外研版(2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 War and peace单元考点突破学案(无答案)

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名称 外研版(2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 War and peace单元考点突破学案(无答案)
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名师原创:Unit3 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. conflict n.武装冲突,战斗,战争,冲突,矛盾 v.矛盾,冲突,抵触
【原句再现】
What was the deadliest conflict in human history (教材P25)
【词块积累】
a conflict of opinions
a conflict of interest(s)
armed/military conflict 武装/军事冲突
come into conflict with 与……发生冲突
in conflict with 与……相冲突
conflict with 与……发生冲突
【精品例句
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
他发现自己与父母在将来择业问题上存在分歧
His opinions conflicted with mine. 他的意见和我的意见不一致
My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years.
那些年我与母亲争吵了无数次
Armed conflict may break out at any moment. 武装冲突有一触即发之势
The two stories conflicted,so I did not know what to believe.
两个故事相冲突,我不知道相信哪一个
The conflict between the two countries finally caused a war.
两国间的冲突终于导致了一场战争
【高考链接】
In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the ____ in personality. (陕西卷)
A. contact B. contrast C. connection D. conflict (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
They often comes into conflict ______ each other. (with)
2. prevent v. 防止,阻挡
【原句再现】
You cannot prevent and prepare for war at the same time. (教材P25)
【词块积累】
Prevent/stop/keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止……做某事
温馨提示:
※ prevent/stop + 宾语 + (from) doing sth. 结构用于主动语态时,from 可以省略,
用于被动结构时 from 不可省略
※ Keep + 宾语 + from doing sth. 这一结构无论用于主动语态还是被动语态from都不能省略
比较:protect...from/against...保护……不受……侵袭 (from后接可能带来伤害或损害之物)
【精品例句】
Bad weather prevented me from setting out to enjoy the holiday.
恶略天气阻挡了我外出度假
Pollution prevents people from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. 污染使人们看不到在过去很容易看到的天空中的物体
There were many ways to prevent this from happening.有多种方法可以预防此事发生
Actually,there are grammatical mistakes made by students that keep them from writing good compositions. 其实,学生犯的语法错误阻止了他们写出好的习作
They were stopped/prevented/kept from entering the burning building.
他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼的外面
We were prevented from attending Professor Li's lecture by the heavy rain.
大雨使我们没能参加李教授的演讲
Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out.
她的突然到来使他不能外出
【高考链接】
Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth from ______ (pollute). ( 陕西卷)
( being polluted)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Social phobia (社交恐惧症) prevents people _____ (make) the normal,everyday mistakes that may help them improve their skills even further. 【(from) making】
She was prevented _______ taking the exam by illness. (from)
3. violent adj. 狂暴的,凶暴的
【原句再现】
A good soldier is not violent. (教材P25)
【词块积累】
lay violent hands on….对……行凶,对……下毒手
be violent to/towards ….对……粗暴
violence n. 暴力;暴行
do violence to ….损害;污辱;侵害
with violence 猛烈地
【精品例句】
It was the most violent film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最暴力的一部电影。
The mad man was violent and had to be locked up.
这个精神病患者很凶暴,不得不把他锁起来。
The violent eruption killed 1,700 people.
猛烈的火山爆发致使1 700人死亡。
【高考链接】
These modern buildings do ____________ (violent)to the beauty of the old city. (江西卷) (violence)
【考点训练】
She thought that some of them had been laying violent hands _____ me. (on)
He slammed the door _____ violence. (with)
My father was violent _____ my mother when he was drunk. (to/towards)
4. combine vt&vi.(使)结合,(使)组合;(使)化合,(使)混合
【原句再现】
After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for the start of Operation Overlord was set for 6 June. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
combine...with... 把……与……结合在一起
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事
combination n. 结合,组合,联合
in combination with… 与……结合/联合
【精品例句】
Theory must be combined with practice. 理论必须和实践相结合
Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon.
钢是把铁加碳混合炼制而成的
We should combine theory with practice in our teaching.
在我们的教学中,我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。
If he can combine his ability with hard work,he should be very successful.
如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来,必定会很有成就。
We should combine work with rest. 我们应劳逸结合。
【高考链接】
A ____ (combine) of all kinds of factors led to her decision to resign. (陕西卷) (combination)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
A balanced diet can be better for our health when _____ (combine) with regular exercise. (combined)
5. equip vt.装备,配备;使有准备,使有资格
【原句再现】
Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened…. (教材P26)
【词块积累】
equipment n. 装备,设备,用具
a piece/set of equipment 一件/套设备
poorly/well equipped
equip sb./sth. with sth. 给…装备/配备;使…具备(技能等)
【精品例句】
They can not afford to equip their army properly.他们没有财力好好装备自己的军队
The boys equipped themselves with food, tents and sleeping bags for their journey.
男孩们为他们的旅行准备了事物,帐篷和睡袋
The manager decided to equip the workshop with modern machines.
经理决定用现代化的设备装备车间
Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more.
采用新的科学种植法他们能用更少的耕地产出更多的粮食
We equip students with the skills they will need once they leave college.
我们要使学生掌握大学毕业后所需的技能
The government has an interest in bringing in new equipment.
政府对引进新设备非常感兴趣
With the modern equipment,our work was finished ahead of time.
有了现代设备,我们的工作提前完成了
After a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室起火后,大量设备被损坏了
【高考链接】
I have been busy preparing all the broken office _____ (equip) these days.(湖北课改卷)(equipment)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
As students,we should equip ourselves _____ knowledge. (with)
Our new school ______ (equip) with all the necessaries in teaching. (is equipped)
6. objective n. 目的,目标
【原句再现】
Their objective was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
a common objective 共同的目标
achieve/meet/reach one's objective 达到目标;实现目标
establish a clear objective 制订一个明确的目标
object n. 物体;对象;客体;宾语
【精品例句】
We succeeded in our main objective of cutting costs.
我们实现了削减费用的主要目标。
The legislation has failed to achieve its stated objectives.
这项法规没有达到它所宣称的目标。
The objective is to get the ball into the net.
目标是把球弄到网里。
【高考链接】
The department needs more money _______ (reach) its objectives.(河北卷) (to reach)
【考点训练】
The two groups are pursuing ______common objective. (a)
We need ______ (establish) a clear objective. (to establish/establish)
7. recall v.回想,回忆起
【原句再现】
One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
recall doing... 回忆起做某事
recall...to ….把……召回到……;迫使(某人)恢复……
recall that...回忆起……
recall one's schooldays/childhood 回忆起学生时代/童年
【精品例句】
Try to recall what happened.
用心回忆一下,发生了什么事情。
I seem to recall that she said she was going away.
我似乎记得她说过她打算离开。
She could still recall the first meeting clearly.
她还能清晰地记起初次见面的情景。
【高考链接】
John recalled _______ (attend)school with Mary. (江苏卷) (attending)
【考点训练】
She recalled ______ he had left early. (that)
He has been recalled _____ his old post. (to)
8. liberate v. 解放(城市、国家等)
【原句再现】
By the end of August 1944,the Allies had reached the River Seine,Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from north west France. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
liberate sb./sth. 解放或释放某人或某物
liberate...from …. 把……从……中解放出来
liberation n.解放
【精品例句】
You should liberate the mind from prejudice.
你该解除心中的偏见。
The heat brings about a chemical reaction,and oxygen is liberated.
热量引起化学反应,释放出氧气。
The city was liberated in 1949.
这个城市是1949年解放的。
【高考链接】
Before _______ (liberate) he lived on wild potatoes. (陕西卷) (liberation)
【考点训练】
This will liberate him _____ economic worry. (from)
These people in Africa have been struggling for ________ . (liberation)
9. protect vt. 保护
【原句再现】
Meanwhile, thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy, protected by fighter planes in the skies above them. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
protection n. 保护;呵护
protective adj. 给予保护的;保护的
environment protection 环境保护
fire/flood/sun protection 防火/防洪/防晒
under the protection of ….在….保护下
protect sb/sth. against sth. = protect sb./sth. from (doing) sth.保护某人免受/免遭…
【精品例句】
If we don’t act now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
如果我们现在不行动起来保护环境,我们终将后悔
Intellectual property rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. 知识产权保护艺术家的创意不会被别人抄袭
Something must be done to protect the environment from being polluted.
必须采取措施以保护环境免受污染
Waxing your car will help protect against rust. 给车打蜡可以防止生锈
Physical exercise can protect you against heart disease.
体育锻炼可以预防心脏病
He’s very protective of his younger brother. 他很爱护他的弟弟
【高考链接】
He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes ______ the sunlight. (江西卷) (from/against)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
We all should protect the children _____ being hurt. (from/against)
10. attack n. 攻击,进攻,袭击;抨击;vt&vi. 进攻,攻击;抨击;(疾病、自然灾害等)袭击,侵袭
【原句再现】
The enemy were hiding, ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
an air attack 空袭
make fierce attacks on/against…对….发动猛烈袭击
under attack 遭到攻击
a personal attack 人身攻击
a heart attack 心脏病发作
【精品例句】
When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back.
动物遭到攻击时,要么逃走要么反击
He suffered from a heart attack. 他心脏病发作了
Snake will only attack if you disturb them. 蛇只有受到侵扰时才会主动攻击
His remarks were attacked in the newspaper. 他的言论在报纸上受到抨击
Recently, the H7N9 bird flu has attacked many cities.
最近,H7N9禽流感侵袭了许多城市
【高考链接】
Travelers should not feed the wild animals in a close distance because they may ____ people. (江西课改卷)
A. strike B. attack C. hit D. beat (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
I heard that an old man was _____ by a fierce bear last week.
A. struck B. attracted C. attached D. attacked (D)
11. despite prep. 不管,不顾
【原句再现】
But, despite the high cost in human life, the D-Day landings were a success and were seen widely as the beginning of the end of the Second World War. (教材P27)
【词块积累】
Despite of… 不管,尽管,任凭,与in spite of …相近
【精品例句】
Despite the bad weather, we enjoyed our holiday.
尽管天气不好,我们还是愉快地度过了我们的假期
Joe is a good basketball player despite being short and fat.
尽管又矮又胖,乔依然是个优秀的运动员
【高考链接】
It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ____ his great wealth. (江西卷)
A. without B. despite C. in D. to (B)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
尽管做了努力,我们还是输了
(We lost despite our efforts.)
不顾大雨,他们很早就出发了
(Despite the heavy rain, they started out early.)
12. refer to提到,谈到;查阅,参考;指的是
【原句再现】
Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians, often referred to as “terror bombing”. (教材P30)
【词块积累】
reference n.提及,涉及; 参考; 推荐信;推荐人
in / with reference to关于;根据.而论
refer … to …把…委托给…
refer to...as...把……看作/称为……
【精品例句】
The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到了全球气候变暖。
My colleague said that as the situation was unusual he would refer the matter to his editor.我同事说由于情况非同寻常,他会把这个问题交给他的编辑处理。
In reference to your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 50 yuan each.关于你询问的价格,那部电影的票价是每张50元。
【高考链接】
1. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ______ his notes. (山东卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on (B)
2. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future . (江西卷)
A. purpose B. reference C. progress D. memory (B)
3. Here is a memo for your _____ (refer) when you answer the phones. (福建卷) (reference)
4. The word “ business ” also refers _____ an organization that provides goods and services. (全国卷.) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Tom is going to refer the matter _____ the meeting. (to)
Qiao Feng is referred to ______ a big hero. (as)
13. measure n. 尺寸; 大小; 度量单位; 计量标准; 标准; 衡量; 措施; 办法; vt.& vi测量; 测定; 估量; 衡量; 有...长/宽/高等
【原句再现】
These measures aim to give stability to conflict zones and allow governments to reestablish authority. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
measurement n测量;衡量;尺寸
measuring instruments测量工具
take sb's measure给某人量尺寸
make.. to sb's measure按照某人的尺寸做.
weights and measures度量衡
safety measures 安全措施
take measures采取措施
【精品例句】
Speed is a good measure of work performance in this setting.
在这种环境下,速度是衡量工作绩效的好办法
The doctor weighed the baby and measured its height. 大夫给婴儿称体重,量身高
Scientists haven't measured the positive effects of laughter on children.
笑对孩子的正面影响有多大,科学家还没有对此作出评估
The room measures10 meters across.这个房间宽10米
【高考链接】
They finished _______ (measure) that piece of land last week. (measuring).
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
It is high time that we should take some ______ (measure) to protect endangered animals.
(measures)
14. explode v.爆炸,爆发;激增;勃然大怒
【原句再现】
Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. (教材P32)
【词块积累】
explode with…. 因(愤怒)而发作
explode into…. 爆发出……
explode into laughter 哄堂大笑
explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增
explosive adj. 易爆炸的;爆炸性的
【精品例句】
They were clearing up when the second bomb exploded.
他们在清理时第二颗炸弹爆炸了。
Do you fear that you'll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her
你害怕在她面前突然大哭或勃然大怒吗?
The population explodes to 40,000 during the tourist season.
旅游季节人数暴涨至4万。
【高考链接】
Highly ______ (explode) gas is naturally found in coal mines. (江苏卷) (explosive)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Are you about to explode ______ excitement (with)
Stress can build up and explode _______ problems. (into)
15. emerge vi.&vt. 出现;浮现;暴露
【原句再现】
It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China’s leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdo. (教材P32)
【词块积累】
emerge from ….出现;暴露(问题、意见等)
It emerges that... 暴露/出现……
emergence n. 出现;兴起
【精品例句】
Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged.
她出现的时候,理查德正在门外等着。
Mr. Shevardnadze emerged as a major figure in the reform movement.
谢瓦尔德纳泽先生逐渐成为改革运动的重要人物。
This creates opportunities for new diseases to emerge.
这就造成了新疾病出现的机会。
【高考链接】
More and more international exchanges emerge __________ under the trend of globalization. (福建卷) (from)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Language emerges and develops with the _________ (emerge) and development of society. (emergence)
It emerged _______ the driver of the car had been drunk. (that)
16. resist vt&vi. 抗拒,抵制,抵抗,忍住
【原句再现】
Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honor of the nation. (教材P32)
【词块积累】
resistance n. 反抗,抵制
resist doing sth. 反对/抵制做某事
resist an enemy attack 抵抗敌人的进攻
【精品例句】
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降息
I can’t resist the temptation. 我抵制不了这种诱惑
I finished the cake. I can’t resist it. 我忍不住把蛋糕吃光了
He found it hard to resist buying these books. 他发现忍住不买这些书很难
【高考链接】
He couldn’t resist _____ (eat) all of the ice cream. (安徽卷) (eating)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
17. establish vt. 建立;创立;设立;确立;立足
【原句再现】
After the People’s Republic of China was established, Yang was reburied with full military honors, in Tonghua, Jilin Province. (教材P35)
【词块积累】
established adj. 确立的;确定的
establishment n. 建立;设立;确立
an education establishment 一个教育机构
establish contact/a relationship with…与…建立联系、关系
establish sb./sth. as…把….确立为….
【精品例句】
The company was established in 1980. 这家公司成立于1980年
By then she was established as a famous star. 那时她的明星地位已得到确立
This unit is an established part of the course. 这个单元是本课程既定的一部分
The speaker announced the establishment of a new college. 发言人宣布了新学院的成立
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.
至二十世纪二十年代,电影业在加利福尼亚州的好莱坞已站稳脚跟
【高考链接】
By 1909, Picasso had established himself _____ a painter of great talent in Paris . (陕西卷)
(as)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
This novel established the reputation he still enjoys today _______ one of America’s greatest writers. (as)
●本单元其它重要词组
18. free…from… 使摆脱;免于;解放
Code-named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation. (教材)
They were freed from jail.
19. nothing less than…完全是…;不亚于…;与….一模一样
We will accept nothing less than full Victory! (教材)
Her survival was nothing less than miraculous.
20. make it 成功;做成
One soldier recalled how he barely made it with bombs falling all around him…. (教材)
He has lived longer than the doctors expected. They didn’t think he would make it to November.
●句型点拨
1. 独立主格结构
【原句再现】
Code named“Operation Overlord”,it was the largest combined sea,air and land operation in history,the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation.(教材P26)
句式分析:句中the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation为“名词+现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。
【能力拓展】
独立主格结构形式为:
※名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)
※名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动或已完成)
※名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
※名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
【精品例句】
The question being settled,we went home.
问题解决之后,我们就回家了。
We shall play the match tomorrow,weather permitting.
假设明天天气好,我们就进行比赛。
The monitor being ill,we'd better put the meeting off.
班长病了,我们最好还是延期开会吧。
【高考链接】
Lots of homework ______ (do),I have to stay at home all day. (陕西卷) (to do)
More time ______ (give), we should have done the job much better. (山东卷) (given)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
Time ______ (permit),we'll go to your house. (permitting)
The meeting _____ (hold),the teachers walked into the meeting-room one by one. (to be held)
2. 过去分词短语作状语
【原句再现】
Meanwhile,thousands more were journeying across the English Channel to Normandy,protected by fighter planes in the skies above them.(教材P27)
句式分析:句中protected by fighter planes in the skies above them为过去分词短语作伴随状语。
【能力拓展】
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系,或表示动作已完成。
【精品例句】
The teacher came in,followed by a group of students.
老师进来了,后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随)
Used with care,one tin will last for six weeks.
如果用得仔细的话,一罐够用六周。(表示条件)
Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。
【高考链接】
______ (frighten)by the noise in the night,the girl didn't dare to sleep in her room.(湖南卷) (Frightened)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
______ (ask)why he did it,the monitor said it was his duty. (Asked)
______ (surround) by his students,the professor sat there cheerfully. (Surrounded)
______ (defeat) again,he didn't lose heart. (Defeated)
●过去进行时(详见语法课件)
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