外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit6 Survival 易混易错点辨析素材

【名师原创】：Unit6 易混易错点辨析
●happen; occur; take place
【教材原句】
The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town. (教材P62)
【辨析】
三者都有“发生”的意思，都是不及物动词，都没有被动语态，但是有一定区别。
take place 一般表示有准备或按计划安排要发生的事情，也可以表示“举行，举办”会议，运动会等
happen 和occur一样 可以表示事情意外或偶然地发生，这种情况下两者常可换用；happen 常构成以下结构：
① sth. happen to sb./sth. 某人发生某事/某物怎么了
② sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
③ it happened + that 从句 碰巧……
④ there happen to be …… 碰巧有…..
occur 除了表示意外或偶然发生某事外，也表示“想起，突然想起”，常构成以下结构：
① sth. occur to sb. 某人想起（突然想起）某事
② it occur to sb. to do sth. 某人想起（突然想起）做某事
③ it occur to sb. + that 从句 某人想起（突然想起）某事
【例句呈现】
What happened to your truck
你的卡车怎么样了
There happened to be some people there then.
那时，碰巧有一些人在那里。
It never occurred to her to ask anyone.
她从未想到去问问别人。
It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.
我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。
Didn't it occur to you that he was lying
你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？
How did the accident happen/occur
事故是怎样发生的
That plane crash occurred/happened only minutes after take-off.
空难在起飞几分钟后就发生了。
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.
她希望不会有什么不幸的事发生在他头上。
Olympic Games take place every four years in the world.
奥运会每四年（每隔三年）举行一次。
Great changes have taken place in our country during the past forty years.
过去四十年里，我们的国家发生了巨大变化。
【考点过关】
用happen, occur 和take place的适当形式填空
1. Elections ________ every five years in the country now.
2. It _______ to me that going to Switzerland for traveling will be marvelous!
3. Great changes ________ here since last year.
4. It never _________ to me that he might be in trouble.
5. The severe car accident ________ in the street half an hour ago.
6. What has ________
7. A good idea __________ to them that day.
8. The meeting will ________ next week.
9. It ________ to me to visit my teacher.
10. It didn't _______ to him that she would refuse his invitation.
【参考答案】
1. take place; 2. occurs; 3. have taken place; 4. occurred; 5. happened/occurred; 6. has happened/has occurred; 7. occurred; 8. will take place; 9. occurred; 10. occur
●no matter how…; however…
【教材原句】
No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him. (教材P62)
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbors. (教材P63)
【辨析】
两者都有“无论怎样，不管怎样” 的意思，意思基本一致，但用法稍有区别。
no matter how… 只能引导让步状语从句，此时可以和whenever互换。
however…. 既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。
温馨提示：whatever/no matter what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; whenever/no matter when的用法与however/no matter how的用法基本相同。
【例句呈现】
However/no matter how you look at it, it's going to cost a lot.
不管你怎么看，它都要花很多钱。
She has the window open, however/no matter how cold it is outside.
不管外面多冷她都开着窗户。
However go there is a matter.
无论如何去那里都是个问题。
Whenever/no matter when you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
无论何时你搬到一个新的地方, 你都应该找到火警报警站和离你房间最近的两个出口。
Whenever they go abroad depends on the passports.
不管他们什么时候出国，都要取决于签证。
He hired himself out to whoever needed his services.
他以前从事临时服务业。
Come out of there, whoever/no matter how you are.
不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。
A media circus surrounded the royal couple wherever/no matter where they went.
无论王室夫妇走到何处，他们的身后都会跟着一大群媒体记者。
Wherever he goes is unimportant.
不管他去哪里都不重要。
Whatever/no matter what system you choose, it must be run in properly.
不管你选择什么样的体系，都必须经过适当的磨合。
The United States will do whatever it can to help Greece
美国将竭尽所能帮助希腊。
The situation is an awkward one, whichever/no matter which way you look at it.
无论从哪一方面看，这个局面都很尴尬。
Whichever/no matter which they choose, we must accept their decision.
无论他们如何选择，我们都必须接受他们的决定。
Just be sure to be aware of the safety regulations in whichever country you happen to be buying your eggs in.
你只需要留意你要买鸡蛋的那个国家的食品安全规定就行。
【考点过关】
用whenever/no matter when; whatever/no mater what; wherever/no matter where; whichever/no matter which; whoever/no matter who; however/no matter how填空
1. ________ you come here, please call me first.
2. I don't care _______ they will come from.
3. _______ he has put these books is unimportant.
4. ________ a problem arrives, do three things – face it, fight it and finish it.
5. _______ you start, it is important that you do not stop after starting.
6. _______ happens, I'll always be there for you.
7. _______ goes there, we’ll agree.
8. ______ they are, they will be helpful.
9. _______ you do, try your best.
10. We'll try our best to do _______ is right.
11. _______ is worth doing is worth doing well.
12. ________ wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I'm busy.
13. _______ does best will get the prize.
14. _______ they select, we will disagree.
【参考答案】
1. No matter when/Whenever; 2. wherever; 3. Wherever; 4. Whenever/No matter when; 5. No matter when/how/Whenever/However; 6. No matter what/Whatever; 7. Whoever/No matter who; 8. Wherever/No matter where; 9. Whatever/No matter what; 10. whatever; 11. Whatever; 12. Whoever/ No matter who; 13. Whoever; 14. No matter which/Whichever
●die from; die of
【教材原句】
Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. (教材P63)
【辨析】
两者都是“死于…., 因….而死”的意思，当宾语是具体的病名或illness/sickness/disease时，可以换用，但在其它意义上有一定的区别。
die from强调因受伤、劳累、身体虚弱、不良生活习惯、自然灾害和意外事故等造成的死亡, 外因居多。
die of 强调因疾病、饥渴，寒冷，年老和各种情感因素造成的死亡，内因居多。
【例句呈现】
400 people a year die of/from this disease on average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Millions could die of hunger as an indirect result of the war
作为战争的间接后果，数百万人可能会死于饥饿。
Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of/from cancer.
现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
He said six million children die of hunger every year.
他说，每年大约600万儿童死于饥饿。
In Britain today, one in three men will die of/from heart disease.
在如今的英国三分之一的人死于心脏
Fine, die of thirst that'll really show me.
好，渴死的时候再来向我要.
They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of/from cancer.
她们患癌症的死亡率也要高23%。
Many people die of starvation during famines every year.
每年发生饥荒时都有许多人饿死。
People do not die of colds.
哪有伤风感冒就会送命的。
Freda Bright says, "Only in opera do people die of love."
弗雷德·布莱特说过，“只有在歌剧中，人们才会为爱而死。”
It's reported that thousands of people die from illegal driving each year.
据报道,每年有数千人死于非法驾驶。
I think we'd die from hypothermia or exposure to the elements first.
我认为我们会首先死于体温过低或曝晒。
He says there is a real danger that more people could die from the economic impact of COVID-19 than from the virus itself.
他表示，会有更多的人死于新冠病毒疫情造成的经济危机，甚于疫情本身，这是一种现实危险。
The CDC estimates that about one in five people who die from drowning are under age 14.
美国国家疾病防疫中心声称，死于溺水的人有五分之一是14岁以下的儿童。
One third of the world's cigarettes are smoked in China, where over one million people die from smoking every year.
中国占据全球香烟的三分之一，每年因吸烟死亡的人数超过了100万人。
【考点过关】
用die from, die of的适当形式填空
1. The old man _______ lung cancer last year.
2. The couple and their son _______ AIDS yesterday.
3. The problem is that 10, 000 people _______ diseases every week caused by smoking.
4. Around fifty people _______ hunger every day in the big city.
5. Her father and her brothers would _______ shame
6. Some children in the countryside in India _______ cold and starvation.
7. Every year there are some young people _______ disappointed love in the country.
8. The woman _______ laughter and excitement several months.
9. Alice _______ sorrow and boredom last week.
10. Tom’s grandfather ________ smoking last night.
11. The brave soldier _______ a chest wound.
12. Many people ________ drinking too much wine every year.
13. The peasant _______ died from overwork in the factory the day before yesterday.
14. Those old men in the village _______ died from weakness.
15. Nowadays more and more young people ______ die from heart illness.
16. The boy ______died from a car accident three days ago.
【参考答案】
1. died of/from; 2. died of/from; 3. die of/from; 4. die of; 5. die of; 6. die of; 7. dying of; 8. died of; 9. died of; 10. died from; 11. died from; 12. die from; 13. died from; 14. died from; 15. die from; 16. died from
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbors. (教材P63)
The green lizards adapted quickly over a relatively short time of 15 years and now they have bigger pads on their toes and stickier scales to help them stay high in the trees-and well away from their troublesome neighbors! (教材P72)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●remain; stay
【教材原句】
He published Robinson Crusoe in 1719 at the age of 59. Today, it remains one of the most famous tales of survival ever told. (教材P66)
【辨析】
两者都有“（系动词）保持，仍然是；停留”的意思，这时两者可以换用，但其它意义和用法有区别。
remain 意思是“保持，仍然是；遗留，剩下；停留，逗留；留待，尚待”，常构成以下结构：
①remain + adj. = stay + adj. 保持….
②remain + n = stay + n 仍然是…..
③remain + prep. + 地点 = stay + prep. + 地点 待在某地，但是，可以说stay (at) home，不能说remain at home, 只能用remain home，去掉at, 两词组可换用。
④sth. remain to be done 某事尚待做
⑤it remain to be seen + wh-从句 …..有待观察/看/尚待定论
⑥there remains ….尚有…..
remain 可以做名词，意思是“遗迹，残留物”
stay 意思是“保持，仍然是；停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”，常构成以下结构：
①stay for dinner 留下来吃饭
②stay at home 待在家里
③stay at/in a hotel 住旅馆
④stay the night = stay overnight = stay over 过夜
⑤stay away 走开，不打扰
⑥stay in = stay (at) home待在家里，不外出
⑦stay on 留下来继续（工作，学习）
⑧stay out 待在户外，不回家
⑨stay out of…. 避开，远离，不介入
⑩stay up 熬夜
stay 也可以作名词，表示“停留，暂住”等。
【例句呈现】
Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years.
虽然过了两百年，这房子的大部分还保持完好。
The temperature remained constant while pressure was a variable in the experiment.
做这实验时温度保持不变，但压力可变。
It remains to be seen whether his project will fly.
他的计划能否成功尚需拭目以待。
The disease often remains undetected for many years.
这种疾病经常潜伏多年而不被察觉。
There remains the problem of finance.
财政问题仍然存在。
It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.
这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。
We went on to Paris and stayed/remained there eleven days.
我们接着去了巴黎，在那里停留了十一天。
We stayed/remained in a village where time has stood still.
我们待在一个时间似乎凝滞了的村子里。
She stayed at home, afraid to show her face.
她待在家里，不敢露面。
We stayed up all night, setting the world to rights.
我们一夜没睡，谈论着如何拯救世界。
I want you to stay away from my daughter.
我要你离我女儿远远的。
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待得很晚。
【考点过关】
用remain, stay的适当形式填空
1. She _______ home while the children were young.
2. I went to Ningxia and _______ there for one year.
3. We promised ________ friends for ever.
4. We must ________ competitive in the competitive society.
5. I ________ on the job for five months when they left.
6. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _______ away.
7. You should leave those naughty boys _______ out of trouble.
8. Last month, Tom wrote two articles during his short _______ in hospital.
9. So far many of his songs _______ popular.
10. We were told ________ in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened.
11. I never see what has been done; I only see what_______ to be done.
12. It ________ to be seen whether you are right.
13. There ________ one significant problem now.
14. Please _______ calm when you meet with some difficulties.
15. You should ________ quiet when someone is making a speech.
【参考答案】
1. stayed/remained; 2. stayed/remained; 3. to stay/remain; 4. stay/remain; 5. Stayed; 6. to stay; 7. to stay; 8. stay; 9. have remained/stayed; 10. to remain/stay; 11. remains; 12. remains; 13. remains; 14. remain/stay; 15. stay/remain
●alive；living；live
【教材原句】
Stay alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. (教材P69)
【辨析】
三者都有表示“活着的”的意思，但用法有区别：
alive 意思是“活着的” ，与dead 相对，强调生死界限，可作表语和宾语补足语，作定语时只能作后置定语放在被修饰的名词后面。用于说明人或动植物。
living 意思是“活着的，健在的, 逼真的，有生命的，活生生的”，可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如果在句中位置合适，有时可与alive换用。但living强调“健在，尚在人间”，“当代的”。作“活生生的”讲时，用living；作名词时，意思是“生活，生计”，常构成以下结构：make a living = earn a living; make one’s living = earn one’s living 谋生。
live 意思是“活的；现场直播的”，只作前置定语，主要用于动物、植物，不用于人。
【例句呈现】
The children made their living in the mountain by digging some wild vegetables.
这些孩子在大山里靠挖野菜卫生。
Physiology is the study of how living things work.
生理学是研究生物功能的学科。
They're working against time to try and get people out of the rubble alive.
他们正在争分夺秒工作，设法把人们从瓦砾中活着救出来。
What chance is there of anybody being found alive
找到生还者的希望有多大？
The poor child looks more dead than alive.
这孩子看上去半死不活的，真可怜。
Doctors kept the baby alive for six weeks.
医生使婴儿活了六周
If it weren’t for you, I wouldn’t be alive today.
如果不是你，我今天不会还活着。
We saw a real live rattlesnake!
我们看见了一条活生生的响尾蛇！
It was the first interview I’d done in front of a live audience.
那是我首次在观众面前做现场采访。
Live coverage of the World Cup is going on now.
世界杯赛的实况转播正在进行。
They found some live animals in the forest.
他们在森林里发现了大量活着的动物。
In the hospital the number of live births is about 99%.
这家医院活产婴儿的数量占99%。
【考点过关】
用alive, living和live填空。
1. He was the greatest ________ novelist in England.
2. The wilderness is a ________ museum of natural history.
3. Both plants and animals are ________ things.
4. My first English teacher is still ________.
5. English is a _______ language.
6. He is the greatest scientist _______.
7. Are your grandparents still _______
8. In the car accident the mother was killed, but her two-year-old son was found _______.
9. He bought some _________ fish.
10. Only a few ________ trees were left after the fire.
11. There is little hope that they will be found ________.
12. We don’t know whether he's ________ or dead.
13. There is still a remote chance that they will find her _______.
14. She’s _______ —her heart is still beating.
15. The old man made a ________ by selling newspaper.
【参考答案】
1. living; 2. living; 3. living; 4. alive/living; 5. living; 6. alive; 7. alive/living; 8. alive; 9. live; 10. live; 11. alive; 12. alive/living; 13. alive; 14. alive/living; 15. living
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