中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
重难点02 语法填空解题技巧（二）
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 备考之道
设关键词 形容词/副词 比较级 准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级变形风格
最高级
动词 时态 了解各种时态的标志词以及特征
语态 判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用
不定式 掌握加to do以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态
动名词
分词
不设关键词 冠词 定冠词，不定冠词 准确判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法
代词 人称物主代词 注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应
不定代词
反身单词
情态动词 动词的意义 注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
连接词 定语从句 熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
助动词 倒装句 常考助动词do/does/did
注意：在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，
如：not…until…； not only…but (also)…； so…that…； not…but…； as…as…； either…or…；
more…than…； neither…nor…； such…that…； hardly…when…； no sooner…than…等。
非谓语考点解题技巧讲解
（一）非谓语动词的解题步骤：（谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态）
1. 辨别谓语和非谓语
分析句子结构，区别谓语动词与非谓语动词
例题1：We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker, when he was young, ____33____ (treat) his father.
解析：此题的正确答案为treated。但较让学生迷惑的是此处到底考查的是谓语动词，还是非谓语动词呢？需分析句子成分。主语：The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden；谓语动词expresses；宾语the speaker’s regret；the way作over后的介词宾语，但the way后跟了一个定语从句，省略了关系词that，从句中的主语为the speaker，显然此处需填谓语动词形式，又由when he was young，知需过去形式。
例题2：Beware first-class travelers! Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in an event of a crash, an extraordinary and costly aviation（航空，飞行）experiment ever (33) ______ (conduct) has revealed.
解析：此题的正确答案为conducted。分析句子成分知主语为an extraordinary and costly aviation experiment；谓语动词为has revealed，又无并列连词，不是并列谓语，所以需填非谓语形式，分析知其逻辑主语为experiment，与之为被动关系，所以需过去分词形式做定语。
2. 寻找逻辑主语
找到非谓语动词的修饰对象或逻辑主语
3. 分析语态
非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系
根据现在分词表“主动，进行”；过去分词表“被动，完成”；动词不定式一般表目的或意料之外的结果，作定语时往往表“将来的动作”进行进一步的分析。
例题1：The man sticks out his hand, (30)_____ (say), “Hi, I’m Paul.”
解析：此题的正确答案为saying。分析句子成分知主语为The man；谓语动词为sticks out，又动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以需doing的形式做伴随状语。
例题2：Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man___33_____(name)Joseph Merlin.
解析：此题的正确答案为named。分析知动作的逻辑主语为a man，被叫做Joseph Merlin，所以需动词的过去分词做定语，表被动。
例题3：The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ___28___ (protect) my face from the smoke and heat.
解析：此题的正确答案为to protect。理解句子含义知“我捡起那包衣服，目的是为了用来防止我的脸受烟和热的侵害”，表目的，所以需要to do形式做目的状语。
4. 分析时态
即分析非谓语动词的动作和主句谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序。在表主动的时候，非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生，用having done，同时发生用doing；在表被动的时候，非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生，用having been done，同时发生用being done。
例题1：They both worked very hard for years. ____25____ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighborhood.
解析：此题的正确答案为Having earned。分析句子含义之“赚了很多钱之后，他们最终搬到了一个有7个卧室的房子里”，所需非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，所以需having done的形式。
非谓语动词的解题技巧：
技巧1：做主语时，通常用doing/being done形式表示习惯或一般性动作。to do形式也可作主语，有将来的含义，考查较少；做宾语时，通常用doing/being done表习惯性或一般情况，用to do/to be done表将来或具体情况，用having done/having been done表已经发生。当然也要多去积累一些常考的接doing 和to do形式做宾语的固定搭配。
例1：I like to see the smiles on their faces, so (32) (say) “thank you” every day is the way I make the world a better place.
解析：此题的正确答案为saying。分析句子句子成分可知so后的从句中缺少主语，所以需doing的形式表一般性的动作。
例2：I imagined (26) (sign) by some famous model companies．
解析：此题的正确答案为being signed。由imagine用法可知，后需doing的形式，又理解句子含义，想象被一些著名的模特公司签订，所以需being done的形式。
例3：I hated dinner parties. But I decided (25)__________ (give) them another try because I’m in London.
解析：此题的正确答案为to give。由decide用法可知，后需to do的形式做宾语。
技巧2：作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。
例1：And now comes evidence showing that 11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than 10-year-olds, since 11 is the average age at which children receive their first mobile phone, six times more likely (30) _____ (send) a text when it happens.
解析：此题的正确答案为to be sending。因在形容词likely后作状语，根据be likely to do用法，要用动词不定式，又由句子含义知当事故发生的时候孩子们更可能正在发信息。
例2：However wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready (39)______(help).
解析：此题的正确答案为to help。根据be ready to do 可知需不定式形式。
技巧3：分词做伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等，要分析它与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系，做后置定语也要分析它与被修饰词之间的主被动关系。
例1：A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information 28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.
解析：此题的正确答案为delivered。分析知此处需要分词形式做information的定语，“信息被传送”，所以需动词的过去分词形式做后置定语。
例2：They played outside, (36) (build) weapons and forts (堡垒).
解析：此题的正确答案为building。分析知此句的主语为they，谓语动词为played，非谓语动作与逻辑主语为主动，表伴随，所以需doing的形式。
技巧4：表由于某种原因而导致的必然的结果，通常用doing的形式做结果状语。
例1：Then I slid off the road, (40)__________ (hit) a wooden fence post.
解析：此题的正确答案为hitting。分析句子含义“我滑出马路，导致的结果是撞在了木护栏上”，所以用doing形式表结果状语。
注：不定式的形式也可以做结果状语，但通常有以下几种搭配：
相当于so--that引导的结果状语从句，常见句型：
否定：too--to，“太......而不能”
肯定：enough to；“足够......可以”
表示意料之外，事与愿违情绪：only to...（不定式要放在句子后面） 例如：
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
技巧5：注意一些常考的关于非谓语的固定搭配。
1.一些只能接动名词形式作宾语的固定搭配：
suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）
finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）
give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）
insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）
pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）
keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）
be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）
2.常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
allow, permit, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, advise, tell, persuade
注意区分：
allow/ permit/ advise + sb.+ to do sth.
allow/ permit/ advise+ doing sth.
3.注意感官动词的用法：
see, watch, notice, observe, look at（五看）；
listen to，hear（两听）feel（一感）+sb. + do sth.(动作全过程或经常的)
+ doing sth.(正在进行的动作)
4.积累几个常考句型：
(1) It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish +doing：
(2) need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done
(3) be worth doing 值得做…
be worthy ① to be done
② of being done
(4) There is +no point+(in) doing
(5) have trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.
A
（2022·黑龙江大庆·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever dreamed of flying to school like Harry Potter Of course, you’re probably not a ____1____ (magic). But Speeder could make your dream ____2____ (come) true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle（摩托车）. ____3____ US company made it. The company calls it the world’s ____4____ (one) flying motorcycle.
Speeder can take off and ____5____ (land) anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a ____6____ (high) of 4,500 meters in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder ____7____ (main) uses diesel fuel(柴油) to fly. The company will do more research on how ____8____ (use) clean energy to power Speeder in the future. Speeder riders must weigh ____9____ (little) than 109 kg. If a rider is too heavy, it will be hard ____10____ the motorcycle to take off.
【答案】
1．magician 2．come 3．A 4．first 5．land 6．height 7．mainly 8．to use 9．less 10．for
【分析】本文主要是介绍新发明Speeder——飞行摩托车的好处。
1．句意：当然，你可能不是魔术师。根据you’re及a可知，此处指魔术师，英文表达为magician，应填单数形式，故填magician。
2．句意：但Speeder可以让你的梦想成真。make sth do sth“使……做某事”，此空填省略to的动词不定式作宾补，故填come。
3．句意：一家美国公司制作了它。此处表示“一家美国公司”，表泛指，且US是以辅音音素开头的，故填A。
4．句意：该公司称其为世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。根据“the world’s”可知是世界上第一辆，空格处应用序数词，one的序数词是first，故填first。
5．句意：飞车可以在任何地方起飞和降落。情态动词can后接动词原形，故填land。
6．句意：它在4500米高空以每小时240公里的速度飞行。at a height of“以……的高度”，故填height。
7．句意：为了达到那个速度，Speeder主要利用柴油来飞行。根据“uses”可知空格处缺少副词，main的副词形式是mainly，故填mainly。
8．句意：该公司未来将对如何使用清洁能源为Speeder提供动力进行更多研究。疑问词how+动词不定式作宾补，故填to use。
9．句意：骑行者的体重必须低于109千克。根据“than”可知空格处应填little的比较级，即less，故填less。
10．句意：如果骑手太重，摩托车就很难起飞。固定句式：It will be+形容词+for sb+to do sth“对于某人来说，做某事将是……”，动词不定式作主语，故填for。
B
（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）
One morning, a butcher (屠夫) heard the doorbell and ____11____ (think) it must be a customer. But he was ____12____ (surprise) to see that a dog was coming into his shop. The dog had ＄10 and a note in its mouth. The butcher took the note and read it. It said, “10 pork chops (排骨) please.” So the butcher took ____13____ money and put a bag of chops in the dog’s mouth.
Then he ____14____ (quick) closed the shop because he decided to follow the dog. He found the dog was waiting for a green light. It looked both ways ____15____ (see) if it was safe, and then walked ____16____ the road. The dog went to a bus stop to wait for a bus. When a bus arrived, the dog ____17____ (one) walked to the front of the bus to check the number and then got on the bus.
After a while, the bus stopped and the dog got off. ____18____ the butcher followed it off. The dog ran up to a house and dropped the bag in front of the front door. It then began to beat ____19____ (it) head against the front door. After a little while, a big guy opened the door and start shouting at the dog. The butcher ran up and shouted at the guy. “What are you doing This dog is a genius (天才)!” The ____20____ (own) of the dog said: “Genius No way! I always tell him to take the keys when he goes to the stores. But he never listens to me.”
【答案】
thought 12．surprised 13．the 14．quickly 15．to see
16．across 17．first 18．Then 19．its 20．owner
【导语】本文主要讲述了一只天才小狗替主人买肉的故事。这只狗自己拿着钱去买排骨，然后又自己坐公共汽车回家，用头撞门来敲门。屠夫觉得这简直就是一只天才小狗，但是狗的主人却还埋怨小狗每次出门的时候都不带钥匙。
11．句意：一天早上，一个屠夫听到门铃响，以为是客人来了。根据heard可知，此空应填动词过去式，故填thought。
12．句意：但他惊讶地看到一只狗走进了他的商店。was后接形容词作表语，修饰人用以ed为结尾的形容词，故填surprised。
13．句意：于是屠夫拿了钱，把一袋排骨放进了狗的嘴里。根据“take…money”可知，此处表示特指，应用冠词the，故填the。
14．句意：然后他很快就关了店，因为他决定跟着狗。此空修饰动词closed，应填副词，故填quickly。
15．句意：它看了看两边，看看是否安全，然后穿过马路。根据“It looked both ways… if it was safe”可知，看两边的目的是为了确认是否安全，用动词不定式表目的，故填to see。
16．句意：它看了看两边，看看是否安全，然后穿过马路。根据“walked … the road”可知，此处用walk across表示“穿过”，故填across。
17．句意：当一辆公共汽车到站时，这只狗先走到车前查看车号，然后上了车。根据“walked to the front of the bus to check the number”及“then got on the bus”可知，先查看车号再上车，first“首先”，故填first。
18．句意：然后屠夫跟着它走了。根据“After a while, the bus stopped and the dog got off. ”及“the butcher followed it off”可知，此处指然后屠夫继续跟着它，故填Then。
19．句意：然后它开始用头去撞前门。此空修饰名词head，应填形容词性物主代词，故填its。
20．句意：狗的主人说……。根据“The…of the dog”可知，此处指狗的主人，owner“主人”，此空应填名词单数形式，故填owner。
C
（2022·山东烟台·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I knew that my father’s aunt, Betsey Trotwood, lived somewhere near Dover, so I decided to look for her.
I had to walk there and ____21____ journey took six long days. When I got to Dover, I asked a few people and they told me where ____22____ (go).
When Miss Betsey saw me, she shouted: “Go away! Don’t walk on my grass!”
“Please, madam,” I said bravely, “please, Aunt Betsey…”
“What!” she cried, looking at me ____23____ great surprise.
“Please, Aunt Betsey, I’m your nephew David Copperfield. You came on the night I was born and saw my dear mother. My life ____24____ (be) very miserable（悲惨的）since she died. My stepfather sent me to work in London and I hated it and ran away. Then someone stole my money and I had to walk.” I felt weak and suddenly fell to the ground.
My aunt picked me up and took me into her sitting room. While I ____25____ (eat), my aunt asked me a lot of questions. I was tired after the long day. Soon I fell asleep in a warm, ____26____ (comfort) bed.
Several days later my stepfather, Mr. Murdstone arrived. “David is a very bad boy, violent and lazy, maybe ____27____ (bad) boy in the world,” he said ____28____ (angry). “We found him a good job in London but he ran away. Now he must ____29____ (punish)!”
Aunt Betsey listened to him carefully and _____30_____ (reply), “I don’t believe a word you say. I know you’ve been cruel to this boy and his poor mother. I’ll look after David from now on. Now get out of here!”
【答案】
the 22．to go 23．in 24．has been 25．was eating
26．comfortable 27．the worst 28．angrily 29．be punished 30．replied
【导语】本文讲述了作者因受不了继父的虐待长途跋涉投奔姑婆的故事。
21．句意：我不得不步行去那里，旅程花了六天。journey为单数名词，此处指的是去寻找爸爸的姑妈Betsey的旅程，表特指用定冠词the。故填the。
22．句意：当我到达多佛时，我问了几个人，他们告诉我去哪里。tell sb sth意为“告诉某人某事”，ask后接“where+动词不定式”作宾语。动词go的不定式为to go。故填to go。
23．句意：“什么！”她喊道，惊讶地看着我。surprise在此为名词，其前用介词in构成介词短语in surprise意为“惊讶地”。故填in。
24．句意：自从她去世后，我的人生就非常悲惨。根据“since she died”可知主句应用现在完成时，其结构为：have / has+过去分词。主语My life为单数名词，助动词用has，be动词的过去分词为been。故填has been。
25．句意：在我吃东西的期间，我的姑婆问了我很多问题。根据谓语asked说明句子采用一般过去时，因此while引导的时间状语从句应采用过去进行时，其结构为：was / were+现在分词，从句主语为I，be动词为was，动词eat的现在分词为eating。故填was eating。
26．句意：很快，我就在一张温暖又舒适的床上睡着了。bed为名词，其前应用形容词修饰，comfort的形容词为comfortable，意为“舒适的”。故填comfortable。
27．句意：“大卫是一个非常坏的男孩，暴力、懒惰，也许是世界上最坏的男孩。”他愤怒地说。根据“violent, lazy”可知此处其继父在抱怨他不好的方面，此处应用bad的最高级worst，其前应用定冠词the来限定，修饰名词boy。故填the worst。
28．句意：“大卫是一个非常坏的男孩，暴力、懒惰，也许是世界上最坏的男孩。”他愤怒地说。said为动词，应用副词修饰，angry的副词为angrily。故填angrily。
29．句意：现在他必须受到惩罚！情态动词must后加动词原形。主语为he，与动词punish存在逻辑上的被动语态，其结构为：be+过去分词。动词punish的过去分词为punished。故填be punished。
30．句意：Betsey姑婆认真地听了他的话，回答说：“我一句都不相信你说的话。我知道你对这个男孩和他可怜的母亲很残忍。从现在起我会照顾大卫的。现在离开这里！”连词and连接两个并列谓语，根据“listened”可知此处应用动词reply的过去式replied。故填replied。
D
（2022·山东临沂·统考二模）
根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has to do the hard work. But he ___31___ (pay) less. He likes to watch football matches very much and spends much time on them.
One day, there was a big football match on the playground. He ___32___ (borrow) some money from his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of people there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was sorry for it. He saw a pole(杆子) outside the playground and climbed it quickly. While he ___33___ (watch) the match, a policeman came and said, “It is dangerous ___34___ (stay) on it! Come down!”
“Wait a minute, please!” Henry said and just at that moment, the policeman ___35___ (hear) cheers on the playground and asked in a hurry, “Which team has kicked a goal(射门) ” “Ours!” “Wonderful! I believe our team ___36___ (kick) another goal soon. You can stay there, but take care,” the policeman said happily and left. When the match would be soon over, he came back again and asked, “Who has won ” “Theirs, 3:2.” “Come down,” the policeman said angrily. “Such a match is not worth ___37___ (watch)!”
Henry had to come down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in a hurry, “Climb up quickly and see who kicked a goal.”
【答案】
31．is paid 32．borrowed 33．was watching
34．to stay 35．heard 36．will kick 37．watching
【导语】本文主要是讲述Henry因未买到票而爬上杆子看足球赛，从而与警察发生了一段有趣的对话。
31．句意：但他的工资却很少。根据“But he”和“less”可知是被付的薪水少，空格处应用pay的被动形式，即be paid，由“He has to do the hard work”可知原句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，be动词应用is，故填is paid。
32．句意：他从朋友那里借了一些钱，然后匆匆赶到那里。根据“One day”可知事情发生在过去，原句应为一般过去时，空格处应填borrow的过去式borrowed，故填borrowed。
33．句意：他在看比赛的时候。根据“While”可知原句应用进行时态，即be watching，由“a policeman came and said”可知从句是过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，空格处应填was watching，故填was watching。
34．句意：待在上面很危险！下来！it be+adj. to do sth.“做某事怎么样”，是固定表达，空格处应填动词不定式，即to stay，故填to stay。
35．句意：警察听到操场上的欢呼声，急忙问。根据“and asked”可知前后两个并列的短语时态应保持一致，即一般过去时，空格处应用hear的过去式heard，故填heard。
36．句意：我相信我们队很快就会再进一球。根据“I believe”和“soon”可知从句用一般将来时，空格处应填will kick，故填will kick。
37．句意：这样的比赛不值得看！be worth doing“值得做”，是固定搭配，空格处应填动名词形式，即watching，故填watching。
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重难点02 语法填空解题技巧（二）
2023年中考英语【热点 重点 难点】专练
出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 备考之道
设关键词 形容词/副词 比较级 准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级变形风格
最高级
动词 时态 了解各种时态的标志词以及特征
语态 判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用
不定式 掌握加to do以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态
动名词
分词
不设关键词 冠词 定冠词，不定冠词 准确判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法
代词 人称物主代词 注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应
不定代词
反身单词
情态动词 动词的意义 注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
连接词 定语从句 熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
助动词 倒装句 常考助动词do/does/did
注意：在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，
如：not…until…； not only…but (also)…； so…that…； not…but…； as…as…； either…or…；
more…than…； neither…nor…； such…that…； hardly…when…； no sooner…than…等。
非谓语考点解题技巧讲解
（一）非谓语动词的解题步骤：（谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态）
1. 辨别谓语和非谓语
分析句子结构，区别谓语动词与非谓语动词
例题1：We all hope to enjoy harmonious relationships with our parents. In real life, however, this is not always possible. The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden expresses the speaker’s regret over the way the speaker, when he was young, ____33____ (treat) his father.
解析：此题的正确答案为treated。但较让学生迷惑的是此处到底考查的是谓语动词，还是非谓语动词呢？需分析句子成分。主语：The poem “Those Winter Sundays” by Robert Hayden；谓语动词expresses；宾语the speaker’s regret；the way作over后的介词宾语，但the way后跟了一个定语从句，省略了关系词that，从句中的主语为the speaker，显然此处需填谓语动词形式，又由when he was young，知需过去形式。
例题2：Beware first-class travelers! Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in an event of a crash, an extraordinary and costly aviation（航空，飞行）experiment ever (33) ______ (conduct) has revealed.
解析：此题的正确答案为conducted。分析句子成分知主语为an extraordinary and costly aviation experiment；谓语动词为has revealed，又无并列连词，不是并列谓语，所以需填非谓语形式，分析知其逻辑主语为experiment，与之为被动关系，所以需过去分词形式做定语。
2. 寻找逻辑主语
找到非谓语动词的修饰对象或逻辑主语
3. 分析语态
非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系
根据现在分词表“主动，进行”；过去分词表“被动，完成”；动词不定式一般表目的或意料之外的结果，作定语时往往表“将来的动作”进行进一步的分析。
例题1：The man sticks out his hand, (30)_____ (say), “Hi, I’m Paul.”
解析：此题的正确答案为saying。分析句子成分知主语为The man；谓语动词为sticks out，又动作与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以需doing的形式做伴随状语。
例题2：Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man___33_____(name)Joseph Merlin.
解析：此题的正确答案为named。分析知动作的逻辑主语为a man，被叫做Joseph Merlin，所以需动词的过去分词做定语，表被动。
例题3：The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ___28___ (protect) my face from the smoke and heat.
解析：此题的正确答案为to protect。理解句子含义知“我捡起那包衣服，目的是为了用来防止我的脸受烟和热的侵害”，表目的，所以需要to do形式做目的状语。
4. 分析时态
即分析非谓语动词的动作和主句谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序。在表主动的时候，非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生，用having done，同时发生用doing；在表被动的时候，非谓语动词的动作先于主句动作发生，用having been done，同时发生用being done。
例题1：They both worked very hard for years. ____25____ (earn) enough money, they finally could move from their two-bedroom home to a seven-bedroom home in a rich neighborhood.
解析：此题的正确答案为Having earned。分析句子含义之“赚了很多钱之后，他们最终搬到了一个有7个卧室的房子里”，所需非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，所以需having done的形式。
非谓语动词的解题技巧：
技巧1：做主语时，通常用doing/being done形式表示习惯或一般性动作。to do形式也可作主语，有将来的含义，考查较少；做宾语时，通常用doing/being done表习惯性或一般情况，用to do/to be done表将来或具体情况，用having done/having been done表已经发生。当然也要多去积累一些常考的接doing 和to do形式做宾语的固定搭配。
例1：I like to see the smiles on their faces, so (32) (say) “thank you” every day is the way I make the world a better place.
解析：此题的正确答案为saying。分析句子句子成分可知so后的从句中缺少主语，所以需doing的形式表一般性的动作。
例2：I imagined (26) (sign) by some famous model companies．
解析：此题的正确答案为being signed。由imagine用法可知，后需doing的形式，又理解句子含义，想象被一些著名的模特公司签订，所以需being done的形式。
例3：I hated dinner parties. But I decided (25)__________ (give) them another try because I’m in London.
解析：此题的正确答案为to give。由decide用法可知，后需to do的形式做宾语。
技巧2：作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。
例1：And now comes evidence showing that 11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than 10-year-olds, since 11 is the average age at which children receive their first mobile phone, six times more likely (30) _____ (send) a text when it happens.
解析：此题的正确答案为to be sending。因在形容词likely后作状语，根据be likely to do用法，要用动词不定式，又由句子含义知当事故发生的时候孩子们更可能正在发信息。
例2：However wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready (39)______(help).
解析：此题的正确答案为to help。根据be ready to do 可知需不定式形式。
技巧3：分词做伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等，要分析它与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系，做后置定语也要分析它与被修饰词之间的主被动关系。
例1：A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information 28 (deliver) to a group of your friends.
解析：此题的正确答案为delivered。分析知此处需要分词形式做information的定语，“信息被传送”，所以需动词的过去分词形式做后置定语。
例2：They played outside, (36) (build) weapons and forts (堡垒).
解析：此题的正确答案为building。分析知此句的主语为they，谓语动词为played，非谓语动作与逻辑主语为主动，表伴随，所以需doing的形式。
技巧4：表由于某种原因而导致的必然的结果，通常用doing的形式做结果状语。
例1：Then I slid off the road, (40)__________ (hit) a wooden fence post.
解析：此题的正确答案为hitting。分析句子含义“我滑出马路，导致的结果是撞在了木护栏上”，所以用doing形式表结果状语。
注：不定式的形式也可以做结果状语，但通常有以下几种搭配：
相当于so--that引导的结果状语从句，常见句型：
否定：too--to，“太......而不能”
肯定：enough to；“足够......可以”
表示意料之外，事与愿违情绪：only to...（不定式要放在句子后面） 例如：
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
技巧5：注意一些常考的关于非谓语的固定搭配。
1.一些只能接动名词形式作宾语的固定搭配：
suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）
finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）
give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）
insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）
pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）
keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）
be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）
2.常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
allow, permit, beg, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, advise, tell, persuade
注意区分：
allow/ permit/ advise + sb.+ to do sth.
allow/ permit/ advise+ doing sth.
3.注意感官动词的用法：
see, watch, notice, observe, look at（五看）；
listen to，hear（两听）feel（一感）+sb. + do sth.(动作全过程或经常的)
+ doing sth.(正在进行的动作)
4.积累几个常考句型：
(1) It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish +doing：
(2) need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done
(3) be worth doing 值得做…
be worthy ① to be done
② of being done
(4) There is +no point+(in) doing
(5) have trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.
A
（2022·黑龙江大庆·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever dreamed of flying to school like Harry Potter Of course, you’re probably not a ____1____ (magic). But Speeder could make your dream ____2____ (come) true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle（摩托车）. ____3____ US company made it. The company calls it the world’s ____4____ (one) flying motorcycle.
Speeder can take off and ____5____ (land) anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a ____6____ (high) of 4,500 meters in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder ____7____ (main) uses diesel fuel(柴油) to fly. The company will do more research on how ____8____ (use) clean energy to power Speeder in the future. Speeder riders must weigh ____9____ (little) than 109 kg. If a rider is too heavy, it will be hard ____10____ the motorcycle to take off.
B
（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）
One morning, a butcher (屠夫) heard the doorbell and ____11____ (think) it must be a customer. But he was ____12____ (surprise) to see that a dog was coming into his shop. The dog had ＄10 and a note in its mouth. The butcher took the note and read it. It said, “10 pork chops (排骨) please.” So the butcher took ____13____ money and put a bag of chops in the dog’s mouth.
Then he ____14____ (quick) closed the shop because he decided to follow the dog. He found the dog was waiting for a green light. It looked both ways ____15____ (see) if it was safe, and then walked ____16____ the road. The dog went to a bus stop to wait for a bus. When a bus arrived, the dog ____17____ (one) walked to the front of the bus to check the number and then got on the bus.
After a while, the bus stopped and the dog got off. ____18____ the butcher followed it off. The dog ran up to a house and dropped the bag in front of the front door. It then began to beat ____19____ (it) head against the front door. After a little while, a big guy opened the door and start shouting at the dog. The butcher ran up and shouted at the guy. “What are you doing This dog is a genius (天才)!” The ____20____ (own) of the dog said: “Genius No way! I always tell him to take the keys when he goes to the stores. But he never listens to me.”
C
（2022·山东烟台·统考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I knew that my father’s aunt, Betsey Trotwood, lived somewhere near Dover, so I decided to look for her.
I had to walk there and ____21____ journey took six long days. When I got to Dover, I asked a few people and they told me where ____22____ (go).
When Miss Betsey saw me, she shouted: “Go away! Don’t walk on my grass!”
“Please, madam,” I said bravely, “please, Aunt Betsey…”
“What!” she cried, looking at me ____23____ great surprise.
“Please, Aunt Betsey, I’m your nephew David Copperfield. You came on the night I was born and saw my dear mother. My life ____24____ (be) very miserable（悲惨的）since she died. My stepfather sent me to work in London and I hated it and ran away. Then someone stole my money and I had to walk.” I felt weak and suddenly fell to the ground.
My aunt picked me up and took me into her sitting room. While I ____25____ (eat), my aunt asked me a lot of questions. I was tired after the long day. Soon I fell asleep in a warm, ____26____ (comfort) bed.
Several days later my stepfather, Mr. Murdstone arrived. “David is a very bad boy, violent and lazy, maybe ____27____ (bad) boy in the world,” he said ____28____ (angry). “We found him a good job in London but he ran away. Now he must ____29____ (punish)!”
Aunt Betsey listened to him carefully and _____30_____ (reply), “I don’t believe a word you say. I know you’ve been cruel to this boy and his poor mother. I’ll look after David from now on. Now get out of here!”
D
（2022·山东临沂·统考二模）
根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has to do the hard work. But he ___31___ (pay) less. He likes to watch football matches very much and spends much time on them.
One day, there was a big football match on the playground. He ___32___ (borrow) some money from his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of people there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was sorry for it. He saw a pole(杆子) outside the playground and climbed it quickly. While he ___33___ (watch) the match, a policeman came and said, “It is dangerous ___34___ (stay) on it! Come down!”
“Wait a minute, please!” Henry said and just at that moment, the policeman ___35___ (hear) cheers on the playground and asked in a hurry, “Which team has kicked a goal(射门) ” “Ours!” “Wonderful! I believe our team ___36___ (kick) another goal soon. You can stay there, but take care,” the policeman said happily and left. When the match would be soon over, he came back again and asked, “Who has won ” “Theirs, 3:2.” “Come down,” the policeman said angrily. “Such a match is not worth ___37___ (watch)!”
Henry had to come down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in a hurry, “Climb up quickly and see who kicked a goal.”
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