外研版（2019） 选择性必修第二册 Unit6 Survival 单元考点突破学案（含答案）

名师原创：Unit6 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. hesitate vi. 迟疑，犹豫；踌躇；顾虑
【原句再现】
Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
hesitate about/over… 就…犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
【精品例句】
He hesitated before he replied.
回答前，他犹豫了一下
I hesitate to tell you the truth.
我不大想告诉你真相
If you need any help, don’t hesitate to call us.
要是你需要帮助，随时给我们打电话
She hesitated about/over the choice between the two dresses.
她对到底选择这两件衣服中的哪一件犹豫不决
I accepted the job without hesitation.
我毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作
【高考链接】
We are at your service. Don’t hesitate ____ (turn) to us if you have any further problems. (福建课改卷) (to turn)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They still hesitated ______ going abroad. (about/over)
2. commit vt. 承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【原句再现】
No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
commit...to…　把……送交/托付给……；对……作出承诺，承担义务，担负责任；使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to do/to/sth./ doing...承诺；保证做……
commit a crime 犯罪
committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
commitment n.承诺；委托；承担义务
【精品例句】
We are committed to improving services.
我们承诺改善服务。
Nobody was prepared to commit themselves.
谁都不愿作出承诺。
She didn't want to commit herself one way or the other.
不管怎样，她都不想作出承诺
Also, be totally committed to what you do, as excellence is only possible with commitment.
此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。
【高考链接】
The President is committed to _______ (reform)health care. (江苏卷) (reforming)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The boy _______ (commit) to the care of his aunt yesterday. (was committed)
He has committed himself _______ the cause of education. (to)
He has committed himself _______ (support)them. (to support/to supporting)
3. common adj. 普遍的; 常见的; 共同的; 共有的; 普通的; 寻常的
【原句再现】
Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
反意词: uncommon /rare
common sense常识
the common goal共同目标
the common people平民百姓
a common disease常见病
a common mistake常犯的错误
common 作名词时仅用在以下惯用语中：
※ have…in common (with) (与…) 有共同之处
※ in common with …与….一样
commonly adv. 通常；一般；广泛地（= widely）
【精品例句】
It’s common for people to wear masks in foggy days.
在雾天人们戴口罩很常见
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship.
选择志趣相投的朋友对建立友谊很重要
We have a lot in common and have a lot to talk about.
我们有许多共同点，因此有很多话题可聊
I have nothing in common with Jane.
我和简毫无共同之处
【高考链接】
Letterboxes are much more _______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In common _______ other students, Tom is seldom late for school. (with)
4. assume vt. 假定;设想; 担任; 承担
【原句再现】
Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
assumption n. 假定; 假设
it is assumed + that…..从句… (人们/一般) 认为
make an assumption 认为；假定
on the assumption that... 假定……
assume v. 假定；设想
assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
assuming (that)... conj.假设/假定……
【精品例句】
We think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
我们认为，假设他们不顾严寒住在这些洞穴里是有道理的
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致
I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.
我错了，我愿意为此承担责任
The assumption that human clones have already been born hasn't been proved yet.
克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实
We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up .
我们假设每个人都会应邀出席，并正在就此作安排。
【高考链接】
The project was predicated on the _________ (assume) that the economy was expanding. (江苏卷) (assumption)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
_______ (assume) that you're chosen to be the leader, what will you do (Assuming)
It is generally ____ (assume) that too much work will cause stress. (assumed)
5. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的；成为起因；可靠的(=reliable)；有责任心的
【原句再现】
Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
a responsible teacher 负责的老师
responsibility n.责任；职责
sb. is responsible for sth.某人对某事负责/有责任
sth is responsible for...某事物是……的原因
accept/have/take/shoulder responsibility for doing sth. 对做某事负责
a sense of responsibility
【精品例句】
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.
媒体有如实报道新闻的道德责任
Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer.
抽烟是许多肺癌的原因
He is a responsible young man.
他是一个有责任心的年轻人
We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health.
我们需要对呵护自己的健康负责
【高考链接】
Taking _________(responsible) for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. (天津卷) (responsibility)
Human activity is not responsible _____ all water shortages. (安徽卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It’s time you started acting like a ____ (responsibility) adult. (responsible)
We should be responsible _____ our own happiness and misery. (for)
6. appeal. vi&vt上诉；呼吁；打动vi呼吁; 恳请；vi有吸引力；有感染力；申诉；n. 呼吁；恳请；吸引力；魅力；上诉；申诉；上诉权
【原句再现】
As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
appeal (to sb.) (for sth.) 呼吁/恳请某人提供…..
appeal (to friends) for help 恳请(朋友)帮助
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳请某人做某事
appeal to…. 有吸引力；有感染力
make launch an appeal for money and clothes 呼吁捐钱捐衣物
wide popular appeal广受欢迎
lose an appeal 上诉失败
appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
【精品例句】
The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁人人节约用水。
Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women 体育运动已成为一种重要的娱乐形式，吸引着男男女女。
She's not happy with the decision and plans to appeal.
她不服判决， 打算上诉。
The prisoner made an appeal to the judge for mercy.
囚犯恳求法官宽大处理。
The sentence was reduced to three years on appeal.
通过上诉，刑期减为三年。
Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children t o read more.
《哈利，波特》的故事太吸引人了, 使得孩子们读了还想再读
The pet dog looked at her master with an appealing and frightened look.
这只宠物狗带着一副哀求和惊恐的表情看着她的主人。
【高考链接】
We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts. (浙江卷)
A. block off B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across （B）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The police are appealing ______ the public for any information about the missing girl. (to)
7. evidence n．证据；证明
【原句再现】
There is evidence that unban raccoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
There is some/no evidence that... (没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It's evident that...很明显……
evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地
【精品例句】
There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.
有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处
The first signs of spring are in evidence.
春天的最初迹象已显而易见
At present we have no evidence of life on other planets.
目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据
It is evident that education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的
His footprints were clearly evident in the heavy dust，which is the evidence that he had come here before.
他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据
【高考链接】
A new study has found no _______ (evident) that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer. (江苏卷) (evidence)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He ______ (evident) hated math at school，so it's amazing he became an accountant! (evidently)
It must be ______ (evidence) to all of you that he has made a mistake. (evident)
8. figure out 弄明白; 计算出
【原句再现】
There is evidence that unban raccoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
the latest trade figures 最新的贸易数据
have a head for figures 有数学头脑
keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材很好
a public/political/a leading/an authority figure公众/政治/领军/ 权威人物
a public / a leading / an authority figure公众/领军/ 权威人物
a tall figure in black一个黑衣高个子人影
【精品例句】
I figure he'll be back soon.
我认为他很快就会回来。
I'm just figuring my expenses.
我在计算我的开销
John figured out how to guess the right answers, so he got good grades.
约翰弄清楚了如何猜对答案， 所以得了高分。
【高考链接】
He got a job, earning close to six figures. （陕西卷.阅读篇）
The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure ____ its reality. （湖北卷.完型）(out)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
如今，每个女性都想拥有苗条的身材，在加拿大尤其如此
(Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays, especially in Canada. )
旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有
(Have you figured out how much the trip will cost )
9. fit in with适应；符合；与……一致
【原句再现】
Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
fit adj.　合适的；健康的
fitness n. 健康，健壮
fit vt.& vi. 合身，合适，安装
be fit for 适合；胜任
be fit to do 适合做……
fit in/into... 安排时间做某事/见某人；有足够的空间
【精品例句】
His experience fitted him for/to the job.
他的经验使他胜任这项工作
The water in this pool is fit to drink.
这池子里的水适合饮用
I think I’m fit for the job.
我认为我适合这项工作
I wondered how I would ever fit in with my teenage friends.
我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子
George doesn't really fit in with the rest of his group. He's too unconventional.
乔治和他的小组其他人相处得不太好。他太与众不同了。
【高考链接】
Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to fit ____ , so he left (山东课改卷) (in)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
What kind of job is he fit ______ (for)
She is not fit ______ (look) after children. (to look)
10. reward n．回报；奖励；报酬vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
【原句再现】
Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough. (教材P62)
【词块积累】
as a reward for…. 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of ….为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励
in reward＝in return 作为回报/报答
reward sb. for sth. 为某事而以……报答某人
【精品例句】
The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!
这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！
She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。
We should reward them generously for a hard day's work.
他们辛苦了一天，得好好酬劳一下。
【高考链接】
The old man gave the little boy a doll as a reward for his help. ______ reward，the boy gave him a hug. (青海卷) (In)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He was given a medal as a reward _______ his service. (for)
His effort was rewarded ______ remarkable success. (with)
11. distinguish v．区别；辨别；表现突出
【原句再现】
Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometers per hour. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
distinguish between... 辨别……；区分……
distinguish ...from... 辨别……与……；使……有别于……
distinguish oneself (by doing sth.) (因……)表现突出
be distinguished for …..因……而出名
distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的
【精品例句】
At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
What was it that distinguished her from her classmates
是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？
She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作为运动员她已享有盛名。
【高考链接】
He was one of Australia's most ________ (distinguish) artists, renowned for his portraits and landscapes. (江苏卷) (distinguished)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
People who cannot distinguish ______ colors are said to be color blind. (between)
He has talents by which he might distinguish ________ (him). (himself)
12. adapt to…适合，适应
【原句再现】
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbors. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
adapt vt&vi. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写
adapt sth. from sth.根据……改编……
be adapted from ….由…改编而来
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt oneself to sth./doing sth.…. 使自己适应
adapt...for/into... 将……改编为……
adaptation n. 适应；改编，改编的作品
adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
【精品例句】
I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city.
我难以适应城市生活
All animals have to adapt to their environment.
所有动物必须适应环境
This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
这部新电影是根据简.奥斯汀的一部小说改编的
Three of the novels have been adapted for television.
他有三部小说已被改编成了电视剧
【高考链接】
The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environment.（浙江卷）
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He can’t adapt himself to ______ (do) this kind of work. (doing)
13. appreciate vt. 欣赏/赏识；重视；感激/感谢；领会/理解；vi.增值
【原句再现】
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbors. (教材P63)
【词块积累】
appreciate＋n./pron./v. ing重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate the significance/value of sth. 理解某事的重要性/意义
appreciate + that/wh-从句 意识到/理解/明白某事
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；鉴赏
have a deep appreciation of literature 对文学有很高的鉴赏力
express one's appreciation to sb. for sth.表达因某事对某人的感激之情
【精品例句】
I really appreciate your handwriting.
你字写得真好
His talents aren't appreciated by his boss, which makes him depressed.
他的才干不为老板赏识，这使得他很沮丧
I appreciate your help very much and what you have done means something to me.
非常感谢你的帮助， 你所做的对我来说意义非凡
I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.
我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problem.
有任何问题请告诉我们，我们将不胜感激
I'd appreciate it if I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑的话，我将不胜感激
We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill.
我们没有充分意识到他病得很严重
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what my parents had done for me. 我用了很长时间才完全理解父母为我所做的一切
Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us.
非常感谢你为我们所做的一切，请收下这件礼物
I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.
我向所有人表示诚挚的感谢!
【高考链接】
Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China. (北京课改卷)
A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I really appreciate ______ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
We appreciate your (help) us. (helping)
I would appreciate ___ if you would send me the postcard as soon as possible. (it)
Our house (appreciate) by 50% in the last two years. (has appreciated)
14. respond vt&vi. 回答；响应，有反应
【原句再现】
Temperatures are rising, and nations are failing to respond to it. (教材P67)
【词块积累】
response n. 回答，反应
a quick response 迅速的答复
make no response to the question 没有对提问作答
bring/produce response 引起/产生反响
in response to…作为对….回答/反应
respond to a letter 回信
respond with a smile 报以微信
【精品例句】
When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. 当被问到公司的未来是时，经理回答说他依然乐观
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应
The government acted in response to economic pressure.
政府为应对经济压力采取了行动
The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。
His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。
The changes are in response to demand from our customers.
这些变化是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。
【高考链接】
The officials should respond _____ the doubt of all the villagers. (江西课改卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We made a quick response ______ these concerns. (to)
●本单元其它重要词组
15. in one’s way 挡道；当着…的去路
Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way. (教材)
Can I move the books They’re in my way.
16. out of reach 够不到；达不到；无法触及
Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives. (教材)
Keep her food out of reach when you’re not home.
17. crash into…. 闯入….；撞到….上
Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometers per hour. (教材)
The car crashed into a trees.
●句型点拨
only + 状语位于句首，句子倒装
【原句再现】
Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. (教材P63)
句式分析：句中only修饰时间状语then，置于句首，句子用部分倒装，把情态动词can（助动词、be动词）提前。
【能力拓展】
※ only后接作副词状语放句首时、句子要倒装
※ only后接介词短语作状语放句首时、句子要倒装
※ only后接状语从句放句首时，则主句要倒装。
※ 在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不用倒装，主句倒装。
※ only后跟的是主语，句子不用倒装。
【精品例句】
Only in this way can we learn English.
只有这样我们才能学会英语。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
直到1918年战争结束时，他才能重新开始工作。
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.
他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。
【高考链接】
Only then ________ they realize that going to college was important for their future. (陕西卷) (did)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Only after a bitter struggle _______ their aim achieved, so they were very happy. (was)
when his father arrived in a hurry, _______ the boy helped (help) out only. (was)
●倒装（详见语法课件）
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