外研版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit1 Face values 语法-精讲破（含解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit1 Face values 语法-精讲破（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-05 12:34:43 | ||
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Unit1 Face values
语法-精讲破
主语从句
在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词：that、whether；连接代词：who（whoever）、whom、whose、what（whatever）和 which（whichever）；连接副词：when where how和why等。
一、从属连词that、whether引导的主语从句
观察
①That he passed the exam made the teacher happy.
②Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.
归纳
1.that引导主语从句时没有 1 ，不充当 2 ，只起连接作用，但that不能 3 。
2.whether引导主语从句时，也不充当 4 ，不能省略，意为“ 5 ”，在句首时不能用 6 替换。
二、连接代词who（whoever）、whom、whose、what（whatever）和 which（whichever）引导的主语从句
观察
（1）What is needed for a long trip is full preparation.
（2）What I like most is your hairstyle.
（3）What China is now is different from what it used to be.
（4）Whatever you did is right.
（5）Who will be in charge of the company has not been known.
（6）Whom the watch belongs to is unknown.
（7）Whoever knows the secret mustn't tell others.
（8）Whose bag it is remains unknown.
（9）Which cash crop will be produced next year hasn’t been decided yet.
（10）Whichever team wins on Saturday will be through to the national championship.归纳
1.连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起 7 又在从句中充当 8 。
2.what在句①中作 9 、②中作 10 、③中作 11 。
whatever在句④中作 12 ，具有强调意味，相当于 anything that。
3.who在句⑤中作 13 ；whom在句⑥中作 14 ; whoever在句⑦中作 15 ，具有强调意味，相当于anyone who。
4.whose在句⑧中作 16 。
5.whih在句⑨中作 17 ；whichever在句⑩中作 18 ，具有强调意味，whichever team相当于 any team that.
三、连接副词when、where、how和why引导的主语从句
观察
①When he comes to my home hasn't been decided.
②Where you live can make some difference to feeling.
③How this machine works is hard to find.
④Why he chose to leave home is still a puzzle.
归纳
连接副词在句中起连接作用，在从句中作 19 。①中when作 20 ；②中 where作 21 ；③中how作 22 ；④中why作 23 。
四、It作形式主语的常见句型
观察
①It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.
②It is true that I made a mistake.
③It is suggested that we should take more exercise.
④It happened that he had to attend a meeting.
归纳
1.一般来说主语从句都是放在 24 ，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用②作 26 ，从而把主语从句放在后面。
2.it作形式主语的常见句型有以下几种：句①是“It is+ 27 +that…”；句②是“It is+ 28 +that…"；句③是“It is+ 28 +that..”；句④是“It+ 30 +that…”
五、主语从句应注意的几个问题
1.语序
观察
When will he come is not known. （×）
When he will come is not known. （√）
归纳
主语从句一律用 31 ，即主语在前，谓语在后。
2.谓语动词的单复数
观察
What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
归纳
主语从句作主语时，谓语动词常用 32 。
what引导的主语从句意义上表示复数时，谓语动词也用 33 。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.（2019课标全国I，阅读理解B，★★☆）Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. ______ you need is a great teacher who lets you make.
2.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D改编，★★☆）In this experiment what they’re doing _____ （be）paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
3.（2019江苏，阅读理解C改编，★★★）______ change is happening today is the result of great technological progress.
4.（2019浙江，阅读理解B，★★☆）_____ I can say for the folks that gave the most is that they were full of smiles.
5.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D改编，★★☆）It's more likely _____ none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging.
6.（2018浙江，阅读理解B，★★☆）_____ is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
7.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D，★★☆）It's possible _____ we all have compromised conversational intelligence.
8.（2017北京，23，★★☆）Every year，_____ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
9.（2017天津，阅读理解C，★★☆）_____ is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers consumers and lawyers.
10.（2017课标全国I，阅读理解C，★★☆）______ I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.
11.（2016江苏，21，★★☆）It is often the case _____ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
12.（2016北京，24，★★☆）Your support is important to our work. _____ you can
do helps.
13.（2016课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解C，★★☆）Members leave books on park benches and buses in train stations and coffee shops. _____ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
14.（★★☆）_____ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
15.（★★☆）_____ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public but some won't accept it.
16.（★☆☆）_____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
17.（★☆☆）______ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
18.（★★☆）Some people believe _____ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
19.（★★☆）Exactly _____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
20.(★★☆) I think _____ presses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
21.(★★☆) What struck me most in the movie _____ (be) the father's deep love for his son.
22.(★★☆) ______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
答案：
1.具体意思2.句子成分3.省略4.句子成分5.是否6.if 7.连接作用8.句子成分9.主语10.宾语11.表语12.宾语13.主语14.宾语15.主语16.定语17.定语18.定语19.状语20.时间状语21.地点状语22.方式状语23.原因状语24.句首25.it 26.形式主语27.名词28.形容词29.过去分词30.不及物动词31.陈述句语序32.单数形式33.复数形式
1.What句意：把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是种痛苦的经历。你所需要的是一个允许你犯错的好老师。分析句子结构可知，______ you need是主语从句，need缺少宾语，结合句意可知答案为What。
2.is句意：在这个实验中，它们所做的是集中更多的注意力到大数上而不是小数。分析句子结构可知what they’re doing是主语从句，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据语境可知用一般现在时，故答案为is。
3.Whatever句意：当今发生的任何变化都是伟大的技术进步的结果。分析句子结构可知change is happening today是主语从句，_____ change缺少定语，结合句意，答案为 Whatever。
4.What句意：对那些付出最多的人们，我能说的是他们充满了微笑。分析句子结构可知_____ I can say for the folks that gave the most是主语从句，say缺少宾语，结合句意用What。
5.that句意：更有可能的是，我们中没有人会一开始场对话，因为这是尴尬和有挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语。
6.What句意：甚至更有趣的是，Stein的其中一个工作就是保护塑料购物袋背后的行业。分析句子结构可知，_____ is even more interesting是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意可知答案为What。
7.that句意：我们都有可能已经违背了对话的智慧。分析句子结构可知It作形式主语，It is possible that…有可能……。
8.whoever句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。分析句子结构可知_____ makes the most beautiful kite是主语从句，缺少主语结合句意用 whoever。
9.Who句意：在汽车制造商、消费者和律师之间谁负责这种车辆的运营是不清楚的。分析句子结构可知，_____ is responsible for the operation of such vehicles是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用Who。
10.What句意：我所希望实现的是我这一代和更年轻的一代开始重新考虑并理解爵士乐不再是黑白的。分析句子结构可知，_____ I’m hoping to accomplish是主语从句，缺少宾语，结合句意用What。
11. that句意：对于那些不放弃希望的人来说，任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。本句中It为形式主语, _____ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope为真正的主语，故由that引导。
12.Whatever句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要，你做的任何事情都有帮助。分析句子结构可知______ you can do为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为 Whatever。
13.Whoever句意：会员们把书放在公园的长椅上、巴土上、火车站和咖啡店里。无论谁找到了他们的书都会到网站上记录他们在哪里找到的。分析句子结构可知
_____ finds their book是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用 Whoever。
14.How句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。分析句子结构可知_____ we understand things为主语从句，结合句意该从句中缺少方式状语，故用How。
15.Where句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。分析句子结构可知_____ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born为主语从句。该从句缺少地点状语，故答案为Where。
16.What句意：你在会上所说的描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知 _____ you said at the meeting是主语从句，said缺少宾语，所以答案为What。
17.What句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊重。分析句子结构可知
_____ I want to tell you是主语从句，tell缺少直接宾语，所以答案为What。
18.whatever句意：有些人认为无论以前发生过什么，或者现在正在发生什么，将来都会重演。分析句子结构可知，_____ has happened before or is happening now是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用whatever。
19.when句意：马铃薯被引进欧洲的确切时间还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe是主语从句，根据句意可知主句缺少时间状语，所以答案为when。
20.what句意：我认为他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知_____ impresses me about his painting是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用what。
21.was句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是主语从句 What struck me most in the movie，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据从句的谓语 struck可知答案为was。
22.What句意：使这本书如此非凡的是作者富有创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知_____ makes the book so extraordinary是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用What。
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语法-精讲破
主语从句
在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词有：从属连词：that、whether；连接代词：who（whoever）、whom、whose、what（whatever）和 which（whichever）；连接副词：when where how和why等。
一、从属连词that、whether引导的主语从句
观察
①That he passed the exam made the teacher happy.
②Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.
归纳
1.that引导主语从句时没有 1 ，不充当 2 ，只起连接作用，但that不能 3 。
2.whether引导主语从句时，也不充当 4 ，不能省略，意为“ 5 ”，在句首时不能用 6 替换。
二、连接代词who（whoever）、whom、whose、what（whatever）和 which（whichever）引导的主语从句
观察
（1）What is needed for a long trip is full preparation.
（2）What I like most is your hairstyle.
（3）What China is now is different from what it used to be.
（4）Whatever you did is right.
（5）Who will be in charge of the company has not been known.
（6）Whom the watch belongs to is unknown.
（7）Whoever knows the secret mustn't tell others.
（8）Whose bag it is remains unknown.
（9）Which cash crop will be produced next year hasn’t been decided yet.
（10）Whichever team wins on Saturday will be through to the national championship.归纳
1.连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起 7 又在从句中充当 8 。
2.what在句①中作 9 、②中作 10 、③中作 11 。
whatever在句④中作 12 ，具有强调意味，相当于 anything that。
3.who在句⑤中作 13 ；whom在句⑥中作 14 ; whoever在句⑦中作 15 ，具有强调意味，相当于anyone who。
4.whose在句⑧中作 16 。
5.whih在句⑨中作 17 ；whichever在句⑩中作 18 ，具有强调意味，whichever team相当于 any team that.
三、连接副词when、where、how和why引导的主语从句
观察
①When he comes to my home hasn't been decided.
②Where you live can make some difference to feeling.
③How this machine works is hard to find.
④Why he chose to leave home is still a puzzle.
归纳
连接副词在句中起连接作用，在从句中作 19 。①中when作 20 ；②中 where作 21 ；③中how作 22 ；④中why作 23 。
四、It作形式主语的常见句型
观察
①It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.
②It is true that I made a mistake.
③It is suggested that we should take more exercise.
④It happened that he had to attend a meeting.
归纳
1.一般来说主语从句都是放在 24 ，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用②作 26 ，从而把主语从句放在后面。
2.it作形式主语的常见句型有以下几种：句①是“It is+ 27 +that…”；句②是“It is+ 28 +that…"；句③是“It is+ 28 +that..”；句④是“It+ 30 +that…”
五、主语从句应注意的几个问题
1.语序
观察
When will he come is not known. （×）
When he will come is not known. （√）
归纳
主语从句一律用 31 ，即主语在前，谓语在后。
2.谓语动词的单复数
观察
What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
归纳
主语从句作主语时，谓语动词常用 32 。
what引导的主语从句意义上表示复数时，谓语动词也用 33 。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.（2019课标全国I，阅读理解B，★★☆）Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. ______ you need is a great teacher who lets you make.
2.（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D改编，★★☆）In this experiment what they’re doing _____ （be）paying more attention to the big number than the little one.
3.（2019江苏，阅读理解C改编，★★★）______ change is happening today is the result of great technological progress.
4.（2019浙江，阅读理解B，★★☆）_____ I can say for the folks that gave the most is that they were full of smiles.
5.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D改编，★★☆）It's more likely _____ none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging.
6.（2018浙江，阅读理解B，★★☆）_____ is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
7.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解D，★★☆）It's possible _____ we all have compromised conversational intelligence.
8.（2017北京，23，★★☆）Every year，_____ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
9.（2017天津，阅读理解C，★★☆）_____ is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers consumers and lawyers.
10.（2017课标全国I，阅读理解C，★★☆）______ I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.
11.（2016江苏，21，★★☆）It is often the case _____ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
12.（2016北京，24，★★☆）Your support is important to our work. _____ you can
do helps.
13.（2016课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解C，★★☆）Members leave books on park benches and buses in train stations and coffee shops. _____ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
14.（★★☆）_____ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
15.（★★☆）_____ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public but some won't accept it.
16.（★☆☆）_____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
17.（★☆☆）______ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
18.（★★☆）Some people believe _____ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
19.（★★☆）Exactly _____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
20.(★★☆) I think _____ presses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
21.(★★☆) What struck me most in the movie _____ (be) the father's deep love for his son.
22.(★★☆) ______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
答案：
1.具体意思2.句子成分3.省略4.句子成分5.是否6.if 7.连接作用8.句子成分9.主语10.宾语11.表语12.宾语13.主语14.宾语15.主语16.定语17.定语18.定语19.状语20.时间状语21.地点状语22.方式状语23.原因状语24.句首25.it 26.形式主语27.名词28.形容词29.过去分词30.不及物动词31.陈述句语序32.单数形式33.复数形式
1.What句意：把英语作为第二语言来学习可能是种痛苦的经历。你所需要的是一个允许你犯错的好老师。分析句子结构可知，______ you need是主语从句，need缺少宾语，结合句意可知答案为What。
2.is句意：在这个实验中，它们所做的是集中更多的注意力到大数上而不是小数。分析句子结构可知what they’re doing是主语从句，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据语境可知用一般现在时，故答案为is。
3.Whatever句意：当今发生的任何变化都是伟大的技术进步的结果。分析句子结构可知change is happening today是主语从句，_____ change缺少定语，结合句意，答案为 Whatever。
4.What句意：对那些付出最多的人们，我能说的是他们充满了微笑。分析句子结构可知_____ I can say for the folks that gave the most是主语从句，say缺少宾语，结合句意用What。
5.that句意：更有可能的是，我们中没有人会一开始场对话，因为这是尴尬和有挑战性的。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语。
6.What句意：甚至更有趣的是，Stein的其中一个工作就是保护塑料购物袋背后的行业。分析句子结构可知，_____ is even more interesting是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意可知答案为What。
7.that句意：我们都有可能已经违背了对话的智慧。分析句子结构可知It作形式主语，It is possible that…有可能……。
8.whoever句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。分析句子结构可知_____ makes the most beautiful kite是主语从句，缺少主语结合句意用 whoever。
9.Who句意：在汽车制造商、消费者和律师之间谁负责这种车辆的运营是不清楚的。分析句子结构可知，_____ is responsible for the operation of such vehicles是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用Who。
10.What句意：我所希望实现的是我这一代和更年轻的一代开始重新考虑并理解爵士乐不再是黑白的。分析句子结构可知，_____ I’m hoping to accomplish是主语从句，缺少宾语，结合句意用What。
11. that句意：对于那些不放弃希望的人来说，任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。本句中It为形式主语, _____ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope为真正的主语，故由that引导。
12.Whatever句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要，你做的任何事情都有帮助。分析句子结构可知______ you can do为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为 Whatever。
13.Whoever句意：会员们把书放在公园的长椅上、巴土上、火车站和咖啡店里。无论谁找到了他们的书都会到网站上记录他们在哪里找到的。分析句子结构可知
_____ finds their book是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用 Whoever。
14.How句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。分析句子结构可知_____ we understand things为主语从句，结合句意该从句中缺少方式状语，故用How。
15.Where句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。分析句子结构可知_____ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born为主语从句。该从句缺少地点状语，故答案为Where。
16.What句意：你在会上所说的描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知 _____ you said at the meeting是主语从句，said缺少宾语，所以答案为What。
17.What句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊重。分析句子结构可知
_____ I want to tell you是主语从句，tell缺少直接宾语，所以答案为What。
18.whatever句意：有些人认为无论以前发生过什么，或者现在正在发生什么，将来都会重演。分析句子结构可知，_____ has happened before or is happening now是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用whatever。
19.when句意：马铃薯被引进欧洲的确切时间还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe是主语从句，根据句意可知主句缺少时间状语，所以答案为when。
20.what句意：我认为他的画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知_____ impresses me about his painting是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用what。
21.was句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是主语从句 What struck me most in the movie，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，根据从句的谓语 struck可知答案为was。
22.What句意：使这本书如此非凡的是作者富有创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知_____ makes the book so extraordinary是主语从句，缺少主语，结合句意用What。
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