9. _______ you do, try your best.
10. We’ll try our best to do _______ is right.
11. _______ is worth doing is worth doing well.
12. ________ wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I'm busy.
13. _______ does best will get the prize.
14. _______ they select, we will disagree.
【参考答案】
1. No matter when/Whenever; 2. wherever; 3. Wherever; 4. Whenever/No matter when; 5. No matter when/how/Whenever/However; 6. No matter what/Whatever; 7. Whoever/No matter who; 8. Wherever/No matter where; 9. Whatever/No matter what; 10. whatever; 11. Whatever; 12. Whoever/ No matter who; 13. Whoever; 14. No matter which/Whichever
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