外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit4 Breaking boundaries Starting out and Understanding ideas 能力提升练（有解析）

Unit4 Starting out and Understanding ideas能力提升练
I. 阅读理解
A
(2019江苏启东中学高二上第一次月考）
American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection. Doctors at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black，green，oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid(氨基酸) called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. That’s the letter T，not the drink. Gamma delta T cells are part of the body’s defense.
First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens (抗原）found in the amino acid. Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria. Within twenty-four hours，the cells produced a lot of interferon (干扰素)，a substance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon.
In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.
Two weeks later, and again two weeks after that，the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon.
Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He said the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He said that the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again next time.
Earlier research has already found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people. “If the findings prove to be true,” he says, “then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infection. ” He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from the tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body’s defense.
1. We may know from the text that_______ can be found in different kinds of tea.
A. L-theanine
B. gamma delta T cells
C. interferon
D. bacteria
2. Tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system because it helps_______.
A. to add some bacteria to the blood cells
B. the body to produce more gamma delta T cells
C. the body to produce more interferon
D. to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body
3. According to Dr Bukowski, _______.
A. the findings of the study have already proved to be true
B. further study is needed to prove the findings true
C. he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it
D. he is not sure whether tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer
B
(2020黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学高二上期末）
Aging brings wrinkles，sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: The attitude is everything.
Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work.
But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older. “The notion that those in old age are happier is misleading,”said Richard Easterlin，a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. “It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income, health and family life. ” Easterlin added, “When you take account of the fact that older people who have lower income than the younger are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone，then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier. ”
In fact，scientists have found that as people age， their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy.
Even if one does give in to age’s dark side, health and happiness don’t always go hand-in-hand. It’s all about the attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that the attitude to life and happiness is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.
Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “ Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness. ”
4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A. The key factor in older adults’ happiness.
B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness.
C. No one can define the limit to happiness.
D. The relationship between health and happiness.
5. Why are some seniors happier according to some experts
A. They focus on what makes them feel good.
B. They have their own circle of friends.
C. They have better income after retirement.
D. They can enjoy social welfare services.
6. What can we learn from the passage
A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness.
B. The attitude may play a very important role in happiness.
C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy.
D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic.
7. What’s the topic discussed in the passage
A. Whether aging or the attitude brings happiness.
B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society.
C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is.
D. How older people feel compared with younger people.
II. 七选五
(独家原创试题）
Standing strong for Wuhan
In the battle against COVID-19, medical workers fight in the front line，while people from all walks of life help pass on love to one another. 1
An infected man goes viral (走红）
A man infected with the novel coronavirus became an internet celebrity (名人)after a video of him went viral. 2 A medical staff member passes by with a thumbs-up. The 39-year-old man, surnamed Fu, is a post-doctor teaching at Florida State University in the United States. He came to Wuhan to visit his parents, who were also infected with the novel coronavirus.
With love from El Salvador
3 On Feb. 7，11-year-old Javier Castellano and his 13-year-old sister Valeria painted a picture to send their blessing as China fights to contain the deadly coronavirus. 4 Valeria said that she heard about the epidemic on the news and she believed that China would overcome this huge challenge.
Up and running
On Feb. 4，medical workers transferred patients to the newly-built Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan. 5 The city government investigated (调查）coronavirus-infected citizens in local communities and transferred critical cases to the hospital. “The diagnosis (诊断）of patients is speeding up，” Xiong Wei，deputy director of Dewang Community Neighborhood Committee，told Xinmin Evening News.
A. El Salvador is a heavily populated country in North America.
B. China is receiving support from around the world, including El Salvador.
C. Take a look at the following touching moments!
D. This special emergency-response hospital was built in 10 days and has a capacity (容量）of 1,000 beds.
E. In the video, he can be seen reading Francis Fukuyama’s The Origins of Political Order at Jianghan Cabin Hospital.
F. The video showed what the life was like in the new hospital with some patients dancing and some others reading or shooting pictures.
G. Their painting says, “ Come on, China! El Salvador loves China. ”
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
参考答案：
I.
◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是喝茶可以增强身体对感染的抵御能力，因为茶可以使身体制造出更多的干扰素
1. A细节理解题。根据第一段中的 The team studied a chemical found in black，green，oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid（氨基酸）called L-theanine. 可知，不同的茶里面都有的物质是 L-theanine，故选A。
2. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Within twenty-four hours，the cells produced a lot of interferon（干扰素），a substance that fights infection. 可知茶有助于加强身体的免疫系统是因为它可以使身体制造出更多的干扰素，故选C
3. B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated by more people. All Doctor Bukowski认为要证明这个发现是对的，还需要更多的研究，故选B。
B
◎语篇解读随着年龄的增加，人们的幸福感也发生了变化些人认为老年人会更幸福些，而另一部分人则对此表示怀疑。无论如何，幸福的关键在于一个人对生活的态度。
4. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 the good news is that there doesnt appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness可知，幸福没有限度。故选C.
5. A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer s people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in societ. 可知，一些老年人更快乐是因为他们注意力集中在使他们感到快乐的事情上。故选A。
6. B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中 It's all about the attitude. Research by the University of Chicago's Yang suggests that the attitude to life and happiness is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness可知，人们对生活和幸福的态度受出生的时代的影响，态度在一定程度上影响了幸福。故选B。
7. A主旨大意题。由文章第一段提到 aging may be a key to happiness，然后又提到 The attitude is everything可知，全文在讨论老年人感到幸福是因为变老还是因为态度。故选A.
Ⅱ. ◎语篇解读在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的战斗中，医务人员奋战在第一线，各行各业的人帮助彼此传递爱心
1. C第一段最后一句需要起到引出下文的作用，下文中介绍了几个抗击疫情的暖心时刻，故选C
2. E根据上一句中 a video of him went viral可知本句应介绍视频内容，说明他为什么出名。故选E。
3. B根据本段标题 With love from El Salvador，并结合下文内容可知，首句应当是这一段的主题句。故选B。
4. G根据上一句中 painted a picture to send their blessing可知选G。
5. D上一句提及 the newly-built Huoshenshan Hospital，本句应解释火神山医院的基本情况。故选D。