北师大版（2019）必修第一册 学案Unit1 Lifestyles单元考点突破（二）学案素材

名师原创：Unit1 单元考点突破（二）
●词汇精讲
1. inspire vt. 使鼓舞；激励；启发思考
【原句再现】
He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he w2as needed the most. (教材P14)
【词块积累】
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人….
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；令人鼓舞的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；使有灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
【精品例句】
His brother was admitted to Peking University，which inspired him to study harder.
他的哥哥被北京大学录取了，这激励他更加努力学习
His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心
Our challenge is to inspire them to join our cause.
我们的挑战是要激励他们加入我们的事业
Her inspiring speech yesterday made us inspired．
她昨天的鼓舞人心的演讲使我们深受鼓舞
【高考链接】
The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists _____ (explore) the outer space. (陕西卷) (to explore)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
1. Dreams can be a rich source of _______ (inspire)for an artist. (inspiration)
2. His speech was _______ (inspire) so we were all inspired. (inspiring)
2. apply v. 申请；应用，运用，使用；努力，使专注于…；手压，脚踩；涂; 敷；
对…适用/有效
【原句再现】
For that reason he applied for and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
applicant n. 申请人； 应征者
application n. 申请；申请书；申请表
a job application 求职申请
submit an application 提交申请
fill in /out an application 填写申请表
apply for a job/passport/visa申请工作/护照/签证
apply to sb./sth. for sth. 向某人或某单位申请…
apply oneself to sth./doing sth. 专注于某事/做某事
apply the brakes踩刹车
【精品例句】
He applied to a university.
他向一所大学提出了申情
It is also a good idea to apply something as soon as you learn it.
学了就用也是个好主意
The new technology was applied to farming.
这项制技术被应用于农业
Apply the cream evenly to your face and neck.
将乳霜均匀地涂抹于你的面部和颈部
He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
他按住伤口以减少流血,直到警察和救护车赶到。
【高考链接】
He applied _____ Nadia Boulanger, the well-known musician, for composition study. （山东卷）(to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Over the next months, he applied himself to ______(improve) the technique. (improving)
We applied to the famous company _____ some positions at last. (for)
3. imagine vt. 想象; 设想；胡思乱想; 误以为；料想;认为
【原句再现】
He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living independently and teaching in a village. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
imagination n 想象; 想象力; 想象出来的事物; 幻想:
a creative/ vivid imagination创造性/生动的想象
be successful beyond imagination出乎意料地成功
imaginative adj. 富于想象力的; 爱想象的
imaginary adj.想象中的;虚构的
an imaginary world/ friend虚构的世界/假想的朋友
imagine (sb) doing sth
imagine + that / wh-从句
imagine...to be
【精品例句】
He’s letting his imagination fly.
他正展开想象
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
想象力比知识更重要
You didn’t really see anything—it was only imagination.
实际上你什么也没看到，那只不过是个幻觉而已
Can you imagine life without electricity
你能想象没有电的生活会是什么样子吗
I can’t imagine living without TV!
我无法想象没有电视的生活!
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我几乎不能想象彼得五天之内横渡了大西洋
Try to imagine that you are all alone on a deserted island.
试着想象一下你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.
我经常想象我将来的生活会是什么样子
I had imagined her to be older.
我本以为她的年龄还要大一些
【高考链接】
-- Look! He's running so fast! --Hard to ____ his legs were once broken. (山东卷)
A. know B. imagine C. realize D. find ( B )
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is difficult to imagine his _____ (accept) the decision without any consideration.
(浙江卷) (accepting)
4. independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【原句再现】
He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living independently and teaching in a village. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
be independent of…独立于；不受……约束
independence n. 独立；自主
gain independence(from) (脱离……)获得独立
dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
be dependent on 依靠，依赖
depend on(＝rely on) 依靠，依赖
【精品例句】
The two departments work independently of each other.
这两个部门独立运作
It was the first time that he had lived independently.
那是她第一次独立生活
The police force should be independent of direct government control.
警方应该不受政府的直接控制
【高考链接】
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be (depend)．(independent) (江西课改卷)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The country gained full independence Britain in 1960，when people couldn't hide their excitement. (from)
When the delayed flight will take off depends much ____ the weather. (on)
5. challenge n. 挑战；v. 向--挑战;对..质疑
【原句再现】
Living in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
challenging adj.有挑战性的
respond to/face the challenge回应/面对挑战
accept/take up the challenge接受挑战
challenge a view质疑某个观点
【精品例句】
Life is filled with challenges.
生活充满挑战
I challenged him to a game of chess.
我要他跟我下一盘棋
The job doesn’t really challenge her.
这项工作对她并不难
" Challenge yourself--go hiking in the Gobi Desert!
挑战自己! 到戈壁沙漠徒步旅行去!
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
政府将不得不面对失业率上升的挑战
(The government will have to meet to the challenge of rising unemployment.)
他们向他发出挑战，说他不可能在一小时内洗40辆车
(They threw down the challenge that he couldn't wash 40 cars in one hour)
6. supply n. 供应量; 补给量; 生活必需品; 补给品; 供应; 供给; vt. 供给; 供应; 提供
【原句再现】
The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
school/ medical / relief supplies学校用品/医疗用品/救援物资
supply and demand供应与需求
cutoff the electricity supply切断电力供应
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth.
【精品例句】
There was a plentiful supply of cheap labor
有大量的廉价劳动力
The media supplies lots of information to us every
媒体每天给我们提供很多信息
【高考链接】
As the world's population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. (浙江卷)
A. worth B. supply C. package D. list (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The bookstore supplied the school ______ many science book. (with)
7. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的；成为起因；可靠的 (= reliable)；有责任心的
【原句再现】
The other two local teachers were responsible for math and Chinese. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
a responsible teacher 负责的老师
responsibility n.责任；职责
sb. is responsible for sth.某人对某事负责/有责任
sth is responsible for...某事物是……的原因
accept/have/take/shoulder responsibility for doing sth. 对做某事负责
a sense of responsibility
【精品例句】
The media has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.
媒体有如实报道新闻的道德责任
Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer.
抽烟是许多肺癌的原因
He is a responsible young man.
他是一个有责任心的年轻人
We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health.
我们需要对呵护自己的健康负责
【高考链接】
Taking _________(responsible) for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity. (天津卷) (responsibility)
Human activity is not responsible _____ all water shortages. (安徽卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It’s time you started acting like a ____ (responsibility) adult. (responsible)
We should be responsible _____ our own happiness and misery. (for)
8. attractive adj. 迷人的；有魅力的；有吸引力的
【原句再现】
Their school lives are now more attractive and interesting, and they enjoy playing football in the playground, as well as singing songs they’ve learnt. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
attraction n. 喜爱；吸引力；魅力; 吸引人之物
a tourist attraction = a place of interest旅游名胜/旅游景点
attractively adv. 迷人地，有魅力地
attract vt. 吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)
attract sb. to...吸引某人到……
be attracted to...喜爱……；被……吸引
attract attention吸引/引起注意
【精品例句】
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不游客没有吸引力
What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.
这项工作最吸引我的是有旅游机会
I have no attraction for him.
我对他没有吸引力
This is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to.
这是我到过的最迷人的地方之一
Her beauty attracted many passers--by.
她的美貌吸引了很多路人
He was very handsome, but I wasn’t deeply attracted to him.
他很帅，但没有吸引到我
They tend to attract attention wherever they go.
他们无论到哪儿都想惹人注意
【高考链接】
Thousands of foreigners were ___ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened. (江苏卷)
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached ( C)
The company is starting a new advertising campaign to ___ new customers to its stores. (山东卷)
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Hampton Court Palace is open to the public as a major tourist ____ (attract). (attraction)
Buckingham Palace is a major tourist _____ (attractively). (attraction)
I thought he was very _____ (attract) and obviously very intelligent. (attractive)
9. as well as也；和……一样；不但……而且
【原句再现】
Their school lives are now more attractive and interesting, and they enjoy playing football in the playground, as well as singing songs they’ve learnt. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
※ as well as用作连词，连接两个相同成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……；除了……之外，还有……”。
※ as well as作介词，相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动词 ing形式。
※ as well也，还，又 (常放于句末)。
※ may/might as well表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨……，我们还是……吧”。
【精品例句】
I wish I could speak English as well as he can.
我希望自己的英语和他讲得一样好。
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.
科学既可以成为正义的力量，也可以成为邪恶势力的帮凶。
The teacher as well as his students likes football.
这个老师，跟他的学生一样，也喜欢足球
As well as eating five courses of meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
除了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶白酒
His bookshop sells books as well as newspapers.
他的书店既卖报也卖书
Since we haven’t gone very far, we might as well just turn around to get the map.
既然我们还没走远，不妨返回去取地图
【高考链接】
This training program can give you a lift at work, _____ increase your income by 40%. (四川卷)
A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as (A)
-- You don’t look very _____. Are you ill (福建卷)
-- No, I’m just a bit tired.
A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The famous musician, as well as his students, ______ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (was invited)
His parents as well as him_________ (think)that the house is not worth buying. (think)
As well as ______ (write) stories, I love reading and listening to music. (writing)
10. contact n. 联系; 联络;交往; 触碰; 接触; 社会关系;门路; 熟人; vt. (用电话、信件等) 联络 (某人); 使接触;与…接触
【原句再现】
He contacted charity organizations about rebuilding the playground and setting up a library, and helped the villagers sell local products online. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
make contact with＝get in/into contact with…= get in touch with…与……取得联系
lose contact with… = lose touch with…与……失去联系
keep/stay in contact with… = keep/stay in touch with….与……保持联系
be in/out of contact with…= be in/out of touch with…与……有/没有联系
【精品例句】
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.
我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系
In the past, it was always easy to get a job if you had friends and contacts.
在过去，如果你有朋友和关系，找工作往往很容易
Please contact me by e-mail if you are interested in this kind of products.
如果你有兴趣，请发电子邮件与我联系。
The pilot lost contact with the control tower.
这个飞行员失去了与塔台的联系
Losing touch/contact with relatives is terrible.
与亲人失去联系是可怕的
Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？
I've lost contact with most of my school friends.
我已经与大部分校友失去了联系。
I have managed to make contact with an old friend.
我设法与一位老朋友取得联系
【高考链接】
One should get ______ contact with others rather than only satisfying his or her desire. (陕西卷) (in/into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In his contact others，he never forces people to accept his point of view. (with)
We agreed (contact) again as soon as possible. (to contact)
11. set up 建立，树立
【原句再现】
He contacted charity organizations about rebuilding the playground and setting up a library, and helped the villagers sell local products online. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
set out 出发，开始做
set about 着手，开始做
set off 出发，启程，引起，使(炸弹等)爆炸
set aside 节省，保留
set down 写下，放下
set free 释放
【精品例句】
We set out to find the truth behind the mystery.
我们开始着手揭开谜团背后的真相。
He set out to follow his artistic inclinations.
他开始追求自己的艺术爱好。
He has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.
他已经完成了3年前开始努力做的事情。
【高考链接】
I'll set _________ early to avoid the traffic jams.（全国卷）(off/out)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Try to set ______ some time every day for exercise. (aside)
They want to set ______ their own company. (up)
12. intend vt. 打算; 想要
【原句再现】
Although he had only intended to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another year. (教材P15)
【词块积累】
intend doing / to do sth 打算做….
intend sb. /sth. to do sth.=mean sb./sth. to do sth. 打算让某人/某物做….
be intended for…= be meant for…=be designed for…专为….
intend + that从句…打算
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)
intention n. 打算；计划
【精品例句】
I intend no harm.
我没有恶意
The book is intended for children.
这书是给孩子们读的
They intend the building to be a guest house.
他们想把这所房子改成宾馆
We intend that production will start next month.
我们打算下个月开始生产。
The chair was clearly meant for a child.
这椅子显然是专为儿童预备的
【高考链接】
It is said that the early European playing cards were designed/intended ____ entertainment and education. (山东卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He intends ________ (study) abroad next year. (studying / to study)
I intend you ________ (come) with me. (to come)
13. adapt vt&vi. 使适应，使适合；改编，改写
【原句再现】
I hope you have adapted well to the new situation and are enjoying your new school. (教材P18)
【词块积累】
adaptation n. 适应；改编，改编的作品
adapt sth. from sth.根据……改编……
be adapted from ….由…改编而来
adapt to…适合，适应
adapt oneself to sth./doing sth.…. 使自己适应
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt...for/into... 将……改编为……
adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
【精品例句】
I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city.
我难以适应城市生活
All animals have to adapt to their environment.
所有动物必须适应环境
This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
这部新电影是根据简.奥斯汀的一部小说改编的
Three of the novels have been adapted for television.
他有三部小说已被改编成了电视剧
【高考链接】
The good thing about children is that they____ very easily to new environment.（浙江卷）
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He can’t adapt himself to ______ (do) this kind of work. (doing)
14. attend vt&vi. 出席，参加；上学；看护，照料
【原句再现】
At the moment, we meet twice a week and we’re preparing to attend a competition. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
attend a lecture/party/meeting/an interview 听课/参加聚会/参加会议/面试
attend to… 照料；处理；接待
attendance n.出席
attendant n. 服务员
【精品例句】
Please let us know if you are unable to attend.
如果不能出席请通知我们
That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school.
那个假如的早上我不必去上学
The patient was attended by a nurse.
病人由一名护士照料
Nurses are busy attending to the wounded.
护士正忙着照顾伤员
Excuse me, sir. Are you being attended to
打扰一下，有人接待你吗？
【高考链接】
The program was made in association _____ German television.(福建卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In children's minds summer is ______ (associate) with picnics. (associated)
It's much easier to get _____ debt than to get out of debt．(into)
15. provide. vt. 赡养，提供
【原句再现】
It is believed that the custom began thousands of years ago when teahouses started cropping up along the Silk Road to provide rest for weary travelers. (教材P21)
【词块积累】
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for/to sb. 为某人提供……
provided/providing(that 从句) 假如；如果
provide for 抚养，供养
【精品例句】
Community schools provide good quality education for children.
社区学校为孩子们提供 质量的教育
My goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活
She needs her new, busy work to provide for her family.
她的新工作很繁忙，但她需要它来养家糊口
I will play tennis provided that we've finished by 5 pm.
要是我们5点结束，我就去打网球
The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.
红十字会给灾民们提供食物和住处
比较：offer侧重表示主动而且“愿意给予”，常用offer sb. Sth.或 offer to do sth结构
" She offered a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.
她为寻回遗失的手机提出以酬金答谢 He offered to go instead of me.
他主动提出替我去
supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth. to sb. 结构
Trees can supply/ provide shade in summer.
夏天，树能提供荫凉
The butcher supplies us with meat.
这个卖肉的供应我们肉
【高考链接】
This is a group that specializes in providing houses and services ______ needy people.(四川课改卷) (to/for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The project is designed to provide young people ______ work. (with)
●本单元重要词组
16. due to…由于，因为
But more often than not, it’s due to pressure from work or study. (P13)
The accident was due to careless driving.
17. be inspired by… 被…鼓舞，被…激励
He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. (教材P14)
He is inspired by the author’s enthusiasm.
18. live up to… 符合（标准）；与….相符
However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes. (P15)
Our children do try to live up to our expectations.
19. flash through one’s mind 闪过某人的脑海
The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges. (P15)
A terrible thought flashed through my mind
20. give up (doing) sth. 放弃
The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges. (P15)
How can you give up your principles for that desire
●句型点拨
1. 动名词做主语
【原句再现】
Living in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. (教材P15)
句式分析：Living in the village 是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
【能力拓展】
※ 动名词做主语的时候，谓语动词用单数。
※ 动名词做主语，还可以是复合结构，前面可以有物主代词。
※ 为平衡句子结构，可以用it作形式主语。
【精品例句】
Climbing mountains is really fun.
爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
Being awarded a Nobel Prize was a great honor.
被颁给诺贝尔奖金是极大的荣誉。
Watching films is my favorite. 看电影是我最喜欢的事情
John's here will get us out of trouble. 约翰的到来使我们摆脱了困境
【高考链接】
The president's ________ (visit) China marked an improvement to the relations between the two countries. (陕西卷) (visiting)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is no use _______ (tell) him to keep clean. (telling)
Reading ______ (be) necessary for you to expand your knowledge. (is)
2. what引导主语从句
【原句再现】
What made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more confident in learning. (教材P15)
句式分析：句中what made him feel satisfied为what引导的主语从句。
【能力拓展】
what是连接代词，引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语；what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
温馨提示：what除引导从句外，还在从句中作一定的成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略。
【精品例句】
He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。
What we need is money.
我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
It's the best that you should work hard．
你最好还是努力工作。
【高考链接】
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for ______ seemed like hours. (陕西卷) (what)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Show me _______ you have bought. (what)
________ made her angry was not clear. (What)
●非谓语动词（详见语法课件）
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