中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点01 语法填空之空间技术
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
本题型的设题是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10处空白,6~7处空白的后面给出提示词(所填内容不得超过3个单词),3~4处空白不给任何提示词(仅填1个单词),要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容。语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况。语法填空题目前出现的考点有：时态和语态，非谓语动词，助动词，词性转换，冠词，代词，介词，连词，连接词，比较级和最高级，名词复数，关系词，祈使句，强调。（共涉及《英语课程标准》中的19个语法项目，暂时还没有涉及到的语法项目有：数词，倒装，虚拟语气，情态动词等。
（一）有提示词
这种考查形式主要考查词性转换，名词单复数变化，形容词或副词的比较级和最高级变化，动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致），以及动词的非谓语动词形式。这类题往往要先判断设空处在句中的功能，然后再确定该用什么形式。
1、名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
2、动词形式变化 动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
3、代词形式变化 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。
4、形容词、副词比较级变化 英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/ less和most/ least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
5、数词形式变化 数词的形式变化包含基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen或-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/ two的特殊变化形式 once/ twice。
6、词的派生词 词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要产生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
（二）无提示词
这种形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。因为没有提示词，所以考生需要根据短文大意和上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容。
1、固定短语结构 根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“熟视无睹”才能得出答案。
2、从句引导词 从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测大家对引导词的掌握程度。
3、短语动词结构 短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用。
4、短语介词结构 短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to等。
5、连词、关系短语结构 常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等，常用的关联短语有both…and..., either…or..., neither…nor...., not only…but also...等。
6、冠词、介词和常用的副词 冠词是在a, an, the，还有零冠词之间判定；常用的介词有in, at, on, before, during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词有：however, never, yet, much等。
7、上下文中呈现的相关词 学生能够依据上下文关联和本人积累的知识，填入某个已出现的近义词或反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句或句前句后。
航空航天、载人航天、火星、月球等
A
阅读下面短文，根据语境和所给单词的提示，在空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整，行文连贯。
The day that every Chinese had looked forward to finally came. ____1____ September 17th, after going through a hard time, the Shenzhou -12 manned spacecraft (载人飞船) came back to earth. It was a complete success. The three taikonauts (中国宇航员), Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo tried all ____2____ (they) best to make the journey to space a wonderful one.
Though they all ____3____ (look) in good condition, they still accepted medical examinations immediately to make sure that they were ____4____ (health). In the following days, they will have more health checks and nutrition plans. The purpose is to have them get back to what they were, or even in better shape than before they left. For them, much time will be needed to get used to ____5____ (live) on earth.
【答案】1．On 2．their 3．looked 4．healthy 5．living
【分析】9月17日，神舟12号载人飞船成功返回地球，三位宇航员聂海胜、刘伯明和唐洪波，尽了最大的努力，使太空之旅成为一次奇妙的旅行，对他们来说，需要很长时间来适应在地球上的生活。
1．句意：9月17日，经过一段艰难的时间，神舟12号载人飞船返回地球。时间介词on表示具体的、特定的某一天；“September 17th”是一个具体的日子，因此其前使用介词on，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填On。
2．句意：三位宇航员聂海胜、刘伯明和唐洪波，尽了最大的努力，使太空之旅成为一次奇妙的旅行。try one’s best“尽某人最大的努力”，固定短语，因此，此处使用they的形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
3．句意：尽管他们看起来身体状况良好，但他们还是立即接受了医疗检查，以确保身体健康。本文讲述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用一般过去式；look的过去式是looked。故填looked。
4．句意：尽管他们看起来身体状况良好，但他们还是立即接受了医疗检查，以确保身体健康。分析句子可知，主系表结构，此处使用形容词作表语；health“健康”，名词，其形容词为healthy，表示“健康的”。故填healthy。
5．句意：对他们来说，需要很长时间来适应在地球上的生活。get used to doing“习惯于做某事/适应做某事”，固定短语；live的动名词是living。故填living。
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
DING! This is your captain(机长), Tianwen-1, speaking. We expect to land on Mars(火星) soon. Please get ready to… We will be the ____6____ (three) to land on it.
Ah, what a long flight! Finally, it’s time ____7____ me to start working. Wow! What a beautiful place it is! It seems to be red all over!
Oh, I just forgot to introduce ____8____ (I). My name is Zhurong(祝融). I was born in China. I’ll be the ____9____ (country) first-ever spacecraft to land on Mars and explore(探索)this famous planet. It’s a difficult job but very ____10____ (value). Lots of Chinese scientists ____11____ (spend) many days and nights training me. I am full of pride to be a pioneer(先锋)!
I know many of you are interested in Mars. There are lots of books about ____12____ red planet. But in many ways, it is still a mysterious place. For the next three ____13____ (month), I’ll be working very hard.
____14____ (probable) I’ll run into many difficulties, but I’ll never give up. I’ll try my best to let Chinese scientists learn _____15_____ (much) about Mars than all the others.
Now it’s time to set out! Wish me good luck and wait for my good news!
【答案】
third 7．for 8．myself 9．country’s 10．valuable
11．spent 12．the##this 13．months 14．Probably 15．more
【分析】本文是祝融号火星车以第一人称“我”介绍它的来历、工作和愿景。
6．句意：我们将是第三个登陆火星的。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知，此处要填序数词；three“三”，基数词，其序数词为third，表示“第三”。故填third。
7．句意：“我”该工作了。根据“it’s time…me to start working.”可知，句型it’s time for sb. to do sth.表示“某人该做某事了”；根据结构，故填for。
8．句意：哦，“我”忘记自我介绍了。根据“I just forgot to introduce…”可知，introduce oneself表示“自我介绍”，固定短语；I“我”，人称代词主格，其反身代词为myself，表示“我自己”。故填myself。
9．句意：“我”将是国家第一个降落在火星的航天器。根据“first-ever spacecraft”可知，此处要用名词所有格修饰；country“国家”，名词，其所有格形式为country’s。故填country’s。
10．句意：这是一个困难的工作，但很有价值。根据“very”是副词可知，后要接形容词；value“价值”，名词，其形容词为valuable，表示“有价值的”。故填valuable。
11．句意：许多中国科学家花了很多日日夜夜训练“我”。根据“Lots of Chinese scientists…many days and nights training me.”可知，此处是在叙述去火星之前的事情，应用一般过去时；spend“花费”，动词，其过去式为spent。故填spent。
12．句意：有很多关于这颗红色星球的书。根据“There are lots of books about … red planet.”可知，此处特指“这颗红色的星球”，应用定冠词the；也可用指示代词this“这个”来表示。故填the/this。
13．句意：接下来的三个月里，“我”将非常努力地工作。根据空前的“three”可知，此处要用名词复数；month“月份”，名词，其复数为months。故填months。
14．句意：也许“我”会遇到很多困难，但“我”永远不会放弃。根据“I’ll run into many difficulties, but I’ll never give up.”可知，该句结构完整；结合所给词可知，此处要用其副词形式作句子状语；probable“可能的”，形容词，其副词为probably，表示“或许，也许”；设空处在句首，首字母应大写。故填Probably。
15．句意：“我”将尽最大努力让中国科学家了解更多的火星知识。根据句中的“than”可知，此处要用比较级；much“很多”，其比较级为more，表示“更多”。故填more。
C
Plenty of people only dream of going to Mars(火星).____16____different from those people, 13-year-old Alyssa Carson has been working ____17____(happy) for that dream since the age of 4; according to a new report which ____18____(produce) by the BBC not long ago.
Alyssa tells the BBC,“I hope ____19____(go) to Mars. Because it is a place ____20____no one has been to before. “According to the BBC, she has attended USA's three world space camps so far.
Her father, Bert Carson, tells the BBC that Alyssa plans to be on the ____21____(one)long journey to Mars, which is expected to take place in____22____ year of 2033. “We take pride in her”, he says. “We have the next eighteen years planned out.” One of those ____23____(plan) is Alyssa attending the International Space University.
Of course, Alyssa's dream could come with ____24____(big) sacrifices(牺牲) than others. If Alyssa goes to Mars, it may be very difficult for her to return to Earth. Still, her father says, “If that’s the only _____25_____(choose) she has, she still wants to go.” Alyssa agrees.
【答案】
But 17．happily 18．was produced 19．to go 20．that/which
21．first 22．the 23．plans 24．bigger 25．choice
【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了很多人想去火星，但是与众不同的是13岁的Alyssa Carson在四岁时就有这个梦想了。他的爸爸告诉BBC，Alyssa第一个长途旅行计划就是去火星，他期待在2033年能够实现。
16．句意：但是和那些人不同。
根据所在位置可知，应该填的是连词，由前文“Plenty of people only dream of going to Mars(火星)”和后文“different from those people”可知，是转折关系，所以用但是，but意为“但是”，故填But。
17．句意：13岁的艾莉莎·卡森从4岁起就为这个梦想快乐地工作。
根据所给空前面的working可知，应该填的是副词，happy“开心的”副词形式是happily，故填happily。
18．句意：根据英国广播公司不久前发表的一份新报告。
根据所给空前面的先行词a new report发不出动词produce这个动作，所以要用被动语态，时态是一般过去时，定语从句中的谓语动词取决于先行词，a new report是单数，所以be动词用was，produce“生产，发表”的过去分词是produced，故填was produced。
19．句意：我希望去火星。
根据固定搭配hope to do sth“希望做某事”可知，应该填动词不定式形式，go意为“去”，故填to go。
20．句意：因为这是一个没人去过的地方。
根据所给空前面的a place和后面的no one has been to before可知，应该填的是定语从句中的关系代词，先行词a place是物且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用which或that，故填that/which。
21．句意：Alyssa计划第一次去火星的旅行。
根据所给空前面的the可知，应该填的是序数词表示顺序，one的序数词是first“第一”，故填first。
22．句意：火星之旅，预计2033年开始。
根据所给空后面的“year of 2033”可知，应该是特指2033年，所以应该用定冠词the，故填the。
23．句意：这些计划中的其中一个是艾莉莎就读于国际空间大学。
根据所给空前面的“One of those”可知，应该填的是可数名词复数，plan“计划”复数形式是plans，故填plans。
24．句意：Alyssa的梦想可能会带来比其他人更大的牺牲。
根据所给空后面的“than others”可知，应该填的是形容词的比较级形式，big“大的”比较级形式是bigger，故填bigger。
25．句意：如果这是她唯一的选择，她还是想去。
根据所给空前面的“the only”可知，应该填的是名词，choose的名词形式是choice“选择”，故填choice。
D
用括号内所给单词的正确形式题空
April 10, 2019 is a remarkable day. The whole world felt ___26___ (excite) on that night. For the first time in history, people saw the picture of a black hole. The picture became popular ___27___(quick). But attention soon turned to Katie Bauman a computer scientist. ___28___(with) her efforts, the historic picture wouldn't be possible.
___29___(take) a picture of the black hole is not easy. It's like taking a photo of an orange that is on the moon (月球). Many ___30___ (science) kept trying. However, no one was ___31___ (success).
These difficulties didn't stop Bouman from trying. Three years ago, she started ___32___ (work) on a special computer programme. Over the years, she improved the programme many times. Finally, it turned telescope data（望远镜数据）into the black hole picture.
Bouman then became famous for her work. People thought she was one of the ___33___ (great) women. The young woman, however, said the efforts of her workmates ___34___(be) important. "None（没有一个）of us could do it alone. " she told reporters.
“Do you want to make history as Bouman did Just work hard towards your dream. One day, you ____35____(make) the impossible possible, too.
【答案】
excited 27．quickly 28．Without 29．Taking 30．scientists 31．successful
32．to work/working 33．greatest 34．were 35．will make
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了多亏一位女科学家及其团队的努力，人类首次看见了黑洞的照片。
26．句意：全世界人民那晚都十分激动。
此处作表语，应该用形容词；excite使……激动，是动词，其形容词为excited感到激动的，因为主语是人，所以用excited。故答案为excited。+
27．句意：这张照片很快变得很受欢迎。
此处修饰其前动词became，所以用副词；quick快的，是形容词，其副词形式为quickly，故答案为quickly。
28．句意：没有她的努力，这张照片不可能成真。
此处缺介词，with有，表伴随，是介词；根据句意，可知此处是提出假设，表示“若没有”，应该用without，故答案为Without。
29．句意：拍摄黑洞的照片不容易。
此处作主语，应该用动名词形式；take photos意为“拍照”，故答案为Taking。
30．句意：许多科学家持续在尝试。
此处作主语，其前被many修饰，可知用名词复数；science科学，是名词；根据句意，可知此处应该是scientist，意为“科学家”，是名词，故答案为scientists。
31．句意：然而，没人成功。
此处作表语，应该用形容词；success成功，是名词；其形容词在词尾加形容词后缀ful，故答案为successful。
32．句意：三年前，她开始研究一个特别的电脑项目。
此处作宾语，根据固定用法，start后可接动词不定式或动名词作宾语，意为“开始做某事”；work意为“工作”，是动词，故答案为to work/working。
33．句意：人们认为她是最伟大的女性之一。
此处修饰其后名词women，应该用形容词，又根据固定句型one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最……之一”，可知此处填形容词最高级；great意为“伟大的”，是形容词，其最高级在词尾加est，故答案为greatest。
34．句意：然而，这位年轻女士说她同事的努力也很重要。
此处作谓语，根据其前主语efforts是复数，可知此处be动词用are；又根据主句谓语动词said用一般过去时，可知此处也用一般过去时were，故答案为were。
35．句意：有一天，你也可以将不可能变为可能。
此处作谓语，根据时间状语“one day”，可知用一般将来时will do；make意为“使”，是使役动词，故答案为will make。
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热点01 语法填空之空间技术
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
本题型的设题是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10处空白,6~7处空白的后面给出提示词(所填内容不得超过3个单词),3~4处空白不给任何提示词(仅填1个单词),要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容。语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况。语法填空题目前出现的考点有：时态和语态，非谓语动词，助动词，词性转换，冠词，代词，介词，连词，连接词，比较级和最高级，名词复数，关系词，祈使句，强调。（共涉及《英语课程标准》中的19个语法项目，暂时还没有涉及到的语法项目有：数词，倒装，虚拟语气，情态动词等。
（一）有提示词
这种考查形式主要考查词性转换，名词单复数变化，形容词或副词的比较级和最高级变化，动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致），以及动词的非谓语动词形式。这类题往往要先判断设空处在句中的功能，然后再确定该用什么形式。
1、名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
2、动词形式变化 动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
3、代词形式变化 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。
4、形容词、副词比较级变化 英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/ less和most/ least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
5、数词形式变化 数词的形式变化包含基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen或-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/ two的特殊变化形式 once/ twice。
6、词的派生词 词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要产生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
（二）无提示词
这种形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。因为没有提示词，所以考生需要根据短文大意和上下文的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容。
1、固定短语结构 根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“熟视无睹”才能得出答案。
2、从句引导词 从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测大家对引导词的掌握程度。
3、短语动词结构 短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用。
4、短语介词结构 短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to等。
5、连词、关系短语结构 常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等，常用的关联短语有both…and..., either…or..., neither…nor...., not only…but also...等。
6、冠词、介词和常用的副词 冠词是在a, an, the，还有零冠词之间判定；常用的介词有in, at, on, before, during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词有：however, never, yet, much等。
7、上下文中呈现的相关词 学生能够依据上下文关联和本人积累的知识，填入某个已出现的近义词或反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句或句前句后。
航空航天、载人航天、火星、月球等
A
阅读下面短文，根据语境和所给单词的提示，在空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整，行文连贯。
The day that every Chinese had looked forward to finally came. ____1____ September 17th, after going through a hard time, the Shenzhou -12 manned spacecraft (载人飞船) came back to earth. It was a complete success. The three taikonauts (中国宇航员), Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo tried all ____2____ (they) best to make the journey to space a wonderful one.
Though they all ____3____ (look) in good condition, they still accepted medical examinations immediately to make sure that they were ____4____ (health). In the following days, they will have more health checks and nutrition plans. The purpose is to have them get back to what they were, or even in better shape than before they left. For them, much time will be needed to get used to ____5____ (live) on earth.
B
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
DING! This is your captain(机长), Tianwen-1, speaking. We expect to land on Mars(火星) soon. Please get ready to… We will be the ____6____ (three) to land on it.
Ah, what a long flight! Finally, it’s time ____7____ me to start working. Wow! What a beautiful place it is! It seems to be red all over!
Oh, I just forgot to introduce ____8____ (I). My name is Zhurong(祝融). I was born in China. I’ll be the ____9____ (country) first-ever spacecraft to land on Mars and explore(探索)this famous planet. It’s a difficult job but very ____10____ (value). Lots of Chinese scientists ____11____ (spend) many days and nights training me. I am full of pride to be a pioneer(先锋)!
I know many of you are interested in Mars. There are lots of books about ____12____ red planet. But in many ways, it is still a mysterious place. For the next three ____13____ (month), I’ll be working very hard.
____14____ (probable) I’ll run into many difficulties, but I’ll never give up. I’ll try my best to let Chinese scientists learn _____15_____ (much) about Mars than all the others.
Now it’s time to set out! Wish me good luck and wait for my good news!
C
Plenty of people only dream of going to Mars(火星).____16____different from those people, 13-year-old Alyssa Carson has been working ____17____(happy) for that dream since the age of 4; according to a new report which ____18____(produce) by the BBC not long ago.
Alyssa tells the BBC,“I hope ____19____(go) to Mars. Because it is a place ____20____no one has been to before. “According to the BBC, she has attended USA's three world space camps so far.
Her father, Bert Carson, tells the BBC that Alyssa plans to be on the ____21____(one)long journey to Mars, which is expected to take place in____22____ year of 2033. “We take pride in her”, he says. “We have the next eighteen years planned out.” One of those ____23____(plan) is Alyssa attending the International Space University.
Of course, Alyssa's dream could come with ____24____(big) sacrifices(牺牲) than others. If Alyssa goes to Mars, it may be very difficult for her to return to Earth. Still, her father says, “If that’s the only _____25_____(choose) she has, she still wants to go.” Alyssa agrees.
D
用括号内所给单词的正确形式题空
April 10, 2019 is a remarkable day. The whole world felt ___26___ (excite) on that night. For the first time in history, people saw the picture of a black hole. The picture became popular ___27___(quick). But attention soon turned to Katie Bauman a computer scientist. ___28___(with) her efforts, the historic picture wouldn't be possible.
___29___(take) a picture of the black hole is not easy. It's like taking a photo of an orange that is on the moon (月球). Many ___30___ (science) kept trying. However, no one was ___31___ (success).
These difficulties didn't stop Bouman from trying. Three years ago, she started ___32___ (work) on a special computer programme. Over the years, she improved the programme many times. Finally, it turned telescope data（望远镜数据）into the black hole picture.
Bouman then became famous for her work. People thought she was one of the ___33___ (great) women. The young woman, however, said the efforts of her workmates ___34___(be) important. "None（没有一个）of us could do it alone. " she told reporters.
“Do you want to make history as Bouman did Just work hard towards your dream. One day, you ____35____(make) the impossible possible, too.
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