外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit11 Face values Starting out and Understanding ideas 同步课堂重点练（含解析）
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-05 13:05:34 | ||
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2020-2021学年高一英语十分钟同步课堂专练（外研版2019选择性必修第三册）
Unit 1 Face values
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
（重点练）
一、阅读理解
The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.
According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behaviors. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson's disease.
According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.
According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.
Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.
When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, "Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake."
（1）What is the people's attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1
A.Disapproving. B.Tolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Mixed.
（2）What does the underlined word "moderate" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Personal. B.Slight. C.Reasonable. D.Heavy.
（3）What can we infer about Harwood
A.He'll keep on drinking coffee.
B.He loves his high school life.
C.He often falls asleep in class.
D.He has some health problems.
（4）What would be the best title for the text
A.Why People Love Coffee
B.How Coffee Affects Health
C.The Culture of Coffee Drinking.
D.The New Findings of Heart Disease.
二、语法填空
A
Child health experts have said families and parents are worryingly unaware of the severe damage air pollution is doing to young people in the UK.
In a survey of leading health professionals, nine in 10 said air pollution ________(harm) children in their areas, and a similar rate (92%) said the public needed to be ________(well) informed about the issue.
"Children have a fundamental right ________(grow) up in clean and safe environment that gives them the best possible start in life. The persistent, illegal opening of air pollution limits across the UK are ________ unacceptable action of this," he said.
UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会), ________ campaigns on children's rights and wellbeing around the world, announced last year it was making protecting young people ________ toxic(毒素的) air across Britain in the months ahead.
Recently a series of reports ________(outline) the effect of air pollution—including detrimental effects on teenage mental health, a "huge" reduction in intelligence among children growing up in ________(pollute) areas.
Penrose said:" The impact of toxic air is undeniable. The UK is home to more children ________(suffer) from breathing conditions than anywhere else in Europe. Every 20 minutes a child experiencing an asthma attack is admitted to hospital. Now child health professionals are warning of the ________(serious) of this growing health crisis."
B
For those who want to keep themselves slim, ________ (get) more sleep could help. A group of scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK found that not having enough sleep could add ________ your waistline (腰围). They studied 1, 615 adults, who were asked ________ (report) how long they slept and their food intake for four days. Their weight, blood ________ (press), and waistline were recorded. ________ turned out that people who get an average of six hours' sleep a night have a 3-centimeter ________ (thick) waist than those who have nine hours. The researchers didn't explain how a lack of sleep could cause weight gain. ________, past studies suggest not sleeping enough could cause an increased release of hormones (荷尔蒙), which ________(be) linked to appetite. Laura Hardie, lead author of the study, believes the findings show the ________ (important) of getting enough sleep. "How much sleep we need ________ (differ) between people, but the current consensus (共识) is that seven to nine hours is best for most adults," she told The Telegraph.
答案解析
一、
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了喝咖啡的利弊，以及喝咖啡对健康的影响。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"...some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health，while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health"可知，人们对咖啡的利弊的看法各不相同．故选D。
（2） 考查词义猜测。根据第四段可知，每天适量食用咖啡因，不到4杯，就不会产生这些问题．所以该词的意思是"适当地、合理地"．故选C．
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Harwood，a high school student stated，"Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee，for the most part，coffee drinking sounds good for health．Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake．"可知，他会继续喝咖啡，故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了喝咖啡是否会影响健康，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二、
A
【答案】 was harming；better；to grow；an；which；from；have outlined；polluted；suffering；seriousness
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了儿童专家的观点：家人和孩子的父母们担心未意识到的空气污染在严重影响英国的少年儿童。
（1）考查时态。句意：在对健康专家的调查问卷中，十分之九的专家认为空气污染正在危害本地区的孩子们的健康。根据said可知是过去时态，结合句意可知是过去进行时，故填was harming。
（2）考查副词。对应文章首段提到父母们未意识到空气污染对孩子健康的影响，可知此处为专家认为应该更好的通知公众这些危害，可知用副词well的比较级，修饰动词inform，故填better。
（3）考查非谓语动词。此处为孩子们有在干净、安全环境下成长的权利，不定式作定语修饰right，故填to grow 。
（4）考查冠词。unacceptable是元音音素开头，而且action是可数名词，所以用不定冠词an，故填an。
（5）考查定语从句。UNICEF作先行词，逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，而且在从句中作主语，故填which。
（6）考查介词。此处指联合国儿童基金会正要保护儿童免受空气污染的危害。protect...from...固定短语，“保护……免受……”，故填from。
（7）考查时态。句意：最近，一系列报告已经概述了空气污染的影响。可知用现在完成时态，故填have outlined。
（8）考查形容词。此处指受污染的地区，polluted过去分词形式形容词，表示已经受到污染的，故填polluted。
（9）考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作定语，修饰children，指遭受呼吸环境危害的孩子们。故填suffering。
（10）考查名词。定冠词the后面用名词形式，此处指逐渐增长的健康危机的严重性。故填seriousness。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，副词，非谓语动词，冠词，定语从句，介词，形容词以及名词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
B
【答案】 getting；to；to report；pressure；It；thicker；However；are；importance；differs
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，调查结果表明，充足的睡眠有助于身体健康，也有助于保持身材。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意:多睡觉有帮助。此处是动名词作主语，故填getting。
（2）考查介词。add to 固定短语，“增加，加到”，此处指睡眠不足会增加腰围，故填to。
（3）考查非谓语动词。此处表示“让某人做某事”用ask sb. to do sth. 后面动词用不定式作宾补，故填to report 。
（4）考查名词。此处表示血压，用blood pressure，故填pressure 。
（5）考查代词。此处是it作形式主语，后面的that从句是真正主语，故填 It 。
（6）考查形容词。根据句中than可知此处有比较的意思，用形容词比较级，故填thicker 。
（7）考查连词。句意:研究人员并没有解释睡眠不足会导致体重增加的原因，过去的研究表明睡眠不足会导致释放荷尔蒙增加。前后句是转折关系，故填However 。
（8）考查主谓一致。句中which指代先行词hormones是复数，谓语动词与之一致也用复数，故填are。
（9）考查名词。此处由the限定且由后面的of修饰用名词，指获得足够睡眠的重要性，故填importance
（10）考查主谓一致。与句中所给动词一致用一般现在时，主语How much sleep是单数，故用动词的第三人称单数，填differs 。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，名词，代词，形容词，连词，主谓一致等多个知识点的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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Unit 1 Face values
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
（重点练）
一、阅读理解
The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.
According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behaviors. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson's disease.
According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.
According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.
Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.
When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, "Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake."
（1）What is the people's attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1
A.Disapproving. B.Tolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Mixed.
（2）What does the underlined word "moderate" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Personal. B.Slight. C.Reasonable. D.Heavy.
（3）What can we infer about Harwood
A.He'll keep on drinking coffee.
B.He loves his high school life.
C.He often falls asleep in class.
D.He has some health problems.
（4）What would be the best title for the text
A.Why People Love Coffee
B.How Coffee Affects Health
C.The Culture of Coffee Drinking.
D.The New Findings of Heart Disease.
二、语法填空
A
Child health experts have said families and parents are worryingly unaware of the severe damage air pollution is doing to young people in the UK.
In a survey of leading health professionals, nine in 10 said air pollution ________(harm) children in their areas, and a similar rate (92%) said the public needed to be ________(well) informed about the issue.
"Children have a fundamental right ________(grow) up in clean and safe environment that gives them the best possible start in life. The persistent, illegal opening of air pollution limits across the UK are ________ unacceptable action of this," he said.
UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会), ________ campaigns on children's rights and wellbeing around the world, announced last year it was making protecting young people ________ toxic(毒素的) air across Britain in the months ahead.
Recently a series of reports ________(outline) the effect of air pollution—including detrimental effects on teenage mental health, a "huge" reduction in intelligence among children growing up in ________(pollute) areas.
Penrose said:" The impact of toxic air is undeniable. The UK is home to more children ________(suffer) from breathing conditions than anywhere else in Europe. Every 20 minutes a child experiencing an asthma attack is admitted to hospital. Now child health professionals are warning of the ________(serious) of this growing health crisis."
B
For those who want to keep themselves slim, ________ (get) more sleep could help. A group of scientists from the University of Leeds in the UK found that not having enough sleep could add ________ your waistline (腰围). They studied 1, 615 adults, who were asked ________ (report) how long they slept and their food intake for four days. Their weight, blood ________ (press), and waistline were recorded. ________ turned out that people who get an average of six hours' sleep a night have a 3-centimeter ________ (thick) waist than those who have nine hours. The researchers didn't explain how a lack of sleep could cause weight gain. ________, past studies suggest not sleeping enough could cause an increased release of hormones (荷尔蒙), which ________(be) linked to appetite. Laura Hardie, lead author of the study, believes the findings show the ________ (important) of getting enough sleep. "How much sleep we need ________ (differ) between people, but the current consensus (共识) is that seven to nine hours is best for most adults," she told The Telegraph.
答案解析
一、
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了喝咖啡的利弊，以及喝咖啡对健康的影响。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"...some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health，while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health"可知，人们对咖啡的利弊的看法各不相同．故选D。
（2） 考查词义猜测。根据第四段可知，每天适量食用咖啡因，不到4杯，就不会产生这些问题．所以该词的意思是"适当地、合理地"．故选C．
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Harwood，a high school student stated，"Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee，for the most part，coffee drinking sounds good for health．Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake．"可知，他会继续喝咖啡，故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了喝咖啡是否会影响健康，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二、
A
【答案】 was harming；better；to grow；an；which；from；have outlined；polluted；suffering；seriousness
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了儿童专家的观点：家人和孩子的父母们担心未意识到的空气污染在严重影响英国的少年儿童。
（1）考查时态。句意：在对健康专家的调查问卷中，十分之九的专家认为空气污染正在危害本地区的孩子们的健康。根据said可知是过去时态，结合句意可知是过去进行时，故填was harming。
（2）考查副词。对应文章首段提到父母们未意识到空气污染对孩子健康的影响，可知此处为专家认为应该更好的通知公众这些危害，可知用副词well的比较级，修饰动词inform，故填better。
（3）考查非谓语动词。此处为孩子们有在干净、安全环境下成长的权利，不定式作定语修饰right，故填to grow 。
（4）考查冠词。unacceptable是元音音素开头，而且action是可数名词，所以用不定冠词an，故填an。
（5）考查定语从句。UNICEF作先行词，逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，而且在从句中作主语，故填which。
（6）考查介词。此处指联合国儿童基金会正要保护儿童免受空气污染的危害。protect...from...固定短语，“保护……免受……”，故填from。
（7）考查时态。句意：最近，一系列报告已经概述了空气污染的影响。可知用现在完成时态，故填have outlined。
（8）考查形容词。此处指受污染的地区，polluted过去分词形式形容词，表示已经受到污染的，故填polluted。
（9）考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作定语，修饰children，指遭受呼吸环境危害的孩子们。故填suffering。
（10）考查名词。定冠词the后面用名词形式，此处指逐渐增长的健康危机的严重性。故填seriousness。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，副词，非谓语动词，冠词，定语从句，介词，形容词以及名词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
B
【答案】 getting；to；to report；pressure；It；thicker；However；are；importance；differs
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，调查结果表明，充足的睡眠有助于身体健康，也有助于保持身材。
（1）考查非谓语动词。句意:多睡觉有帮助。此处是动名词作主语，故填getting。
（2）考查介词。add to 固定短语，“增加，加到”，此处指睡眠不足会增加腰围，故填to。
（3）考查非谓语动词。此处表示“让某人做某事”用ask sb. to do sth. 后面动词用不定式作宾补，故填to report 。
（4）考查名词。此处表示血压，用blood pressure，故填pressure 。
（5）考查代词。此处是it作形式主语，后面的that从句是真正主语，故填 It 。
（6）考查形容词。根据句中than可知此处有比较的意思，用形容词比较级，故填thicker 。
（7）考查连词。句意:研究人员并没有解释睡眠不足会导致体重增加的原因，过去的研究表明睡眠不足会导致释放荷尔蒙增加。前后句是转折关系，故填However 。
（8）考查主谓一致。句中which指代先行词hormones是复数，谓语动词与之一致也用复数，故填are。
（9）考查名词。此处由the限定且由后面的of修饰用名词，指获得足够睡眠的重要性，故填importance
（10）考查主谓一致。与句中所给动词一致用一般现在时，主语How much sleep是单数，故用动词的第三人称单数，填differs 。
【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，名词，代词，形容词，连词，主谓一致等多个知识点的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
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