外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit4 Breaking boundaries 单元语法详解课件(共22张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit4 Breaking boundaries 单元语法详解课件(共22张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-03 22:06:47 | ||
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(共22张PPT)
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
单元语法详解
外研版新教材选择性必修二
本单元重点语法
→ it用法知多少
a. It’s exactly one month since the last reported case.（教材 P38）
b. But it is vital not to take any chances.(教材 P38)
c. When I saw the tragic scenes on the news I felt it was my duty as a
doctor to go there and offer my help. (教材 P38)
d. It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national
boundaries. (教材 P38)
e. It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso,
not to mention all the others I have worked with. (教材 P39)
f. It was what the soldiers had died for. (教材 P44)
g. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between
North and South, but the boundaries between… (教材 P44)
◆ 原句再现
◆ it 作代词
● it作人称代词
※ it代替前面 (或后面) 的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物, 请观察以下句子
a. You cannot eat your cake but have it.
b. Although we can't see it. there is air all around us.
c. Although the moon is far away from us, we can see it.
※ it代替有生命的但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西 (包括某些集合名词、个体名词), 请观察下句子
a. Our class is a big one. We all love it very much.
b. The baby cried because it was hungry.
※ it在某些习惯说法中，还可以代替人， 请观察以下句子
● it作无人称代词: it作无人称代词时，用来指时间、天气、度量、价值、路程、距离或模糊地指一般情形，请观察以下句子
a. -- Who are singing
-- It's the children.
b. – Who is knocking at the door
-- It’s me.
a. It is noon.
b. It's a half hour's walk to the factory.
c. It is a long way.
d. It is very hot today.
e. It is bad.
● it作指示代词: it作指示代词,起 this, that的作用,请观察以下句子
a. -- What's that
-- It's a book.
b. – What’s this
-- It’s a dictionary.
◆ it作引导词
a. It's (high) time that Robert went to school.
= It's (high) time that Robert should go to school.
b. It is time that class was over.
= It is time that class should be over
c. It is time that we went home.
= It is time that we should go home.
● It + be + (high) time + that从句，表示“是 的时候了” 从句中的谓语动词常用过去式或 should +动词原形，请观察以下句子
● It + be + the first/second (序数词) + time + that从句，表示 “这是第一/第二次/第….次 做....，从句中的动词常用现在完成式或过去完成式， 如果 be动词是 is, 从句谓语用现在完成时；如果 be动词是 was，从句谓语用过去完成时，请观察以下句子
a. -- Do you know our town at all
-- No, it is the first time I have been here.
b. Is it the third time that you have visited Hong Kong
c. It was the third time that he had done the same mistake.
● It + be + 动词过去分词 + that从句, 常用的这类句型有：
It be said that…据说…
It be announced that…宣布说…
It be told that….据说…
It be expected that….（人们）希望….
It be reported that….据报道….
It be believed that….相信….
It be known that….众所周知…
It be thought that….认为….等，请观察以下句子
a. It is said that the meeting will be put off till next Friday.
b. It is known that nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
c. It is reported that he has got the first place in the game.
※ 温馨告知：如果这个句型中的谓语动词是表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如：desire (渴望)、suggest/advise/recommend/propose (建议)、request/require/demand/insist/urge (要求)、order/command (命令) 等词时, 从句谓语动词常用 (should) + 动词原形, 请观察以下句子
a. It is suggested that we (should) hold ameeting next week.
b. It is desired that we (should) get everything ready.
c. It is ordered that I leave now.
● It + 一些不及物动词 + that引导的从句, 此句型可转化为不定式结构，这些结构常见有：
It seems that….= …appears to do….好像….仿佛….
It appears that… = …appears to do….似乎是….
It happens/happened that….= …happens/happened to do…… 碰巧
a. It seems that he is lying.
b. It appears that he will win the prize.
c. It happened that I knew which room she lived in.
请观察以下句子
● It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that/who + 原句其他部分, 用于强调说话人的意愿，请观察以下句子
a. It was on Monday night that all this happened.
b. It's me that he blamed.
● It is/has been + 时间段 + since引导的从句，请观察以下句子
a. -- What was the party like
-- Wonderful. It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.
b. It is/has been a week since the old man died.
c. It has been/is three days since he came here.
● It won‘t be years + before引导的从句，表示 “没过多久就….”. 句型中 years 可用 months, weeks, long. minutes, hours等表示时间段的词来替换，请观察以下句子
a. It won't be weeks before I go to Shanghai.
b. It will not be long before they understand each other.
※ 轻轻告诉你：这个句型的肯定式为: “It will be + 时间段 + before
…..” 表示 “过...就......”, 请观察以下句子
a. It will be hours before he arrives at bus station.
b. It will be several days before your mother comes.
c. It will be five years before the project is finished.
◆ it的用法比较: 请仔细观察以下分组句子
a. ① It was four years since I had left the school.
这里，句中since引导的是时的状语，不能用 that代替
② It was four years that the war lasted.
这里是强调句型，it在强调句中为引导词，后面用 that
b. ① Was it 1949 when our hometown was liberated
这里，句中 it指时间，when在从句中作状语，不能用 that代替
② Was it in 1949 that our hometown was liberated
这里是强调句型，it为强调句型中的引导词
c. ① It is (about, high) time that you closed your store.
这里，“It + be + time + that从句” 为固定句型，that 从句谓语用虚拟语气
② It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.
这里，"It + be +序数词 + time + that 从句” 是固定句型
d. ①It is a pity that Smith has lost the game.
这里，it 做形式主语
②It is Smith that has lost the game.
这里是强调句型，it 为强调句型的引导词
◆ it作形式主语和形式宾语
● it 作形式主语：it作形式主语时,真正的主语是后面的不定式,动名词或从句，请观察以下句子
a. It's important to keep fit.
b. It's nice talking to you.
c. It's true that he may fall behind the other students.
※ it做形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式, 其机构为：It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.
①若要说明动词不定式的动作是由谁做的时候，后接 for sb. 能用于这个句型的形容词有：difficult (困难的)；hard (艰难的)；easy (容易的) ；possible (可能的)； necessary (必要的) ；important (重要的) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It is impossible for so few workers to do so much work in a single day.
b. It is difficult for the children to finish the project in a short time.
②若要说明动词不定式的逻辑主语 (人) 的性质，品行，性 格, 特性时，后接 of sb. 常用于这个句型的形容词有：nice (好的)； kind (和蔼的)； wise (聪明的)； clever (机灵的) ；bright (聪明的); foolish (愚蠢的)； stupid (愚蠢的) ；silly (愚蠢的) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes.
b. It is very kind of her to help the old man go home.
※ it作形式主语，动词 -ing 作真正的主语, 其结构为： It + be + no + 名词 + 动词 -ing，常用于这个句型的名词有use (用处) ；good (好处) ；worth (价值)，请观察以下句子
a. It's no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big.
b. It is no good doing so every day.
※ it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句, 请欣赏以下两个结构
① It + be +形容词 + that引导的从句；如果形容词是 possible (可能的) ; necessary (重要的) ; important (重要的); lucky (幸运的) ; strange (奇怪的) ；good (好的)； interesting (有趣的)；glad (高兴的) 等词时，从句中的谓语动词常用 (should) + 动词原形， 请观察以下句子
a. It is necessary that the young (should) learn to use the computer.
b. It is strange that he (should) take exercise at night every day.
② It + be + 名词词组 + that 引导的从句，用于此句型中的名词词组常见的有: a shame (羞愧的)； no wonder (不足为奇)；a pity (遗憾)；a surprise (惊奇)；a fact(事实)；a pleasure (愉快) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.
b. It is a pity that you didn’t attend his wedding.
● it作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式、动名词和宾语从句, 构成 “主语 +谓语动词 + it...” 结构, 常用于这种句型中的谓语动词有: feel (觉得)；think (认为)； consider (认为)； find (发现)；make (使成为)；suppose (猜想) 等，请观察以下句子
a. He found it difficult to finish the work in so short time.
b. She thought it no use telling him about that.
c. They think it necessary that we go there at once.
◆ it 与one的区别
● it指特定的事物，one指不定的事物, 请观察以下句子
a. -- Do you have a car
-- Yes, I have one. I have a good one.
b. My father bought a car and gave it to me.
c. -- Do you want a pen
-- Yes, I want one.
d. -- Do you want the pen
-- Yes, I want it.
● 表示某一事物属于 “某一类”时用 one，不用 it. 此时 one丧失了明显的数的概念,而具有较抽象的含义,表示 “一个“, 请观察以下句子
a. The task is one of great importance.
b. He is one who never troubles about his personal interests.
● 指代同一事物用 it, 代指同名称的不同事物用 the one, this/that one等, 请观察以下句子
a. -- Is this car yours
-- No, it is my brother's. Mine is the one over there.
b. -- Is that schoolbag your brother’s
-- No, it is mine. That one is his.
● one只能代替可数名词，不能代替不可数名词，请观察以下句子
a. This tea is better than that.
b. The books in this room are more important than the ones in that one.
◆考点训练：从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
1. How would you like _______ if you were watching your favorite TV
program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without
asking you
A. Them B. one C. those D. it
D
2. An average of just 18.75 cm. of rain fell last year, making _________
The driest year since California became a state in 1850.
A. each B. it C. this D. one
3. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase __________
A. then B. those C. it D. that
4. ______ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One B. This C. It D. That
5. _______ our new headmaster is a doctor who lately graduated from
a university abroad.
A. It is said that B. They all said that
C. That is announced that D. It was reported
6. It is wrong _________ treat your mother like that.
A. that you to B. of you to C. for you to D. because you
B
C
C
A
B
7. It is about two months _________ Jane leaves school. She is going to be a teacher.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
8. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day
A. this B. that C. it D. he
9. I don't think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. he D. it
10. Does __________ matter if he can't finish the job on time
A. this B. that C. he D. it
11. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
B
C
D
D
D
12. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
13. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
14. __________ that you missed such a fine film
A. How it was B. How was it
C. Was it how D. How did it
D
A
B
That’s all!
Thank you!
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
单元语法详解
外研版新教材选择性必修二
本单元重点语法
→ it用法知多少
a. It’s exactly one month since the last reported case.（教材 P38）
b. But it is vital not to take any chances.(教材 P38)
c. When I saw the tragic scenes on the news I felt it was my duty as a
doctor to go there and offer my help. (教材 P38)
d. It is important to remember that Ebola doesn’t respect national
boundaries. (教材 P38)
e. It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy and Alfonso,
not to mention all the others I have worked with. (教材 P39)
f. It was what the soldiers had died for. (教材 P44)
g. Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between
North and South, but the boundaries between… (教材 P44)
◆ 原句再现
◆ it 作代词
● it作人称代词
※ it代替前面 (或后面) 的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物, 请观察以下句子
a. You cannot eat your cake but have it.
b. Although we can't see it. there is air all around us.
c. Although the moon is far away from us, we can see it.
※ it代替有生命的但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西 (包括某些集合名词、个体名词), 请观察下句子
a. Our class is a big one. We all love it very much.
b. The baby cried because it was hungry.
※ it在某些习惯说法中，还可以代替人， 请观察以下句子
● it作无人称代词: it作无人称代词时，用来指时间、天气、度量、价值、路程、距离或模糊地指一般情形，请观察以下句子
a. -- Who are singing
-- It's the children.
b. – Who is knocking at the door
-- It’s me.
a. It is noon.
b. It's a half hour's walk to the factory.
c. It is a long way.
d. It is very hot today.
e. It is bad.
● it作指示代词: it作指示代词,起 this, that的作用,请观察以下句子
a. -- What's that
-- It's a book.
b. – What’s this
-- It’s a dictionary.
◆ it作引导词
a. It's (high) time that Robert went to school.
= It's (high) time that Robert should go to school.
b. It is time that class was over.
= It is time that class should be over
c. It is time that we went home.
= It is time that we should go home.
● It + be + (high) time + that从句，表示“是 的时候了” 从句中的谓语动词常用过去式或 should +动词原形，请观察以下句子
● It + be + the first/second (序数词) + time + that从句，表示 “这是第一/第二次/第….次 做....，从句中的动词常用现在完成式或过去完成式， 如果 be动词是 is, 从句谓语用现在完成时；如果 be动词是 was，从句谓语用过去完成时，请观察以下句子
a. -- Do you know our town at all
-- No, it is the first time I have been here.
b. Is it the third time that you have visited Hong Kong
c. It was the third time that he had done the same mistake.
● It + be + 动词过去分词 + that从句, 常用的这类句型有：
It be said that…据说…
It be announced that…宣布说…
It be told that….据说…
It be expected that….（人们）希望….
It be reported that….据报道….
It be believed that….相信….
It be known that….众所周知…
It be thought that….认为….等，请观察以下句子
a. It is said that the meeting will be put off till next Friday.
b. It is known that nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
c. It is reported that he has got the first place in the game.
※ 温馨告知：如果这个句型中的谓语动词是表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如：desire (渴望)、suggest/advise/recommend/propose (建议)、request/require/demand/insist/urge (要求)、order/command (命令) 等词时, 从句谓语动词常用 (should) + 动词原形, 请观察以下句子
a. It is suggested that we (should) hold ameeting next week.
b. It is desired that we (should) get everything ready.
c. It is ordered that I leave now.
● It + 一些不及物动词 + that引导的从句, 此句型可转化为不定式结构，这些结构常见有：
It seems that….= …appears to do….好像….仿佛….
It appears that… = …appears to do….似乎是….
It happens/happened that….= …happens/happened to do…… 碰巧
a. It seems that he is lying.
b. It appears that he will win the prize.
c. It happened that I knew which room she lived in.
请观察以下句子
● It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that/who + 原句其他部分, 用于强调说话人的意愿，请观察以下句子
a. It was on Monday night that all this happened.
b. It's me that he blamed.
● It is/has been + 时间段 + since引导的从句，请观察以下句子
a. -- What was the party like
-- Wonderful. It's years since I enjoyed myself so much.
b. It is/has been a week since the old man died.
c. It has been/is three days since he came here.
● It won‘t be years + before引导的从句，表示 “没过多久就….”. 句型中 years 可用 months, weeks, long. minutes, hours等表示时间段的词来替换，请观察以下句子
a. It won't be weeks before I go to Shanghai.
b. It will not be long before they understand each other.
※ 轻轻告诉你：这个句型的肯定式为: “It will be + 时间段 + before
…..” 表示 “过...就......”, 请观察以下句子
a. It will be hours before he arrives at bus station.
b. It will be several days before your mother comes.
c. It will be five years before the project is finished.
◆ it的用法比较: 请仔细观察以下分组句子
a. ① It was four years since I had left the school.
这里，句中since引导的是时的状语，不能用 that代替
② It was four years that the war lasted.
这里是强调句型，it在强调句中为引导词，后面用 that
b. ① Was it 1949 when our hometown was liberated
这里，句中 it指时间，when在从句中作状语，不能用 that代替
② Was it in 1949 that our hometown was liberated
这里是强调句型，it为强调句型中的引导词
c. ① It is (about, high) time that you closed your store.
这里，“It + be + time + that从句” 为固定句型，that 从句谓语用虚拟语气
② It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.
这里，"It + be +序数词 + time + that 从句” 是固定句型
d. ①It is a pity that Smith has lost the game.
这里，it 做形式主语
②It is Smith that has lost the game.
这里是强调句型，it 为强调句型的引导词
◆ it作形式主语和形式宾语
● it 作形式主语：it作形式主语时,真正的主语是后面的不定式,动名词或从句，请观察以下句子
a. It's important to keep fit.
b. It's nice talking to you.
c. It's true that he may fall behind the other students.
※ it做形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式, 其机构为：It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.
①若要说明动词不定式的动作是由谁做的时候，后接 for sb. 能用于这个句型的形容词有：difficult (困难的)；hard (艰难的)；easy (容易的) ；possible (可能的)； necessary (必要的) ；important (重要的) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It is impossible for so few workers to do so much work in a single day.
b. It is difficult for the children to finish the project in a short time.
②若要说明动词不定式的逻辑主语 (人) 的性质，品行，性 格, 特性时，后接 of sb. 常用于这个句型的形容词有：nice (好的)； kind (和蔼的)； wise (聪明的)； clever (机灵的) ；bright (聪明的); foolish (愚蠢的)； stupid (愚蠢的) ；silly (愚蠢的) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes.
b. It is very kind of her to help the old man go home.
※ it作形式主语，动词 -ing 作真正的主语, 其结构为： It + be + no + 名词 + 动词 -ing，常用于这个句型的名词有use (用处) ；good (好处) ；worth (价值)，请观察以下句子
a. It's no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big.
b. It is no good doing so every day.
※ it作形式主语，真正的主语是从句, 请欣赏以下两个结构
① It + be +形容词 + that引导的从句；如果形容词是 possible (可能的) ; necessary (重要的) ; important (重要的); lucky (幸运的) ; strange (奇怪的) ；good (好的)； interesting (有趣的)；glad (高兴的) 等词时，从句中的谓语动词常用 (should) + 动词原形， 请观察以下句子
a. It is necessary that the young (should) learn to use the computer.
b. It is strange that he (should) take exercise at night every day.
② It + be + 名词词组 + that 引导的从句，用于此句型中的名词词组常见的有: a shame (羞愧的)； no wonder (不足为奇)；a pity (遗憾)；a surprise (惊奇)；a fact(事实)；a pleasure (愉快) 等，请观察以下句子
a. It is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.
b. It is a pity that you didn’t attend his wedding.
● it作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式、动名词和宾语从句, 构成 “主语 +谓语动词 + it...” 结构, 常用于这种句型中的谓语动词有: feel (觉得)；think (认为)； consider (认为)； find (发现)；make (使成为)；suppose (猜想) 等，请观察以下句子
a. He found it difficult to finish the work in so short time.
b. She thought it no use telling him about that.
c. They think it necessary that we go there at once.
◆ it 与one的区别
● it指特定的事物，one指不定的事物, 请观察以下句子
a. -- Do you have a car
-- Yes, I have one. I have a good one.
b. My father bought a car and gave it to me.
c. -- Do you want a pen
-- Yes, I want one.
d. -- Do you want the pen
-- Yes, I want it.
● 表示某一事物属于 “某一类”时用 one，不用 it. 此时 one丧失了明显的数的概念,而具有较抽象的含义,表示 “一个“, 请观察以下句子
a. The task is one of great importance.
b. He is one who never troubles about his personal interests.
● 指代同一事物用 it, 代指同名称的不同事物用 the one, this/that one等, 请观察以下句子
a. -- Is this car yours
-- No, it is my brother's. Mine is the one over there.
b. -- Is that schoolbag your brother’s
-- No, it is mine. That one is his.
● one只能代替可数名词，不能代替不可数名词，请观察以下句子
a. This tea is better than that.
b. The books in this room are more important than the ones in that one.
◆考点训练：从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
1. How would you like _______ if you were watching your favorite TV
program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without
asking you
A. Them B. one C. those D. it
D
2. An average of just 18.75 cm. of rain fell last year, making _________
The driest year since California became a state in 1850.
A. each B. it C. this D. one
3. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase __________
A. then B. those C. it D. that
4. ______ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One B. This C. It D. That
5. _______ our new headmaster is a doctor who lately graduated from
a university abroad.
A. It is said that B. They all said that
C. That is announced that D. It was reported
6. It is wrong _________ treat your mother like that.
A. that you to B. of you to C. for you to D. because you
B
C
C
A
B
7. It is about two months _________ Jane leaves school. She is going to be a teacher.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
8. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day
A. this B. that C. it D. he
9. I don't think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. he D. it
10. Does __________ matter if he can't finish the job on time
A. this B. that C. he D. it
11. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
B
C
D
D
D
12. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
13. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
14. __________ that you missed such a fine film
A. How it was B. How was it
C. Was it how D. How did it
D
A
B
That’s all!
Thank you!