外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 A life’s work易混易错点辨析学案（含答案）

【名师原创】：Unit2 易混易错点辨析
●accept; receive
【教材原句】
Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for being a fashion photographer. (教材P15)
【辨析】
两者都有“接受”的意思，，但用法有一定的区别。
accept意思是“接受，领受”， 表示当事人主观的态度和意愿，强调主观性。
receive 意思是“收到，接到”，表示客观事实，东西或物品等已经到手。
【例句呈现】
We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
She's decided not to accept the job.
她决定不接受这项工作。
She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all.
经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。
You must learn to accept defeat with good grace.
你必须学会欣然承认失败。
Pride would not allow him to accept the money.
自尊心不容他接受这笔钱。
We are not prepared to accept these conditions.
我们无意接受这些条件。
We can receive up to 500 cable channels.
我们可以接收多达500个有线电视频道。
I haven't received a letter from him yet.
我还没有收到他的信呢。
He received a large reward, which was no more than his due.
他得到重赏，这也是他应该得到的。
When her husband died, she received 50 000 in insurance.
她丈夫去世，她得到了一笔5万英镑的保险金。
She received a summons to appear in court the following week.
她收到一张传票，让她下周出庭。
【考点过关】
用accept, receive的适当形式填空
1. It's possible that he ________ the letter already.
2. It is generally ________ that people are motivated by success.
3. He ________ 600 by way of compensation from the company yesterday.
4. You will ________ notification of our decision in the next week.
5. It may take years to be completely _______ by the local community.
6. He _______ the award in recognition of his success in the past.
7. She ________ to study music in the college last week.
8. They _______ the risks as part of the job.
9. You should ________ a reply within seven days.
10. I’ll regret to tell you that he didn't _______ the job.
【参考答案】
1. has received; 2. accepted; 3. received; 4. receive; 5. accepted; 6. received; 7. was accepted; 8. accept; 9. receive; 10. accept ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
●clothes; cloth; clothing
【教材原句】
He valued his integrity and would not be bought by anyone, no matter how many free clothes or flights to faraway destinations he was offered. (教材P15)
【辨析】
中这三者都与衣服有关，词形上也很相似
clothes 表示的衣服包括上衣、裤子、外衣等各部分，永远是复数形式。
温馨提示：
①clothes前不能用数词修饰，但可以用形容词性物主代词my, their, his, her, our, your、指示代词these, those和不定代词many，a few, several， some等词修饰。
正：those clothes / few clothes / many clothes
误：a clothes / two clothes / three clothes
② clothes单独做主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式; 但a suit of clothes(一套衣 服)做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
③clothes可受某些名词修饰，表示不同用途的衣服，如：school clothes（校服），sports clothes（运动服），work clothes（工作服），play clothes（休闲服）等；表示不同季节穿的服装，如spring clothes（春装）、summer clothes（夏装）、autumn clothes（秋装）、winter clothes（冬装）；还有men’s clothes（男装），women’s clothes（女装），children’s clothes（童装）等，但是“婴儿服装”是baby clothes，通常不说babies’ clothes。
④表示一套衣服，可以借助suit或set，如：a suit of clothes(一套衣服)；two suits of clothes(二套衣服)等。
cloth指做衣服等用的材料，如布料，毛料、丝绸等，是物质名词，不可数，不能和不定冠词a连用， 表示“一块布料”是：a piece of cloth/an article of cloth/an item of cloth，类似的表达还有：
Three pieces/articles/items of cloth 三块布；three yards of cloth 3码布；a roll of cloth 一卷布。
温馨提示：
当cloth和某些名词构成复合名词时，指有特殊用途的一块布，是可数名词。如: a dustcloth/a dust cloth 一块抹布；a tablecloth/a table cloth 一块桌布；
a dishcloth/a dish cloth 一块洗碗布；a face cloth 一块洗脸毛巾。以上这种情况时，可以根据上下文语境简称为a cloth.
clothing表示“衣服”的总称，是一个不可数的集合名词, 永远用单数形式。
温馨提示：
①如果要表示“一件衣服”，可借助单位词article, item或piece, 即: an article of clothing/an item of clothing/a piece of clothing；
三件衣服: three pieces /items/articles of clothing
②汉语说中的“衣食”，在英语中通常表达为food and clothing。
③习语a wolf in sheep’s clothing的意思是“披着羊皮的狼”，其中的clothing习惯用法，一般不可能换成clothes。
【例句呈现】
This kind of cloth wears well.
这种布料很耐穿的。
Can you see any difference between these two pieces of cloth
你能看出这两块布料的不同吗
They handed each of us a hot wet cloth to wipe our hands.
他递给我们每人一块温热的湿布擦手。
The box was covered with a black cloth by the magician.
盒子被魔术师盖上黑布。
Your clothes are in the bedside table.
你的衣服在床头柜里。
Please send these clothes to the laundry.
请把这些衣服送到洗衣 店去。
There was a suit of clothes on his bed.
他的床上有一套衣服。
He had to buy a good many clothes.
他得买很多衣服。
This shop sells children's clothing.
这家商店出售童装。
They provided the refugees with food and clothing.
他们向难民提供食品和衣物。
No matter where we are, we always have food, clothing, and shelter us as well as people who love us.
无论身在何处，我们都能得到衣食和庇护，还有关爱我们的人。
We need warm clothing for the winter.
我们需要暖和的衣服过冬。
【考点过关】
1. I found an article of ________ in his office.
2. Where did he get his ________ made？
3. What do you think of this suit of ________
4. She bought some ________ to make some new dresses.
5. The ________ feels smooth and soft.
6. Pass me a table ________, please.
7. Those curtain ________ need washing.
8. Our ________ protects us from the cold.
9. We have enough food and _____________ for the winter.
10. She’s got many beautiful ____________.
11. _________ can be made from any kind of ________ including wool and cotton.
12. How much _______ will I need to make a pair of trousers
13. She often wears beautiful _________.
14. You should give all the old ________ away.
【参考答案】
1. clothing; 2. clothes ; 3. clothes; 4. cloth; 5. cloth ; 6. cloth ; 7. cloths ; 8. clothing ; 9. clothing ; 10. clothes ;11. Clothing ; cloth ; 12. cloth ;13. clothes ;14. clothing
●award; reward; prize
【教材原句】
Of course, 23 were awarded for their extraordinary contributions. (教材P19)
【辨析】
三者都有“奖赏”之意，但意思各有侧重，用法也有一定区别。
award 作名词意思是“奖，奖品，奖状，奖金”，指因在比赛或某方面的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉；作动词意思是“颁奖给…，授予，授奖，给….颁奖”，可以接双宾语，构成award sb. sth. (= award sth. to sb.) 结构。
reward 作名词意思是“奖赏，酬金，酬劳，酬谢”，既可以指工作中或某方面的贡献而得到的回报，也可指因给警方提供帮助或帮助他人找回丢失的人或物而得到的奖赏，酬金，酬劳，不能接双宾语，长构成reward sb. with sth.结构。
prize 常作名词，意思是“奖赏，奖品，奖”，常指因在某方面做出巨大贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获奖，如：the Nobel Prize for Physics/Medicine/Peace 弄贝尔物理学奖/医学奖/和平奖。
温馨提示：影视作品获奖一般用award表示。
【例句呈现】
The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
The smart money is on him for the best actor award.
内行认为他将获最佳演员奖。
Damages may be awarded for emotional injury.
可能会判处精神伤害赔偿。
He has been awarded a research grant.
他得到一笔研究经费。
There is a reward for information leading to the recovery of the missing diamonds.
凡能为找回丢失的钻石提供线索者可获奖赏。
She was richly rewarded for all her hard work.
她一向勤劳苦干，得到了丰厚的回报。
They are now reaping the rewards of all their hard work.
现在，他们的全部辛劳都得到了回报。
She was rewarded for her 40 years' faithful service with the company.
她为公司忠诚服务了40年，因而获得奖赏。
There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
将设立一项最具创意设计奖。
She won first prize in the competition.
她在竞赛中获得头奖。
The star prize is a weekend for two in Paris.
特等奖是二人巴黎周末游。
She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize.
她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。
He won first prize in the woodwind section.
他获得木管乐器组一等奖。
【考点过关】
用award, reward和prize的适当形式填空
1. He won the _______ of 1000 dollars in the football match last week.
2. The lady gave him a _______ for his helping her.
3. She won the first ______ at the speech contest.
4. A $100 ________ has been offered for the return of the backpack.
5. He won the Housing Design ________ for the year 2011.
6. The award of the Nobel ________ has crowned a glorious career in physics.
7. The police will ________ whoever provides useful information to catch the robber.
8. His efforts ________ with good fruits at last.
9. They ________ John the first prize last month.
10. The police are offering a big _______ for information about the robbery.
【参考答案】
1. award/prize; 2. reward; 3. prize; 4. reward; 5. Award; 6. Prize; 7. reward; 8. were rewarded; 9. awarded; 10. reward
●apart from; except; except for; except that; besides; but
【教材原句】
Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi desert, he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research. (教材P19)
【辨析】
这六个词都有“除了….”的意思，它们的意思和用法既有交集又有区别。
apart from 在肯定句中表示“整体中除了具有相同特点的人或物外，还有别的人或物”，即包括在内，相当于besides; 在否定句中，表示从整体中除去具有不同特点的人或物，即排除在外，此时相当于but的用法, 有时也可与except换用。apart from后面出现动词时，要用动名词。
except 表示“排除同类事物（将整体去除一部分）”，即排除在外。后接名词、介词短语或动词原形。
but 与except意思相同，但but多与no, none, nothing, nobody, all, any, everyone, everything等不定代词连用。常出现在nothing but….; anything but…..; no….but…；all but….; 等否定结构中, 而且who but….也是常见结构。
except for 常用于对整体进行肯定，对局部进行否定， 即先肯定，然后再指出个别不足之处。
except that 与except for意思相同，但后面必须接从句，有时可根据主句和从句的关系，使用wh-从句。
besides 表示“除了…之外还….”，包括其后排除的事物；另外还可用作副词， 表示“而且”。
【例句呈现】
Quite apart from/besides all the work, he had financial problems.
除了那么多工作，他还有财务困难。
Apart from keeping a brief interlude of peace, the war lasted nine years.
除了一段短暂的和平，那场战争持续了九年。
What other sports do you like apart from/besides football
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
Nothing else matters to him apart from/but his job.
对他来说，除了工作以外，什么事都无关紧要。
I like all sports apart from/but football.
除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。
I've finished the crossword apart from/except 3 across and 10 down.
这份纵横字谜除横3竖10以外我都填完了。
Apart from/But my host, I didn't know a single person there
除了主人外，那里的人我一个也不认识。
The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire
除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。
We don't do much in the evenings except watch television.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
We work every day except/but Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
They live in a remote area, inaccessible except by car.
他们住在一处偏远地区，只能开车去
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions except letters and photographs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except/but Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
Everyone seems busy except/but us
除了我们，大家好像都很忙碌。
I had no choice but to sign the contract.
我别无选择，只好签了合同。
We've had nothing but trouble with this car.
我们这辆车净出毛病。
The problem is anything but easy.
这个问题一点也不简单。
Except for her illnesses, she had had a particularly happy childhood
除了体弱多病外，她的童年特别幸福。
Except for a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
除了几处语法错误之外，你这篇作文写得不错。
He's a good man, except for his short temper.
他是个好人，除了气粗些。
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他，只是说我需要钱。
These two pens are alike except that they're different colors.
这两支笔样儿差不多，色儿不一样。
The log cabin stayed empty, except when we came.
除非我们到来，要不然那间小木屋一直都是空的。
I received nothing except what was due to me.
除了我应得的东西，我并未接受任何东西。
I understand everything except why he stole the money.
我什么都明白，只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
The snow, except where it drifted, was only calf-deep.
除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。
There are other visitors besides me.
参观人除我之外，还有另外的人。
Besides this, they also faced many difficulties.
除此之外,他们还面临了许多困难。
Besides all this, he had a number of little visits to pay, in the course of the day;
除此之外，在白天当中，他还需要去看望好些地方。
【考点过关】
用apart from, but, besides, except, except for, except that和besides填空
1. Many of the bodies were unidentifiable _______ by dental records.
2. They didn't have to do anything _______ sit back and enjoy life
3. Arrange all the vegetables ______ the potatoes in layers.
4. Who ______ Rosa could think of something like that
5. Europe will be represented in all _______ two of the seven races.
6. Your composition is good ______ some spelling mistakes.
7. The quality of this cloth is fine, ______ the color is not quite right.
8. This is a good novel, _______ the long and tedious ending.
9. Mr. Smith usually goes to work by bus _______ it rains.
10. I know nothing about the accident ______ I have read in the newspaper.
11. He told his parents everything _______ he needed so much money.
12. The old lady never spoke to anyone ______ someone came to visit her.
13. ______ chocolate and fruit juice, we also need bread and eggs.
14. Who ______ George would do such a thing
15. You can get the book anywhere ______ here.
16. ______ this dress, I also bought a hat and a pair of shoes。
17. ______ London, I’ve been to Manchester, Newcastle and Glasgow, too.
18. There is no one ______ me.
【参考答案】
1. except; 2. except; 3. except/but; 4. but; 5. except/but; 6. except for; 7. except that; 8. except for; 9. except when; 10. except what; 11. except why; 12. except when; 13. Besides; 14. but; 15. but; 16. Besides; 17. Besides; 18. but
●in order to do sth; so as to do sth.
【教材原句】
Therefore, in order to please them, foreign envoys presented these emperors with the most intricate and splendid timepieces. (教材P21)
【辨析】
两者都可以作目的状语，一般情况下没有什么区别, 常可互换使用, 但用法有细微区别。
in order to do sth. 引导的目的状语既可以放句首，也可以放句尾，位置较为灵活。
so as to do sth. 引导的目的状语只能放在句尾，不能位于句首。
温馨提示：
①两者的否定式: in order not to do sth.; so as not to do sth.
② 两者的复合结构: in order for sb. to do/so as for sb. to do （当不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,必须用其复合结构）。
【例句呈现】
He arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.
他很早到达了以便找到好座位。
In order to arrive before dark, we started early.
为了天黑前到达，我们很早就出发了。
You'd better check the names once again so as to avoid mistakes.
你最好再检查一下名字，以免搞错。
The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating.
试题要保密，以免泄密。
I got up early in order to catch the first bus.
为了赶上第一班公交车，我起得很早。
I got up early in order not to miss the first bus.
为了不错过第一班公交车，我起得很早。
I woke him early in order for him not to miss the first bus.
我把他早早叫醒，为的是不让他错过第一班车。
He started early so as to be there on time.
他出发很早，以便准时赶到那里。
One baths so as to/in order to get clean.
人洗澡是为了清洁。
The government raced the new law through all its stages so as to/in order to complete it before the election.
为了使新法律在选举前完成，政府匆忙地使其通过了各个程序。
We went early so as to/in order to get good seats.
为了占到好座位，我们早早就去了。
How can faculty improve their teaching so as to/in order to encourage creativity
教师们如何才能改进教学以激发创造性呢？
Arrive three days early so as to/in order to acclimatize.
提前3天到达以适应新环境。
Write home as often as possible so as to/in order to relieve your mother from anxiety.
尽量多给家里写信，免得你母亲牵肠挂肚。
Let's turn in early, so as to/in order to get up early tomorrow to catch the train.
今儿早点睡，明儿好早起赶火车。
One should learn from past mistakes so as to/in order to avoid falling into the same old trap again.
要从过去的错误中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。
【考点过关】
根据in order to do sth. 和 so as to do sth. 用法填空
1. We first need to understand the current usage scenarios and analyze the resulting performance problems _______ to do the correct performance correcting actions.
2. He started early _______ not to be late for school.
3. Zhang Yang’s mother woke him early _______ for him not to be late for work.
4. And _______ to do that, I need to talk about mice a little bit.
5. So, ______to do that, the technology has to be just as much human as it is artificial.
6. The purpose of these practices is to make athletes have a quicker recovery after training _______ to do their future study and training well.
【参考答案】
1. in order/so as; 2. in order/so as; 3. in order/so as; 4. in order; 5. in order; 6. in order/so as
●neither…. nor…. ; not only… but also
【教材原句】
It is suddenly clear that when the clock masters say that “these antiques have lives”, it is neither an exaggeration nor a metaphor. (教材P21)
This new generation of artisans will not only help preserve traditional skills; the innovation they bring to the craft will also ensure that the art of clock repairing stands the test of time. (教材P21)
【辨析】
两者都是并列连词，但意义和用法有一定区别。
not only…but also既可以连接两个并列句子成分，也可以连接两个并列句子，表示“不仅…..而且….”，着重强调后者，其中, only有时可以换成just; also有时可以省略。
温馨提示：
①当连接两个并列主语时，句子谓语动词要遵循就近原则，即与第二个主语保持一致；
②当引导两个并列句子时，not only 引导的句子要倒装；
③not only…but also的形式比较固定，但也会出现but与also被分隔开来的情形。
neither……nor….. 既可以连接两个并列句子成分，也可以连接两个并列句子，表示“既不…..也不……”，强调两者都不。
温馨提示：
①当连接两个并列主语时，句子谓语动词要遵循就近原则，即与第二个主语保持一致；
②当引导两个并列句子时，两个句子都要倒装；
【例句呈现】
Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active.
浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。
Shakespeare was not only a writer but (also) an actor。
莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。
If your friend reminds you kindly of your faults, take what he says not only pleasantly but thank fully.
如果低朋友善意地指明出你的缺点，你不但要欣然接受，而且要心怀感激之情。
Man has become master not only of the sky but also of the space.
人类不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。
Not only has he a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。
Professor Smith spoke neither English nor German
史密斯教授既不会讲英语，也不会讲德语。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
理论没有实践不行, 实践没有理论也不行。
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
我既不知道也不关心他出了什么事。
Not only had the poor man been arrested but he had been sent to prison as well.
这个可怜的人不仅被逮捕，而且被投进监狱。
They can neither read nor write, nor can they comprehend such concepts.
他们不会读，不会写，也理解不了这样的概念。
The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.
学生们不在教室里，老师也不在。
【考点过关】
根据donate, contribute 的用法及适当形式填空
1. Not only I but also Tom and Mary _____ fond of watching television.
2. Neither Anna nor I ______ interested in high finance.
3. Notices in the waiting room requested that you neither smoke nor ______ (spit).
4. Neither is Baker that kind of person nor _______ he do that kind of things yesterday.
5. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, _____ the students have theirs.
6. ______ has he done it, nor will he do it.
7. He was not only a successful writer _______ but (also) the greatest poet of his time.
8. I don't know where he lives. _______ does she.
9. In fact, he is famous ______ in China nor in the whole world.
10. Not only the mother but the children _______ are also sick now.
【参考答案】
1. are 2. am; 3. spit; 4. did; 5. but; 6. Neither; 7. But; 8. neither; 9. neither; 10. but
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