外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit4 Breaking boundaries词汇精讲课堂课件(共43张PPT)

(共43张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：选择性必修二 Unit 4
assist
重难点词
一词多义
division
vital
辨析义
正式用语
英语释义
英语释义
cast
表示身份或职业的名词后缀
行为抽象名词
熟词生义
mount
priority
一词多义
复数名词
assist
If parents have children ____________（帮助）housework, the children will feel needed.（2013 安徽）
help with
高考链接
assist with
assist是正式用语
assist vt & vi［正式用语］帮助；协助：
We’re looking for people who would be willing to assist in / with the group’s work.
I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him in climbing / to climb onto the boat. 2011 重庆改
assist, help, aid
析
辨
三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同。
assist是正式用语，侧重“协助”“助理”，受助者自己要做大部分工作。
A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation.
help指给予各方面帮助。
I will help you (to) finish the housework.
aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难。
She is always aiding the student with money.
assistance n [U] 帮助；协助；援助：
medical / technical assistance
give / offer / provide assistance to sb
With the assistance of his brother, he sold one painting.
Can we be of assistance (= can we help you) in any way
assistant
■ n [C] 助手；副手；助理；店员：
a teaching / shop assistant
■ adj 助理的；辅助的 having a rank below a senior person and helping them in their work：
an assistant manager
【词汇拓展】
正式用语与非正式用语
Informal / Neutral（中性） Formal
帮助我的同学 __________ my classmate __________ my classmate
有自由做某事 be free to do sth be ______________ to do sth
无法忍受痛苦 can’t bear the pain can’t __________ the pain
爬上楼梯 go up the stairs __________ the stairs
创造奇迹 do / perform __________ do / work wonders
学习词汇时要了解它使用的文体和场景，避免日常交流和书面表达时因为用词不恰当、不得体导致交际失败。
help
assist
at liberty
endure
mount
miracles
priority
去日本旅游时，搭乘地铁或电车，会发现每节车厢设都有Priority Seat / Seating (优先席)，类似于国内的“爱心座位”，即优先让老、弱、病、残、孕使用的座位。
priority R1 n
[C] 优先事项 sth that is more important or that you must do before anything else：
Education is a top priority.
Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. 2019 江苏
[U] 优先权：
Club members will be given priority.
vital
高考链接
翻译句子。
阅读是我生活中极其重要的一部分。（2019 天津）
________________________________________
Reading is a very important part of my life.
an essential part
a vital part
vital R2 adj 至关重要的 very important or necessary (essential)：
of vital importance (= very important)
Consideration for other people is vital to all of us.
What’s worse, some drivers do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. 2015 江苏书面表达改
Reading is a vital part of my life. 2019 天津
vital词源解读
vital 词源义是“of or belonging to life” , 来自 vita “life”，即与生命相关、生死攸关，引申为“至关重要的”。
词根 前缀 / 后缀 单词 派生词
vit (life) -al （……的） vital adj 生命的；至关重要的 vitality n 活力；生气
vitalize v 赋予生命；使有生机
devitalize v 夺去……的生命 / 活力
revitalize v 使恢复元气；使复活
-able （能……的） viable adj 能生存的；可实行的 /
-amina(e) （物质） vitamin(e) n 维生素 /
vit词根
谈论影片的时候我们经常会说某部影片“卡司强大”，这里的“卡司”是英语cast的中文音译，意思是演员阵容。
cast
cast的基本义是“扔、投掷”，衍生出了大量外围的含义，如：“浇铸”（把融化的铁水“扔”到模具里）、“钓鱼”（把钓钩“扔”出去）、“计算、加”（扔石子来计算）、“演员阵容”（把演员“扔”到舞台上）等。
cast
cast R1
■ (cast, cast) vt
投；扔；抛；撒；掷：
The fisherman cast his net into the water.
投射（光、影、视线等）：
cast a shadow on the wall
He cast a look at the woman.
“扔”具体的某物到某处
“扔”光线、视线于某物
为（戏剧、角色）选派演员：
Music talents from many different countries were cast.
投票：
People not only cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions. 2016 江苏书面表达
把演员“扔”到舞台上
把选票“扔”给某人
■ n [C]
投；抛：
He caught a fish at his second cast.
全体演员：
an all-star cast
(be) cast down [不用于名词前] 沮丧的
cast语义网络图
“扔”具体的某物到某处
投；扔；抛；撒；掷
投；抛
n
扔
cast v
（基本义）
“扔”光线、视线于某物
把演员“扔”到舞台上
把选票“扔”给某人
投射（光、影、视线等）
为（戏剧、角色）选派演员
投票
全体演员
【拓展】
词组习语：
cast a glance 一瞥
cast an actor in a play 为某戏剧选演员
cast a movie 为电影选角
casting director 选角导演
cast sb as 将某人描绘为
telecast：television + (broad) cast 电视广播
newscast：news + (broad) cast 新闻广播
sportscast ／ sportcast：sport + (broad) cast 播送体育节目
■ n（缩写为Mt）［用于山名前，其前不用冠词］山；峰：
Mount Everest / Mount Tai
■ v
vt & vi［正式用语］爬（上）；骑（上）：
I mounted the steps and looked around me slowly.
vt 组织；安排 (arrange)：
mount a protest / an exhibition
vi 逐步增加
mount
mount的词源义是 “to get on a horse” ，攀上马背，引申为“上升”。mount的基本义是“上升”，与amount是同源词。
division
Do you know how to do math in English
add v
addition n
subtract v
subtraction n
multiply v
multiplication n
divide v
division n
divide v
vi & vt 分开；划分；分割；分配：
Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste, non-recyclable waste and recyclable waste.
将某物“分开”成部分， 即为“划分”“分割”；将某物“分开” 给到不同的人，即为“分配”。
Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs.
As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. 2008 浙江
vi & vt （被）除（尽）；把……作除数：
Ten divided by two equals five.
8 divides into 64.
将数字“分开”，即为“（被）除（尽）；把……作除数”。
vt 使产生分歧：
We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our difference unite, rather than divide us. 2016 浙江
意见、观点上“分开”，即为“使产生分歧”。
divide 通常指把整体分为若干部分。其后常接介词into。
The world is divided into seven continents.
整体 若干部分
separate 通常指把原来连在一起或靠近在一起的个体分隔开。其后常接介词from。
She doesn’t want to be separated from him.
个体 个体
析
辨
divide & separate：均可表示“分开”
divide语义网络图
分开
divide
（基本义）
将某物“分开”成部分或“分开”给到不同的人
分开；划分；
分割；分配
使产生分歧
使意见、观点上“分开”
将数字“分开”
（被）除（尽）；把……作除数
division R1 n
[U] & [C] [单数] 分；分开；分配：
In groups discuss what the possible work division was between men and women.
对应divide的释义
“分开；划分；分割；分配”
[C] 分界线；部分；部门
对应divide的释义
“分开；划分；分割；分配”
[C] & [U] 分裂；分歧；差异：
Division of opinion among themselves contributed to their defeat.
对应divide的释义
“使产生分歧”
[U] 除（法）：
30 divided by 5 is a simple division.
30÷5=？
对应divide的释义
“（被）除（尽）；把……作除数”
divide
分开；划分；分割；分配
（被）除（尽）；
把……作除数
使产生分歧
分裂；分歧；差异
分；分开；分配
分界线；部分；部门
除（法）
division
语义网络
行为抽象名词
v devote divide assist arrive recover relieve
n _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
A. 写出所给单词的名词形式。
B. 用 A 中抽象名词的词块完成下列句子，体会英汉表达差异。
1. What’s the problem Can I _________________（帮忙）
2. _________________ （一到达）, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.（2013 山东）
3. He has now _________________（痊愈）from his suffering.（2014 四川）
4. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into _________________（宽慰的泪水）.（2012 陕西）
devotion
division
assistance
arrival
recovery
relief
be of any assistance
Upon arrival
made a full recovery
tears of relief
由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫做行为抽象名词；行为抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过其动词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的动词。
常用复数形式的名词
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. __________ (statistic) show that people who failed at school didn’t end up failing in life.
2. If you like to stay by the river, River Festival will offer you a day of fun on the river bank, followed by __________ (firework) in the evening.（2009 北京）
3. Dr Green, _______________ (congratulation) on the success of your new book.（2015 浙江）
4. When he was finished, he climbed to the top of the __________ (stair) and reached to turn off the lights.（2012 辽宁）
Statistics
congratulations
fireworks
stairs
5. When planning Encyclopedia Britannica, I had to create a table of __________ (content) based on the topics of its articles.（2016 天津）
6. On his desk is a mass of books and __________ (paper).
7. The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily __________ (good) to keep the market stable.（2011 湖北）
8. Police officers in the UK do not usually carry __________ (arm).
contents
papers
goods
arms
在英语中，有些名词习惯以复数形式出现，不用单数形式，此时，其意义发生了变化。
常见的表示身份或职业的名词后缀有：
-er / -or, -ess（表示女性）, -ist（表示信仰者、专家或从事某活动的人）,
-er / -ee（表示动作的实施者与承受者）, -ian（表示精通某行业的人）,
-ese（表示某个地方或国家的人）, -ant 等。
一、将所给词加上表示身份或职业的名词后缀，并写出其汉语释义。
表示身份或职业的名词后缀
assist → _________ ________ commune → _________ _________
library → _________ ________ educate → _________ _________
history → _________ _________ China → _________ _________
direct → _________ _________ act → _________ _________
communist
librarian
educator
historians
Chinese
assistant
director
actor
助理
共产主义者
图书管理员
教育家
中国人
历史学家
导演
演员
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Most ____________ (employ) do care about the personal appearances of their ____________ (employ), because those people represent the companies to their customers.（2012 陕西）
2. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village that the ____________ (host) cooked such a nice dinner.（2010 安徽）
3. The ____________ (assist) noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.（2013 重庆）
employers
employees
hostess
assistant
随堂检测
assist
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. He assists her ___________ cooking matters.（2018 全国）
2. He assisted the old man ___________ (fill) in the forms.
3. Two men are assisting the police ___________ their enquiries.
4. You will be employed to assist __________ the development of new equipment.
5. The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical __________ (assist).（2019 江苏）
in
to fill
in / with
in / with
assistance
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Housework is low on her list of __________ (priority).
2. The search for a new vaccine（疫苗）will take priority __________ all other medical research.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. The development of the national economy is a(n) _______________（当务之急）.
2. The government is giving ______________ to industrial development.
3. Our _______________（头等大事）is to maintain the customer’s confidence in our product.
4. Vehicles coming from the right _______________（有优先权）.
top priority
first priority
have priority
high priority
priorities
over
priority
vital
翻译下列句子。
1. 你的支持对我的计划能否成功关系重大。
Your support ________________ the success of my plan.
2. 氧是生命所必不可少的。
_______________________________
3. 重要的是孩子们要受到良好的教育。
________________ children receive good education.
4. 在这份工作中有幽默感是至关重要的。
________________ a sense of humor in this job.
5. 运气对朱迪的生存起着至关重要的作用。（2015 陕西）
Luck ________________ in Judy’s survival.
is vital for
Oxygen is vital to life.
It’s vital to have
It is vital that
plays a vital role
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction. __________
2. The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. __________
3. This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events. __________
4. Some way from them, the fisherman cast his line. __________
6. The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. __________
7. He cast himself as the innocent victim of a hate campaign. __________
8. Our door knocker is cast in solid brass（黄铜）. __________
向……投以微笑
投射（光）
使人怀疑
分配 / 选派角色
投 / 抛（钓线）
cast
把他自己表现为
浇铸 / 铸造
mount
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He mounted the horse and rode off. __________
2. His debts continued to mount up. __________
3. He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. __________
4. Mount Everest is the highest mount in the world. __________
6. We mounted an exhibition of recent books. __________
7. Social problems in modern society are mounting. __________
骑上
逐渐增加
登上
安排 / 组织开展
山峰
逐渐增加
一、根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. __________
2. 30 divided by 6 is 5. __________
3. Google Video is a division of Google and is part of the same corporate entity. __________
4. In groups discuss what the possible work division was between men and women. __________
5. The narrowness of the government’s victory reflected deep division within the Party. __________
除
division
分割 / 划分
部门
分工 / 分配
分歧
二、翻译下列句子。
1. 这笔钱你们六个人分。
_____________________________________________
2. The football team moved up to the first division after winning all its games.
_____________________________________________
Divide the money among the six of you.
赢得所有比赛后，这个足球队荣升甲级队。
以足球运动为中心的地区性足球俱乐部的比赛，称为足球联赛。足球超级联赛地区最高级别的职业足球联赛，甲级联赛是第二级别的足球职业联赛，乙级联赛是第三级别的足球联赛。
谢
谢
观
赏