(共61张PPT)
Extended reading—乐读·浸润学科素养
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．committee n． 委员会
2．smog n. 雾霾，烟雾
3．policy n. 政策，方针；原则
4．branch n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
5．strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署
6．subway n. 地铁；地下人行道
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．__________ n． 居民，住户
2．_________ n. 首领，最高领导人
adj. 主要的；首席的
3．_________ vi. 反对，抗议
vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩
n. 抗议，反对
4．_________ n. 利润，收益；好处
vi.& vt. 获益，得到好处
5．___________ n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt. 加工，处理
resident
chief
protest
profit
process
6．_________ vt. 回收利用，再利用
7．_________ adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的
8．_________ n. 官员，要员
adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的
9．_________ n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏
10．________ adj. 更多的，更进一步的
adv. 较远，更远；进一步
vt. 促进，增进
recycle
former
official
poverty
further
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．________ adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
2．_______ n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；保卫
3．________ adj.各种不同的，各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性→vary vt.& vi.使多样化；变化→variable adj.易变的；变化的
4．___________ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n．经济；节约 →economical adj.节约的；经济的
5．__________ vt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
entirely
defence
various
economic
poison
6．__________ n．化学制品adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemically adv.(在)化学(性 质)上；用化学方法
7．_______________ n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
chemical
consequence
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1．__________ 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
2．_________________ 反对某事
3．_____________ 使发生(或存在)
4．__________ 倾向于；往往会
5．________________ 获得巨额利润
6．_____________ 为……做解释或辩护
7．_____________ 在增加；在上涨
8．___________________ 实现平衡
9．__________________ 同一个(人或物)
get rid of
protest against sth.
give rise to
tend to
make huge profits
in defence of ...
on the rise
achieve a balance
one and the same
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident ...(现在分词位于句首的完全倒装句)今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯……
写佳句 __________________________________________the farm, which is surrounded by green trees.
农场坐落在我们学校附近的山脚下，绿树环绕。
Lying at the foot of the hill near our school is
悟原句 With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.(with＋宾语＋宾补)
鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。
写佳句 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)______________________, he said, “Thank you. It was you who made me realize that I can be the master of my destiny.”
他眼里含着泪水说：“谢谢你。是你让我意识到我可以成为自己命运的主宰。”
2.
With tears in his eyes
悟原句 Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution？(“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语)阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
写佳句 Could you give us some advice on ___________________________adapted from our English textbook？
对于我们改编自英语课本的这部短剧，您能就如何改进给出一些建议吗？
3.
how to improve the short play
第一遍 泛读通文意
News that Matters: pollution in Norgate
HOST: Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith, a local resident; Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory; and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee.Welcome.
Norgate's rapid development has had significant environmental costs. Mr Smith, you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time
SMITH: It's been awful, really. When I first moved here, the air was fresh, the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely different. I don't enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. For health and safety reasons alone, heavy industry has to go.
HOST: Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond
BROWN: Well, I'm sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we're deeply concerned
about the environment. We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. I'd also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. We've created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow.
HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise, the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution
ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development. We've made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way. However, fighting pollution isn't just a task for factories and the government.It has to be a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle. For example, you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway, or using the bike-sharing system.
HOST: Thank you, Mrs Archer, and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said，“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth ... these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future.
[参考译文]
《焦点新闻》：诺盖特市的污染
主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特市的污染。今晚来到我们演播室的有本地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、本地一家工厂的高管文森特·布朗，还有诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎你们。
[句式释解]
句 该句主语较长，为使句子平衡，使用了倒装语序。
诺盖特市的高速发展付出了高昂的环境代价。史密斯先生，您已经在这座城市生活了二十多年。您能说说这二十年间污染造成的影响吗？
史密斯：非常糟糕，真的。我刚搬来时，这里空气清新、草绿水清。后来重工业工厂迁来了，情况变得截然不同了。我再也不喜欢户外活动了。河水又脏又臭。空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色，这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。单是出于健康和安全的原因，重工业也必须迁走。
[句式释解]
句 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cough，that在从句中作宾语。
主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，您想做出回应吗？
布 朗：好吧，对于您那样的感受我很抱歉，史密斯先生。一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市帯来的经济效益。我们为当地居民创造了许多就业岗位，并对这座城市的经济增长起到了助推作用。
[句式释解]
句 that引导宾语从句，作动词短语point out的宾语；we produce是省略了 that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词pollution; that/which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。
句 主句使用了现在完成进行时；动词不定式短语to reduce pollution in the production process作目的状语；even though引导让步状语从句。
句 factories have brought to Norgate是省略了that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词 the economic benefits。
主持人：谢谢您，布朗先生。鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。阿彻女士，您对如何处理污染问题有何见解？
[句式释解]
句 使用了with复合结构，宾语为pollution levels，介词短语on the rise在此 表示状态，作宾语补足语。
句 how to deal with pollution为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。
阿 彻：是的，我们委员会在维护空气质量和水质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须在环境保护与经济发展之间求得平衡。我们已经制定了供各行业遵守的环境政策，比如严格的净化要求。我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。然而，与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂与政府的任务，应该全社会通力合作，人人都可以通过遵守“减少使用、重复使用、回收利用”这一黄金法则来助力。打个比方，您可以乘坐公交车、地铁，或者使用共享单车来节约能源。
[句式释解]
句 现在分词短语 fighting pollution 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
主持人：谢谢您，阿彻女士，再次感谢我们所有的嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救我们的地球，让人们摆脱贫困，实现经济增长……这是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济的命运休戚与共。在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。将一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的后人，这是我们的责任。构建人类命运共同体，这是我们的责任。
[句式释解]
句 与本段的最后两句结构相似，都用it 作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，从而构成排比句式；while we aim for economic development为while引导的时间状语从句。
What's the main idea of the text
A．News from a newspaper about pollution.
B．News from a TV show about a polluted city.
C．A report from a TV show about animal protection.
D．A report from a newspaper about air pollution.
答案：B
阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目
1. 文意的理解
(1)What is News that Matters
A．A magazine. B．A newspaper.
C．An organization. D．A TV program.
答案：D
(2)How many guests are invited to the studio
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案：B
2.表达的技巧
(1)第2～6行中把作表语的现在分词提至句首，使用了倒装语序。在写作中可用倒装语序起到强调突出、保持句子平衡的作用。试用倒装结构翻译下面的句子：
出席会议的是我们尊敬的校长史密斯先生。
____________________________________________________________
(2)第2～6行中三个并列主语后都使用了同位语，对主语进行说明，使表达更为清晰明了。试完成下面的句子：
I'm Li Hua, ______________________________of our school.
我是李华，我们校学生会的主席。
Present at the meeting is our respected headmaster, Mr Smith.
chairman of the Students' Union
阅读文章第三段，完成下列题目
1. 文意的理解
How was the environment more than twenty years ago
A．Terrible. B．Identical.
C．Excellent. D．Just so-so.
答案：C
2. 表达的技巧
(1)第17行中使用了副词entirely来修饰形容词different，以强烈的语气表达出空气质量与20年前截然不同。试完成下面的句子：
They communicated______________________.
他们完全用手势交流。
(2)第19行中使用了colour，此处为名词活用作动词，指的是雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，形象生动地描述出空气污染的严重性。试完成下面的句子：
The rising sun__________________________________.
冉冉升起的太阳把天空染成了鲜红色。
entirely by gesture
coloured the sky bright red
阅读文章第四、五段，完成下列题目
1. 文意的理解
What is the opinion of Vincent Brown
A．Heavy industry should be moved out of the city.
B．The pollution is connected with factories.
C．Factories have done enough to protect the environment.
D．The factories of heavy industry are to blame for the pollution.
答案：C
2.表达的技巧
(1)第34～38行中使用了现在完成进行时，表达了这些工厂为了改善环境一直在努力。现在完成进行时表示某一动作由过去持续到现在，现在还在进行。试用所给词的正确形式填空：
①The lazy boy _____________(lie) in bed for a whole day.
②She is very tired.She _______________(type) letters all day.
(2)第37～38行中使用了even though引导的让步状语从句，此句式为写作中的高级句式。试完成下面的句子：
__________________________________________, we should stick to our dreams.
即使我们会遇到很多困难，我们也应该坚持我们的梦想。
has been lying
has been typing
Even though we will meet with a lot of difficulties
阅读文章第六、七段，完成下列题目
1.文意的理解
(1)What is the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee doing to solve the problem
A．It is trying to close all the factories to reduce pollution.
B．It is trying to balance economic development and environmental protection.
C．It believes factories and government can solve the problem.
D．It insists single person makes few contributions to the environment.
答案：B
(2)What's the golden rule of fighting pollution
______________________________
Reduce, reuse and recycle.
2. 表达的技巧
(1)第43～44行中使用了with复合结构，属于写作中的高级表达，一方面可以增加句式的多样化，另一方面用简洁的语言表达丰富的内涵，起到了更好的表达效果。试完成下面的句子：
I sat in my room for a few minutes _____________________the ceiling.
我在房间里坐了一会，眼睛盯着天花板。
(2)第46～47行中使用了“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，该句式结构紧凑，言简意明，能给文章增色添彩。试完成下面的句子：
It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on _____________in senior high school.
我很荣幸在这里和大家分享有关在高中要学习什么的看法。
with my eyes fixed on
what to learn
阅读文章第八段，完成下列题目
1.文意的理解
What does a former UN official think of the pollution
A．Factories are responsible for the pollution.
B．The rapid development has raised the living levels.
C．Fighting the pollution is the government's main task.
D．Everyone can help to protect the environment.
答案：D
2.表达的技巧
第72～77行中三个排比句式中都使用了it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。形式主语it的使用既可以平衡句式结构，又可以令表达更灵活、更多样化。试完成下面的句子：
As far as I'm concerned, _______________________protect the earth.
就我而言，保护地球是每个人的责任。
it is everyone's duty to
本语篇的文本类型是电视访谈节目脚本，话题是虚拟城市诺盖特的污染问题。本文是以主持人采访嘉宾这种对话的形式来展开的，主持人的话语在上下文中起到很好的串联作用。then，however等词的使用能够更好地突出嘉宾的观点，举例子、讲事实等写作手段使得论据充分、合理。
阅读技巧：语篇阅读中要注意衔接上下文的关联词语，这些词语可以起到帮助我们理清文本内在联系，整合上下文意义的作用。
本文提到了经济发展与环境保护这一对矛盾体，其实这是现代社会中的一个现实问题。如何正确处理这对矛盾，在确保经济高速发展、社会进步的同时，还能保证自然环境不遭破坏，这是全人类共同面临的问题。通过本文的学习能够引导学生站在人类命运共同体的视角去思考可持续发展的问题，提高看待问题的思辨能力和分析能力。阅读下面语段，感悟经济发展与环境保护之间的关系：
Environmental protection and economic development can coexist in parallel or in harmony. The ultimate goal of our economic development is to provide people with a comfortable and happy life. If we achieve economic development at the expense of the environment, what is the significance of economic development There is a lot of evidence to prove that the balance between the two helps to achieve a more rapid and sustainable development of society.
1．The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of.
空气中的烟雾把天空都染成了烟灰色，这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。
★get/be rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)It is quite necessary for the students to get rid of the bad habit.
学生摆脱掉这种坏习惯是非常必要的。
②Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的斗争中有了更多的办法。
rid sb./sth.of ... 使某人/某物摆脱……
rid oneself of ... 摆脱……；从……中解脱
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③The dentist rid him ______the pain by taking out his bad tooth.
④After ten years of hard work, she eventually rid ____________(she) of debt.
⑤I must____________________________— it takes up too much room.
我必须把这张大桌子搬走，它占了太多的空间。
of
herself
get rid of this large table
2．People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.
一提到工厂，人们总是将其与浓烟滚滚的画面和急于牟取暴利、不负责任的商人形象联系在一起。
★profit n．利润，收益；好处vi.& vt.获益，得到好处；对……有用(或有益)
[用法感知]
①His purpose was to make a profit by improving the company's performance.
他的目标是通过提高公司的业绩来实现盈利。
②We should learn to profit by our mistakes.
我们应该学会从错误中吸取教训。
③(以文化人助写作)I profit more from one consultation with you than from ten years of reading.
听君一席话，胜读十年书。
(1)make a profit 获利
profit from/by ... 从……中获利
(2)non-profit adj. 非营利的，不以营利为目的的
profitable adj. 赢利的；有益的
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④Many local people believe they will profit _______________the local tourism development.
⑤The firm barely covers its costs, and even it hasn't made _____profit for years.
⑥When you fail in something, ______________________as a learning experience.
当你做某件事失败时，把失败当作一种学习经历从中汲取益处。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦Young people benefit from various kinds of outdoor activities. ___________
from/by
a
profit from the failure
profit from
3．In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.
不过，我要为工厂说句话，我想指出，我们也在努力控制我们制造的污染。
★defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died in defence of our country.
我们不应该忘记那些为保卫国家而献身的军人。
②This medicine helps the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infection.
这种药有助于身体抵抗某些感染。
③When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.
当狗攻击我时，我用棍子自卫。
(1)in defence of 保卫……；为……辩护
(2)defend v. 防御；保护
defend ... from/against ... 保护……免遭……；
保卫……；抵御……
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④He used the old trick of attacking in order to ________(defence) himself.
(2)一句多译
有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
⑤Some think that students should be trained to ___________________________
some attacks.(defend)
⑥Some think that students should be trained ________________some attacks.(defence)
defend
defend themselves against/from
in defence of
4．We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs.
我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。
[归纳点拨]
(1)even though(＝even if)意为“即使，纵使，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，从 句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
(2)as though(＝as if)意为“好像”，可引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
①My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,___________________________.
我祖父虽然已经90多岁了，但他还是时常打网球。
②They won't go to the party_____________________________.
他们即使受到邀请，也不会去参加那个聚会。
③It looks___________________________.
看起来好像要下雨。
even though he's in his nineties
even though/if they are invited
as though/if it is going to rain
5．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性
[用法感知]
①As a consequence, they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
因此，他们不能集中精力学习，上课时容易犯困。
②Many species have died out as a consequence of human activities.
由于人类活动，许多物种已经灭绝了。
(1)as a consequence/in consequence (＝as a result)
因此，结果(在句中作状语)
as a consequence of/in consequence of(＝as a result of) 由于，因为
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的，作为结果的
consequently adv. 因此，所以
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③As ____consequence, people should take part in physical activities regularly.
④Alex has lived in China for many years, and _________________(consequent) he speaks fluent Chinese.
⑤The warming of the Earth and the ____________(consequence) climatic changes affect the whole world.
⑥Thousands of people lost their lives_____________________________________.
成千上万的人因那场大地震而失去了生命。
a
consequently
consequent
as a consequence of the big earthquake
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦As a consequence, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University.
__________________
As a result
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Local _________(居民) groups have united in opposition to the plan.
2．People regard the sun as the _______(主要的) source of heat and light.
3．The _______________(委员会) was asked to hand in a report on the housing situation.
4．Their foreign ________(政策) is based on the principle that “might is right”．
5．After many years' development, the bank has __________(分支) all over the country.
resident
chief
committee
policy
branches
6．The government has adopted a ______________ (策略) to protect wildlife and environment.
7．A lot of the plastics that carmakers are using cannot be ______________(回收利用)．
8．I broke through the __________(贫穷) barrier and it was education that did it.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We will refund your money to you in full if you are not ____________(entire) satisfied.
2．The workers staged a protest ___________the proposed changes in their contracts.
strategy
recycled
poverty
entirely
against
3．Nowadays, players at all levels of chess can profit ________computer assistance during a game.
4．The human body has natural ____________(defend) system to protect it from diseases.
5．The artist has painted the scene from ___________(vary) viewpoints.
6．I recommend that you avoid _____________(process) foods whenever possible.
7．This book deals with the social, ____________(economy) and political issues of the period.
8．These pilots must now face the ________________(consequent) of their actions and be brought to trial.
from
defence
various
processed
economic
consequences
get rid of， give rise to， on the rise， make huge profits， in defence of， achieve a balance，one and the same
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．They have invested a lot of money in drilling to _________________from oil or gas.
2．I'm willing to work for the party because its interests and my interests are___________________.
3．Once you pick up some bad habits, it is difficult for you to ___________
them.
4．Cinemas have gradually given way to the rise of the Internet and cell phones, and the ticket price is_______________.
make huge profits
one and the same
get rid of
on the rise
5．Can you advise me how to ______________________between my schoolwork and my hobbies
6．Things are different in different cultures, and such difference may _________
conflicts.
7．They fought to the last ditch ________________freedom and of the interests of the people.
achieve a balance
give rise to
in defence of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．______________________a very delightful road.(倒装句)
通往公园的是一条景色宜人的路。
2．People may feel that the climate _________________________________in recent years.(现在完成进行时)
人们可能会觉得近年来气候变得越来越暖。
3．________________________, you should try your best to finish your work.(even though)
即使你可能会失败，你也应该尽力去完成你的工作。
Leading to the park is
has been getting warmer and warmer
Even though you might fail
4．____________________________, which ensures you to adapt to the new life in China as soon as possible.(动名词作主语)学习中文是必须的，这能确保你尽快适应在中国的新生活。
5．I agree with you. ____________________________________our traditional culture.(it作形式主语)我同意你的看法。我们有责任保护和传播我们的传统文化。
Learning Chinese is a must
It's our duty to conserve and spread
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The topic today is pollution in Norgate. James Smith, 1.____ local resident, believes that heavy industry factories contribute 2._____ pollution, and they have to go for health and safety reasons. Vincent Brown, senior manager of a local factory, argues that people should pay attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate and that factories 3._____________ (create) many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow.The factories have been taking various 4.___________ (measure), including the use of new technologies, 5.___________ (reduce) pollution in the production process.
a
to
have created
measures
to reduce
Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee, says they have to achieve a balance between environmental protection 6.______ economic development. They also work together with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies 7.______________ (follow) in an environmentally friendly way. Everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle.
The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. 8._____ is our duty to protect the environment, to leave a better, cleaner and 9._________ (healthy) planet to our children and to build a human community with a 10.___________ (share) future.
and
are followed
It
healthier
shared
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共32张PPT)
Grammar and usage—语法·提升语言能力
The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal on 25th April 2015, was one of the worst (earthquakes) in history.①On hearing the news, China was quick to start organising emergency aid.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams, the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first (international heavy rescue team) to arrive.②Consisting of 62 people, it not only included rescuers and medical staff, but also (included) earthquake experts.③By early May, emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China, with a further round (of emergency aid) to follow.④,
句①中，可省略名词earthquakes；句②中，可省略名词短语international heavy rescue team；句③中，可省略动词included；句④中，可省略介词短语of emergency aid。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
英语句子就其结构而言，可分为完全句和省略句两种形式。无论在口语中还是书面语中，在不妨碍理解，不影响句子意义完整的条件下，可以省略一个或整个句子成分，或省略某些结构词，使语句简练，结构紧凑，起到一定的修辞效果。
一、词法上的省略
(一)动词不定式的省略
[先感知]
①—Will you join in the game
—I'd be glad to (join in the game)．
②—Are you a teacher in this school
—No, but I wish to be (a teacher in this school)．
③—You didn't attend Tom's birthday party yesterday, did you
—No, but I'd like to have (attended it)．
④The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street)．
⑤They made the boy go to bed early.
⑥The boy was made to go to bed early by them.
[会发现]
(1)句①②③④为__________后内容的省略；
(2)句⑤为不定式符号to的省略；
(3)句⑥为被动结构，后跟带to的不定式作宾补。
[明规则]
1．某些动词后接不定式作宾语时，可以省去与前面重复的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有：love, wish, like, care, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。
2．某些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类动词有：tell, ask, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid, expect, order, warn 等。
不定式
3．某些形容词后接不定式作状语时，可以省去与前面相同的动词，只留下不定式符号to，常见的这类形容词有：happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。
4．如果不定式中含有be或完成式，通常保留be或have。
5．在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式，其中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留。
(二)介词的省略
[先感知]
①Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.
②I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
③They spent two months (in) finishing the project.
[会发现]
以上三个句子中都省略了_______。
[明规则]
一些固定结构中的动词-ing形式前的介词常可省略，如prevent/stop ...(from) doing ..., have trouble/difficulty (in) doing ..., spend ...(in) doing ..., be busy (in) doing sth.等。
介词
[对点练]
(1)按要求做题
①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
⑤My mother wouldn't let me to go to see the film.
以上句子中，加黑部分应被省略的是：______；不能省略的是：_________。
②⑤
①③④
(2)完成句子
⑥— Is he feeling better today
—______________(恐怕没有好转)．
⑦— Tom was injured, or he would have won the race.
—___________(我也这么认为)．
(3)补全下列句中省略的介词
⑧It was quite light and (_____) any moment now the sun would rise.
⑨There were plenty of empty seats (____) that night.
⑩I have some trouble (_____) learning English.
I'm afraid not
I think so
at
on
in
二、句法上的省略
(一)简单句的省略
[先感知]
①What a hot day (it is) today!
②—(Will you) Have a rest
—No, thanks.
③(Is there) Anything else to say
④—Did you go to the museum yesterday
—No, I didn't (go to the museum yesterday)．
[会发现]
以上简单句中为了使语言简洁明了都省略了句子的某些成分。
[明规则]
1．感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
3．在对话中，针对问题进行回答时，答语常常省略与问句中相同的部分。
[对点练] (补全下列省略句)
①Have a seat, please!
→_______________________
②Looks like rain.
→__________________
③Let's do the dishes.I'll wash and you dry.
→________________________________________________
④Got any idea about the plan
→_____________________________________
You have a seat, please!
It looks like rain.
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you dry them/the dishes.
Have you got any idea about the plan
(二)并列句的省略
[先感知]
①John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
②His suggestions made John happy, but (his suggestions made) Mary angry.
③Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.
④Jack will sing at the party, but I know John won't (sing at the party)．
[会发现]
以上并列句中省略了____________的部分。
重复出现
[明规则]
针对并列句的第二分句：
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分；
(2)如果主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者都可以省略；
(3)如果主语相同，而谓语动词不同，则可省略主语。
[对点练] (写出下列句中可以省略的部分)
①Some of us study Japanese, and others study English. _______________
②He didn't tell a lie but he did tend to exaggerate (夸大)． _____
③My friend didn't come to school, but I wonder why he/she didn't come to school. ________________________
others后的study
he
he/she didn't come to school
(三)复合句的省略
1．状语从句的省略
[先感知]
①While (I was) waiting, I was reading some magazines.
②Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
③If (it is) possible, I will go to China next year.
[会发现]
以上状语从句中都省略了_______________。
[明规则]
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可省略从句中的主语和be 动词。
主语和be动词
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①When __________(surf) the Internet, I downloaded the film.
②Video games can be a poor influence if _______(leave) in the wrong hands.
③He shook his head as if _________(say) “no”．
(2)把下列句子改为省略句
④If it is so, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
→______, I hope you will have a wonderful time.
⑤The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou.
→The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild_________________.
surfing
left
to say
If so
as in Guangzhou
2．定语从句的省略
[先感知]
①The man (who/whom) I saw is called Smith.
②Where is the book (which/that) I bought this morning
[会发现]
以上定语从句中都省略了____________。
[明规则]
在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which， who， whom常可以省略。
关系代词
[对点练] (写出下列句中可以省略的部分)
①Among the many dangers which sailors have to face, probably the greatest
of all is fog. ____________
②Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. ________
3．宾语从句的省略
[先感知]
①She said (that) she had finished her homework.
②Having checked (that) the doors were closed, and that all the lights were off, the boy left.
That
[会发现]
以上宾语从句中都省略了连接代词_______。
[明规则]
引导宾语从句的连词that常常可省略；及物动词后接两个宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，第二个宾语从句中的that不能省略。
that
[对点练] (写出下列句中可以省略的部分)
①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. ________
②She didn't go to school yesterday.I don't know why she didn't go to school yesterday. ____________________________
③I was informed that his brother said that he would go with us. ___________
that
she didn't go to school yesterday
that; that
在括号内写出下文中被省略的内容
Technology isn't the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways 1.(______________________), too.Unusual animal behaviour, for example, can indicate whether it's cold, wet weather that's on the way or a hot, dry period 2.(________________)．If fish are jumping higher than usual or frogs are croaking more loudly 3.(__________), it may rain.And next time you look up at the sky, don't just look for rain clouds, but also 4.(___________) birds.If they are flying low, grab your umbrella. It is also said that mice and snakes head for safer ground several days before an earthquake, while dogs avoiding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is approaching.Of course, although these things may suggest something bad is going to happen, they won't tell us when 5.(_________________
______________) and where 6.(____________________________________)．So, for accurate predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.
to forecast the weather
that's on the way
look for
something bad is
going to happen
something bad is going to happen
新知进补——学用结合方能“融会通”
1．All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.
他们所有人都想出了关于如何解决这些问题的创造性的想法。
★come up with 想出，想到
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.
我们班想出了更好地利用旧材料的主意。
②Several new books will have come out by the end of next month.
到下个月底，几本新书将出版。
③Measures to protect wildlife will come up for discussion at the meeting.
会议将会讨论保护野生动物的措施。
④Whatever difficulties he comes across, he never gives up.
无论遇到什么困难，他从不放弃。
归纳点拨 come up 走近；上来；被提出；产生；开始
come about 发生；产生
come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come out 出来；出版；发行
come to 来到(某地)；总计；恢复知觉
When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……时
名师点津 come up with意为“想出，想到”，其主语通常为人，后跟想出的内容；come up意为“被提及”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，即所提出的内容。两者都不能用于被动语态。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
⑤As soon as the project came ______at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.
⑥How did it come _______that the man was dismissed
⑦No one has come up ______a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
⑧When it comes ______students' surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it.
up
about
with
to
2．Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle.
一些人要求运用现代技术，其他人则要求改变生活方式。
★call for (公开)要求；需要
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Protecting the environment calls for everyone's efforts.
保护环境需要每个人的努力。
②Their travel plan was called off because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，他们的旅行计划被取消了。
③I called at his house twice, but he happened to be out each time.
我去过他家两次，但碰巧每次他都不在家。
call up 给……打电话；使想起
call off 取消；停止
call at 拜访(某地)
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
④Success in study____________________________.
学业的成功需要很多努力。
⑤The pictures ______________________that I used to have.
这些照片让我想起了曾经度过的艰难时刻。
⑥A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, __________
______________________________for a greener earth.
地球日前一周，在我们学校周围张贴了海报，呼吁我们加入到这个“绿色地球”的活动中来。
calls for much hard work
call up the hard time
calling
on/upon us to join in the activity
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦She spent most of the day dropping in on friends in Beijing. ____________
calling on
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共49张PPT)
Integrated skills—语用·融会语言技能
一、背重点词汇
1．________ n． 形象；图像；意象
2．________ n. 鲨鱼
3．________ n. 鲸
4．________n. 鹿
image
shark
whale
deer
5．________ vt.& vi. 跟踪，追踪
n. 踪迹；小道；轨道；路线
6．_________ n. 生活环境，栖息地
7．_________ adv. 无处，哪里都不
8．_________ n. 海豚
9．_____________ 突然记起(或想到)
track
habitat
nowhere
dolphin
spring to mind
二、背经典句式
1.
悟原句 Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, directly harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations.(while连接并列句)
一些活动，如狩猎和捕鱼，直接伤害动物，而其他活动，如城镇发展，间接影响动物种群。
写佳句 (2022·全国乙卷)Some students prefer to read English books ___________
____________________________as the most effective way to practice English.
一些学生喜欢读英语书籍，而其他人则将看英语电影视为练习英语最有效的方式。
while others
view watching English movies
悟原句 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.(so＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语)
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
写佳句 In the report, researchers made it clear that a smile means the same thing in any language._________________________.
在这篇报告中，研究人员清楚地指出，在任何语言中，微笑的意思都是一样的。笑或哭也是如此。
2.
So does laughter or crying
1．Still others hunt animals just for fun：deer are tracked and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport.
还有一些人猎杀动物只是为了找乐子：那些追踪、射猎鹿的人喜欢狩猎的刺激。
★track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
[用法感知]
①Sometimes we are so engrossed in our work that we lose track of time.
有时我们工作时太全神贯注了以至于都忘记了时间。
②Though the manager did his best to help, he was still unable to track down the source of the problem.
虽然经理尽了他最大的努力帮忙，他还是无法追查到这个问题的来源。
(1)track down (经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到
(2)keep track of ...(＝keep/stay in touch with ...)
了解……的动态；与……保持联系
lose track of ...(＝lose/be out of touch with ...)
失去……的线索；与……失去联系
track and field 田径运动
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③She spent weeks in the library _______________all the reference information on the subject.
她花了好几周在图书馆里查找关于这个课题的所有参考资料。
④We had to _______________our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not replaced.
我们必须看好自己的物品，如果弄丢了就没法换了。
⑤After we graduated, I _________________all my high school friends.
自从毕业后，我就和所有的高中朋友失去了联系。
tracking down
keep track of
lost track of
2．As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals.
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
表示前面所陈述的情况也适用于另一人或事的几种表达：
(1)“so＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语”表示前面所陈述的肯定情况也适用于 另一人或事，意为“……也一样”。
(2)“Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语”表示前面提到的否定情况也适用于另一人或事，意为“……也不……”。
(3)“So it is with .../It is the same with ...”表示前面出现的情况适用于另一人或事。
注意：“so＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词”用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容，可译为“是的，对”或“的确如此”。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (完成句子)
①Li Ming studies hard, takes an active part in sports and is always ready to help others._________________________________________.
李明学习努力，积极参加体育活动并且总是乐于助人。魏芳也是如此。
②I haven't passed the English exam.________________________________.
我没有通过英语考试。我弟弟也是如此。
③My friend asked me to go to play football after school and________.
放学后朋友喊我去踢足球，我就去了。
④Football is very important to me, and_______________________.
足球对我很重要，我们的友谊也同样很重要。
So it is with/It is the same with Wei Fang
Neither/Nor has my brother
so I did
so is our friendship
⑤—Li Hua speaks English fluently.
—___________and___________.
——李华英语说得很流利。
——他确实如此，你也是。
⑥—Are you going to see the film tomorrow
—If you go,____________.
——你明天要去看电影吗？
——如果你去，我也去。
So he does
so do you
so will I
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．为……提供…… _________________
2．在……中起作用 ________________
3．产生影响 ________________
4．cut down ______________
5．to a degree _________________
6．protect ... from ... __________________
provide ... for ...
play a role in ...
make a difference
削减，砍伐
在一定程度上
保护……免遭……
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．If we _____________________to hunt endangered animals, populations of these animals will have time to recover.
如果我们使得捕猎濒危动物成为违法行为，这些动物的数量将有时间恢复。
2．_______________________ is an effective way to protect animal habitats.
建立保护区是保护动物栖息地的一个有效途径。
3．___________ we learn about how human activities harm the environment, ___________we'll be able to change our behaviour — before it's too late!
我们对人类活动如何危害环境了解得越多，就越有能力在为时已晚之前改变自己的行为！
make it against the law
Creating protected areas
The more
the better
Step 3 过关键信息[判断正(T)误(F)]
1．Animals are of great importance because they help maintain the balance of our ecosystem. ( )
2．Killing just a few whales is not against the law when they are endangered. ( )
3．The best way to protect animals is to make it against the law to hunt endangered animals. ( )
4．Animal habitats protection can ensure that water and food supplies are safe.
( )
5．Human activities are closely related to animal protection. ( )
T
T
T
F
F
Step 4 过文意理解(听力填空)
Animal Protection
Make 1.________ We can make it against the law to hunt 2.___________ animals to ensure populations of these animals to 3._______.
Protect animal 4．__________ Creating well-planned and well-managed protected areas can guarantee water and food supplies are 5._____ and reduce the effect of human activities.
Raise the public Awareness of Animal Protection We should 6.__________ the whole public to make every effort to change our 7._____________ to protect wildlife.
laws
habitats
endangered
recover
safe
call on
behaviour
训练为重——能力提升多听说
Ⅰ.基础听力
听下面5段材料，回答第1至5题。
1．What does the man think of these hats
A．They are attractive but expensive.
B．They are lovely and cheap.
C．They aren't attractive but cheap.
2．What will the man have
A．A blood test.
B．A job interview.
C．A physical examination.
3．What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Colleagues.
C．Classmates.
4．When will the football program begin
A．At 9：30 p．m. B．At 8：25 p．m. C．At 7：00 p．m.
5．What club is Adam probably going to join
A．The Ballet Club.
B．The Nature Club.
C．The Volunteer Club.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Chinese tea culture.
B．Famous places in China.
C．Different kinds of tea in the world.
7．How does black tea taste according to the woman
A．Sweet. B．Heavy. C．Light.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where was the man born
A．In Philadelphia.
B．In Springfield.
C．In Kansas.
9．What did the man like doing when he was a child
A．Drawing. B．Traveling. C．Reading.
10．What inspires the man most in his work
A．Education. B．Family love. C．Nature.
答案：1～5 ACCAB 6～10 ABBAC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Look at these hats.Aren't they lovely
M: ①Yes, they are lovely, but the price is not lovely.
(Text 2)
W: Don't be nervous.②They will simply measure your height and weight and then take your blood pressure.
M: That doesn't sound too bad.I think I'm ready for it.
(Text 3)
W: ③I heard you got full marks in the math exam.Congratulations!
M: Thanks! ③I'm sure you also did a good job.
(Text 4)
M: Do you know what programs are on tonight
W: Yes.English Learning for Children is at 7：00.Science and Health is at 8：25.④And at 9：30 Star Sports: Women's Football is showing.
(Text 5)
W: Hi, Adam! Are you going to join the Ballet Club
M: No, ⑤I'm considering the Nature Club.Allan told me about the Volunteer Club, but I'm not into volunteering.
(Text 6)
M: ⑥I have found that Chinese people really enjoy drinking tea.
W: ⑥Yeah, tea is an important part of Chinese culture.
M: I know there are many kinds of tea, such as Longjing tea, Biluochun tea, and Oolong tea.
W: Yeah.Keemun black tea, Huangshan Maofeng tea, and Jasmine tea are also very famous.
M: How are they different from each other
W: They taste different because they are made differently.⑦Black tea is heavy, but green tea is light.
(Text 7)
W: Hello, everyone! Welcome to our program.Today, we are fortunate to have a special guest with us.Some of you may have heard of him before.He's an artist.His works have received many prizes and have been shown in over one hundred exhibitions across the country — Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, to name just a few.His name is Chris Cucksy.So Chris, tell us a bit about yourself.
M: Well, ⑧I was born in Springfield, Missouri, and grew up in Kansas.I didn't come from a family with wealth or position, but I did manage to get a master's degree in fine arts.
W: When did you first start to make art And what was the turning point in your life that made you an artist
M: ⑨I always liked drawing as early as I can remember, so right from then, I knew what I was going to be: an artist.
W: What is it that always inspires you to create
M: ⑩Nature is the biggest inspiration.I'm always inspired by things of beauty and harmony.
?加练新题型
听力填空(听下面一段材料，补全下面表格)
Tips to Stay Healthy During Challenging Times
Maintain a routine You will feel better and 1.__________ better when you follow a routine.
2.________ It is a treatment for depression and anxiety.You can certainly benefit mentally and physically from it.
Go outside Spending time in a 3.____________ environment appears to be an effective way to reduce stress.
Schedule 4．_____ time Do something you enjoy — 5.________, baking, or online shopping.
Exercise
fun
function
greener
reading
附：听力材料
Tips to Stay Healthy During Challenging Times
In the spirit of working from home and maintaining social distance, below are a few tips to help you stay healthy.
No.1 Maintain a routine
If you're working from home, make sure you get up at the same time every morning, have a shower, eat breakfast, and start your workday as you normally would.You'll feel better and function better when you follow a routine.
No.2 Exercise
Exercise is a treatment for depression and anxiety. You can certainly benefit mentally and physically from exercise and it can help prevent depression from developing.
No.3 Go outside
Walking or biking is an ideal outdoor activity.Research shows that spending time in a greener environment appears to be an effective way to reduce stress.
No.4 Schedule fun time
Make sure you do something you enjoy every single day, whether that be reading, baking, or online shopping.Watching too much TV might make you get bored and it won't help your brain to completely relax.
Hope the tips above can be helpful.
Ⅱ.根据情景补全对话
W: Here we are, deep in the forest.With me is Dr Mike Green.Dr Green, can you tell us a little about this wonderful place
M: Yes, of course. 1
W: Yes, there are some strange and beautiful plants everywhere. 2
M: Well, in just one square kilometer of the forest, you can find about one thousand five hundred different kinds of plants. 3
W: And there are hundreds of trees, too, aren't there
M: Yes, there are. 4
W: Really Now I'm sure the people listening to this program are interested in the living things in the forest!
M: 5 For example, you can find about four hundred different kinds of birds in just one square kilometer.
W: Really How interesting!
A．Well, the forest is full of living things.
B．How many different kinds of plants are there
C．As you can see, the forest is full of trees, birds and insects.
D．And many of those fifteen hundred kinds of plants don't grow in any other places in the world.
E．In fact, there are about seven hundred and fifty different kinds of trees in one square kilometer.
写作项目——Write an article calling for everyone to protect animals
本单元要求写一篇文章号召人们保护动物，即要求写一篇有关保护动物的倡议书。倡议书的写作目的是就某一提议呼吁人们积极响应，所以文章内容一定要交代清楚倡议活动的原因，以及各种背景事实，并表明发布倡议的目的，使读者理解和信服，从而自觉采取行动。
学常规写作范式
(一)提炼写作范式
(二)点拨写作要点
1．时态一般以现在时为主，根据具体内容，灵活使用将来时等时态。
2．开篇即简明扼要地提出现象或问题，可以使用一些描述事物或现象的固定句式来表达。
3．分析现象或问题时应注意表达的逻辑性和合理性，内容的表达上应多采用一些简洁且有感染力的词汇。
4．提出的建议要有针对性，注意详略得当，并使用一些表示逻辑顺序的词进行衔接。
学课文亮点表达
?学词句运用
文章第一段第一句中的“spring to mind”与第三句中的“brought ...close to ...”的运用使得表达效果生动形象，让人眼前一亮。如：
①When we think of creative people, the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, etc.
当我们想到有创造力的人时，列奥纳多·达·芬奇、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等人的名字可能会立刻涌入脑海。
②What a wonderful time we had！Not only did the activity give us relaxation, but also it brought us closer to nature.
我们度过了一段多么开心的时光！这次活动不但让我们获得放松，还让我们更加亲近大自然。
?学写作手法
文章第二段的第二、三、四句运用了排比的写作手法，这种手法能使所表达的内容语势增强，情感加深。试完成下面语段：
The Internet also serves as a new way of communication.①_______________
____________________________, especially a long distance call; ②____________
________________________; it is also much easier than a visit.
互联网也是一种新的交流方式。它比打电话便宜得多，特别是相对于长途电话；它比写信快得多，也比登门拜访容易得多。
It is much
cheaper than a telephone call
it is much
quicker than a letter
积素材充盈写作“语料库”
(一)背写作词汇
1．lovely/cute adj. 可爱的
2．endangered species 濒危物种
3．evolution n. 进化
4．habitat n. 栖息地
5．decrease v. 减少
6．extinct adj. 灭绝的
7．fur n. 皮毛
8．feather n. 羽毛
9．feed on 以……为食
10．a food chain 食物链
11．cruel adj. 残忍的
12．reserve n. 保护区
13．hunt v. 打猎
14．protection n. 保护
15．forbid vt. 禁止
16．conservation n. 保护
17．ecosystem n. 生态系统
18．in harmony with 与……和谐相处
(二)背写作佳句
1．常用开头句
(1)As we all know, with man destroying the natural environment, many animals are endangered.
众所周知，随着人类对自然环境的破坏，许多动物濒临灭绝。
(2)Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world.
信不信由你，目前世界上仅存几千只熊猫。
(3)It's amazing that there are merely less than 1,000 finless porpoises living in China.
令人吃惊的是中国只有不足1 000只江豚。
(4)Many wild animals are in danger of dying out.
很多野生动物有灭绝的危险。
(5)With World Animal Day coming near, what should we do to protect animals
随着世界动物日的临近，我们应该做些什么来保护动物？
2．常用中间句
(1)It's because of human activities that tigers are endangered.
正是因为人类活动，老虎才处于濒危的状态。
(2)In my opinion, measures must be taken to stop the illegal hunting of wild animals.
我认为，必须采取措施制止非法捕杀野生动物。
(3)The government has taken effective measures to protect them.
政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。
(4)Remember to turn off the water taps after finishing washing your clothes and turn off the lights when leaving the classroom.
记得洗完衣服后关掉水龙头，离开教室时关灯。
(5)Recycling is of great benefit to our planet because it makes litter into something that we can use again.
回收利用对我们的星球有很大的好处，因为它使垃圾变成我们可以再次利用的东西。
3．常用结束句
(1)People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals.
人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。
(2)Only in this way can we ensure the sustainable development of Mother Earth.Let's work together to build a harmonious ecology.
只有这样，我们才能保证地球母亲的可持续发展。让我们共同努力，构建和谐生态。
写作专项提能训练
Ⅰ.基础写作
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
Dear classmates，
As we can see, the environment around us 1.___________________________ (正变得越来越糟). Therefore, I'd like to 2.________________________________ (主张保护环境) not only for ourselves but also for our future.
is getting worse and worse
advocate protecting the environment
3．____________________________________(保护环境是我们的责任), and I think we can 4._______________________________________________ (养成一些保护环境的好习惯). To begin with, it is a good choice to go to school on foot or by bike.What's more, turn off the lights and other electrical appliances
5. _______________(在离开房间之前). In addition, never throw rubbish here and there.Last but not least, 6.____________________________________ (节约用水也非常重要)．
Only when everyone spares no effort to protect the environment 7._________ __________________________________(我们才能建设一个与自然和谐相处的社会). 8.__________________ (让我们共同努力) to make our planet better to live on!
Students' Union
It is our duty to protect the environment
develop some good habits of environmental protection
leaving the room
saving water is also of great importance
can we
build a society in harmony with nature
Let's work together
Ⅱ.读后续写(基础性)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为80左右。
Carrie loves April very much. In April, the cold and gray winter gradually gives way to a warm and colorful spring. The day becomes longer, and the night becomes shorter. Nature comes back to life after a long sleep. With the trees budding (发芽), it takes on a greener look every day. The birds fly back from the south, disturbing (打扰) the quietness in the woods and replacing it with their songs and chats. The air is heavy with the sweet of wild flowers.
Every afternoon, Carrie takes Simba, her little dog, to have a walk in the woods behind her house. One April afternoon, Carrie headed for the woods as usual, with Simba following cheerfully behind. A strong storm had just passed by, so the air smelt pleasantly fresher. Carrie noticed something different long before she reached the woods. It was silent. There were no birds singing and chatting. They might have decided to take a break in the storm and found shelter somewhere in the woods. “Are the birds waiting for a signal (信号) to start their activities again？” Carrie asked herself. But Carrie didn't mind the silence. She walked on, as light-hearted as before.
Soon, she and Simba were in the woods. The trees, flowers and grass were all wet with raindrops. Somehow, the sun rays managed to pass through the thick branches to fall on the raindrops, making them shine brightly on the leaves like small pearls. There was silence everywhere except the sound of the rising stream water running on hurriedly. How beautiful and calming the view was! The birds were still waiting for their signal, making no sound and staying out of sight. Carrie was fully enjoying herself in the woods when Simba was aware of something in the woods.
Suddenly, Simba began to bark at a tree not far away. This was the signal the birds were waiting for! They flew out of their hiding places in all directions. And as if to respond to Simba's barks, a bird let out a loud cry, followed by hundreds of other birds crying one after another. The quiet woods became alive with singing at once. Carrie followed Simba's bark to see what it was. On the branch of a tree stood a kitten (小猫咪), looking poor and lovely at the same time, with all its fur wet. There was a wound on its left front foot.
Carrie decided to help the frightened kitten get down the tree. _____________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Carrie decided to help the frightened kitten get down the tree. “Stop! Simba. You're scaring the poor kitten.” Hearing the words, the dog stopped barking, as if it had understood them. “It's trapped there because of the storm，” Carrie thought. She looked around, in search of a tool to help it. She noticed a big branch, picked it up and reached it towards the kitten. After some hesitation, the kitten got on the branch and Carrie put it safely on the ground. Carrie decided to take the poor kitten home and adopt it. Simba followed Carrie excitedly since he felt a new family member's join.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共44张PPT)
Project & Assessment & Further study—实践·注重应用评价
对接“单元活动”——让活动有效开展
本课时要求在小组合作中用英语来制作一本关于环境问题的小册子，从“原因”“后果”“控制方案”三个方面进行探究。
[活动“助手”]
讨论环境问题的常用佳句：
1．I believe if everyone is devoted to protecting the wetlands, the wetlands can be well preserved and we can enjoy a more harmonious environment.
我认为如果每个人都致力于保护湿地，湿地就能得到很好的保护，我们就能够享受更加和谐的环境。
2．Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost, making animals lose their homes to live in.
很多树木正在被砍伐，越来越多的森林消失，这使得动物们失去了它们赖以生存的家园。
3．We should plant trees every spring to protect the soil from being washed away.
我们应该每年春天种树，以保护土壤不被冲走。
4．I'd appreciate it if you could take my tips into account and I do hope that your paper will make a difference to environmental protection.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽，我的确希望你们的报纸将会对环境保护有所影响。
5．Effective measures must be taken to protect the environment from/against pollution.
必须采取有效措施保护环境免受污染。
6．Only when we form the good habit of environmental protection can we make the earth more beautiful tomorrow.
只有我们养成环保的好习惯，我们才能使地球的明天更加美丽。
[活动任务]
为了唤起青少年一代的环保意识，世界卫生组织向全球发起了“如何保护环境”的建议征集活动。请你以学校学生会主席的名义写一份倡议书，内容包括：
1．保护环境是我们中学生的职责；
2．保护环境的具体措施；
3．让我们都为地球母亲尽一份力。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．尽量使用到[活动“助手”]中的表达。
Dear friends，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Students' Union
参考范文：
Dear friends，
Do you want to live in a beautiful world So it is our duty to protect the environment.To reach this goal, we should keep the following in mind.
First, walking to school is a good way to reduce pollution.Second, we should plant trees every spring to protect the soil from being washed away.Finally, it's also important to recycle everything useful.We should keep our school clean by picking up any litter.In a word, only when we form the good habit of environmental protection can we make the earth more beautiful tomorrow.
Let's take action to protect our mother — the earth now.
Thank you!
Students' Union
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What worries the woman a lot
A．The demand of the job market.
B．The location of the hotel.
C．The damage to the environment.
2．Why does the man want to move
A．To be near his office.
B．To live in a bigger house.
C．To go to a good school.
3．What will the man probably do to stay warm
A．Use a blanket.
B．Turn on the heater.
C．Drink some hot chocolate.
4．Who has difficulty in learning English
A．Susan. B．Daming. C．Daming's brother.
5．What are the two speakers doing now
A．Waiting for someone at the airport.
B．Talking about their plan.
C．Booking tickets for their trip.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料， 回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation take place
A．In an office downtown.
B．In an apartment downtown.
C．In an apartment in the East End.
7．What does the man want to do now
A．Get to work.
B．Go to a restaurant.
C．Visit the woman's company.
听第7段材料， 回答第8、9题。
8．How does the man usually go to school
A．By bus. B．By car. C．By bicycle.
9．Why is the man against driving a car
A．It costs a large sum of money.
B．It does harm to the environment.
C．It causes inconvenience to people.
听第8段材料， 回答第10至12题。
10．Why did the woman call Mr Smith
A．To maintain the equipment.
B．To recommend a job.
C．To work as a lab assistant.
11．How did the Job Center get to know Smith
A．Smith called the center.
B．Smith emailed the center.
C．Smith went to the center before.
12．When will the man go to the center for details about the job
A．Tomorrow morning.
B．This morning.
C．Tomorrow afternoon.
听第9段材料， 回答第13至16题。
13．Why are many animals in danger according to the woman
A．The environment is seriously polluted.
B．Many animals are suffering from diseases.
C．There is not enough food for animals.
14．What is advised not to do when traveling abroad
A．Introduce new species.
B．Buy pets.
C．Buy skin coats.
15．What can people do in their neighborhoods
A．Call for new laws.
B．Look after homeless animals.
C．Make the environment cleaner.
16．How can people improve animals' living conditions in the zoos
A．By hiring more staff to look after them.
B．By building natural conditions.
C．By offering them more food.
听第10段材料， 回答第17至20题。
17．Who called Mike's friend on a Sunday morning
A．Mike. B．A taxi driver. C．His boss.
18．How did the taxi driver deliver the cellphone
A．He mailed it to Mike.
B．He handed it to Mike's friend.
C．He left it in the taxi centre.
19．How did Mike's friend get to the taxi centre
A．He got there on foot.
B．He took a taxi.
C．He drove there.
20．What would Mike do after getting the cellphone back
A．Search for the driver in the taxi centre.
B．Contribute to a newspaper in search of the driver.
C．Search for the driver by posting a blog.
答案：1～5 CBABA 6～10 CBCBB
11～15 BAACC 16～20 BBCAC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: ①I'm really concerned about this new hotel development. The first issue is that they'll have to cut down the trees in the area.
M: Yes, but I think that is unavoidable.Besides, think of all the jobs that it'll bring to the area.
(Text 2)
M: I'm thinking about moving out of my place.
W: How come Is it far from your workplace
M: No.With three kids growing up and reaching school age, ②my house is too small.
(Text 3)
M: It's very cold in here.I'm going to turn the heater on to warm this place up a little.
W: Why do you think I'm drinking hot chocolate ③Here, take this blanket.The heater isn't working right now.
(Text 4)
W: English is an easy language to learn.Don't you think so, ④Daming
M: ④I'm afraid it's difficult for me, Susan. But my brother is good at it.
(Text 5)
W: ⑤When did you say the plane would arrive
M: At a quarter past eleven.
W: ⑤Do you think you'll recognize Joe when you see him
M: I don't know.I haven't seen him since he was 7.Time flies.Now 9 years have passed.My nephew must have changed a lot.
(Text 6)
M: Wow! Nice place! I've never been to this part of town before.
W: Thanks.⑥This area's called the East End.It isn't very central, but I chose it because I could afford more space here.
M: Yeah, ⑥you have a whole extra room!
W: I know! I use it for work.
M: I thought you worked in an office downtown.
W: My company lets me work one day a week from home.
M: Lucky! You've got a great boss and a great apartment.I'm so happy for you! Let's celebrate! ⑦Let me take you to dinner.
(Text 7)
W: How do you usually get to school
M: ⑧I often ride my bike.Sometimes, I take the bus.What form of transport do you prefer to use
W: I have to say I have a special preference for car use.
M: I think we should discourage people from using their private cars.⑨They produce too much pollution!
W: I agree, but I would find it difficult to stop using my car.It's just so convenient.
M: Cars might be convenient, but they are so bad for the environment.
W: Maybe if I sold my car now, I wouldn't be so attracted to use it.
M: You could try.And you get a large sum of money from doing that.
(Text 8)
W: Hello! May I speak to Mr Smith, please
M: Speaking! Who's calling May I ask
W: This is the Job Center.⑩ We have received your email and there is a position which we think fit you well.A lab assistant is wanted in a college.
M: Can you tell me more about the job
W: Well.It's the kind of job you would like to do, as is mentioned in your email.
M: Yes, I did put that in my letter.
W: Yes.They also need someone who knows how to maintain the equipment.So we think you are just the right person for the job.
M: What about the pay and work hours
W: I am coming to that.The pay they have offered is satisfactory, but the work hours are a bit changeable.Sometimes early in the morning, sometimes late in the afternoon.
M: Well, I am interested in that.May I have some more details so that I can talk it over with my wife
W: Why don't you come over here at 10：00 a．m.tomorrow
M: OK, see you tomorrow then.Bye!
(Text 9)
M: Today our topic is Animals in Danger.We have Jenny Black from WWF with us.Jenny, what do you think of the way people treat animals
W: We're often cruel to animals.In fact, there are very few animals on our earth which are not in danger.
M: Yes.We all know how our earth has been polluted.
W: Well, if pollution is affecting our air and water, then all the animals are suffering.Cutting down trees to grow crops or build houses is another major reason.
M: So what do you think we can do about it
W: One important thing we can all do is to be more careful about the products we buy when we are abroad. Many countries are still selling skin coats and that kind of thing.If we stop buying these products, they will have to stop killing animals to produce them.
M: That's right.Well, is there anything we can do in our own neighborhoods
W: First, we can try to clean up our environment.Then if you notice anyone breaking environmental laws you must report them to the police.Also, if there is a zoo in your area, you can make sure that the animals are being well looked after.
M: Yeah. We should try to recreate the natural conditions as much as possible in the zoos.
W: That's true.
(Text 10)
One Sunday morning, I was dreaming of being asked to the office by the boss when I was woken up by a phone call. It was from a taxi driver.He told me he had my friend's cellphone. My friend, Mike, had left it in the taxi the night before. The driver called me according to the call records.
It was a raining morning.For taxi drivers in this big city it was a big time. I told him there was a taxi centre not far away from my home.He could take it there.Then I quickly jumped out of bed and got dressed. When I walked there in half an hour, the driver had gone away.He didn't leave anything except for the cellphone.
I was very happy for my friend.He moved to this city a few days ago, so I didn't get time to visit him and therefore didn't know where he was living.I emailed my friend telling him I had his phone.My friend was very excited to get back his cellphone. He said he would write it on his blog to search for the warm-hearted driver.
A: David, what do you see as the main problems with the environment
B: Well, in a nutshell, the most urgent problem of all is the climate.The world's climate 1._________________________ (似乎正在变得更暖). And at sometime in the future, the ice may melt completely.
A: It sounds very frightening.2.________________________________ (海洋动物处于危险中) when we don't take global warming seriously.
B: 3.___________________________ (我再同意不过了). It's scary!
seems to be getting warmer
Sea animals are in danger/at risk
I couldn't agree with you more
A: 4.___________________________________________ (阻止全球变暖非常重要) because it has a great effect on both humans and hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
B: You're absolutely right.Carbon dioxide is the gas that does most damage to the planet.But we can 5.________________________________________________ _____________(采取措施减少二氧化碳排放)．So we should call on people to pay close attention to global warming, and protect our environment.
Stopping global warming is of great importance
take measures to/make efforts to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions
1．What's the topic of the picture above
___________________________________________________
The topic of the picture above is about World Animal Day.
2．Can you say something about the measures taken to protect wildlife？(The answers may vary.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
First of all, we should forbid people to kill animals at random.Second, we should do all we can to protect animals' living environment.With their living environment destroyed, the animals will become extinct sooner or later.Third, we should try our best to make everyone realize the importance of protecting animals.In a way, protecting animals means protecting ourselves.
While nature lovers across the world wish all humans to realize the significance of their natural surroundings, many Australians are turning caring for the environment into a way of life. Julie Astonis, an Australian housewife in Brisbane is one such example. Even though autumn is approaching Australia's Brisbane in April, one can still watch colourful blooming (盛开的) flowers in Julie's little garden, as she tells that in her community, “Each of us has a beautiful yard. The whole community, from children to elderly people, takes care of the environment as if they are taking care of their own garden.”
“Gardening is the most popular club in our community，” she says. “ A lot of retired people don't just regularly organise gardening lectures, but also personally visit families in the community to provide gardening training. So you can see that flowers continue to blossom in our gardens throughout the year.”
Talking about her people's sense of care for the environment, Julie says when people in the community take along their dog, they always carry a garbage bag to deal with the dog's waste. “In our community, you will never experience the embarrassment of stepping on the dirty waste while you are walking on the grass，” says Julie with a smile. “Taking care of the dog's waste can also help to develop children's sense of responsibility！”
As for protecting water resources, the Australian government has made strict rules for families. Julie says, “We certainly would not use tap water to water the flowers！” She says almost every family in her community has a huge tank used to store rainwater, which is later used as the resource of all outdoor water use. They also connect the water tank with their toilets.
Questions：
1．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs
___________________________________________________
2．What is Julie's attitude towards her community
________________________________
Julie's community has a deep sense of caring for nature.
She takes pride in her community.
3．From what Julie says in the last paragraph, we know .
A．rainwater is not the best resource
B．her community owns a public tank
C．her community makes full use of resources
D．it is not necessary to water flowers very often
答案：C
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Love nature, the Australian way
B．How Australians save resources
C．How Australians lead their life
D．Protect nature, a must of life
答案：A
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
After dinner, Mrs Quimby told the family that Grandma, who lived on a farm, had sent in a lot of pumpkins for jack-o'-lanterns (空心南瓜灯) for the neighborhood children. There was one in the basement waiting to be carved, she added. Ramona sprang to her feet and dashed down to bring it up, but it was too heavy for a second-grader. Finally Mr Quimby gave a hand.
“Let's make it smile like last year，” exclaimed Ramona.
“Hmm. Let's see.” Mr Quimby studied the pumpkin, turning it to find the best side for the face. With a pencil he sketched (素描) a nose-shaped nose, not a triangle. Then the mouth turned up on both sides. “Smiling！” Ramona clapped her hands.Mr Quimby nodded with a smile, cut a circle around the top of the pumpkin and lifted it off for a lid. Without being asked, Ramona found a big spoon for scooping out the seeds. Picky-picky, the Quimbys' shabby old cat, came into the kitchen to see if something had been put in his dish. When he found that it had not, he paused, sniffed the pumpkin smell and angrily walked out with his tail twitching.
Mr Quimby began to whistle as he carved with skill and care, first a mouthful of teeth, each one neat and square, then eyes and eyebrows. He was working on two ears shaped like question marks when Mrs Quimby announced it was bedtime for Ramona. Unwillingly Ramona ran, took a shower and quickly returned. Now, Mr Quimby had just carved a few C-shaped curls (卷发) around the hole in the top of the pumpkin. He reached inside and dug a candle holder in the bottom.
“There，” he said, putting down his knife. “A work of art.” Mrs Quimby found a candle stub (残根), inserted it in the pumpkin, lit it and set the lid in place. Ramona turned off the light. The jack-o'-lantern was smiling with a flickering flame. “Wow！” Ramona threw her arms around her father before going to bed with great satisfaction.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
In the middle of the night, Ramona awoke to a noise.____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
On the table their jack-o'-lantern no longer had a whole face.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
In the middle of the night, Ramona awoke to a noise. Ramona turned on the light and jumped out of bed angrily. It turned out that the cat accidentally bumped the jack-o'-lantern to the floor while catching mice. It was broken. Looking at her beloved jack-o'-lantern lying on the floor, the candle in it went out, Ramona began to cry. Mr Quimby was also woken up, got up to comfort Ramona and helped her take the jack-o'-lantern to the table.
Paragraph 2：
On the table their jack-o'-lantern no longer had a whole face. Ramona continued to cry, and Dad decided to carve the pumpkin again. He picked up the knife and carved along the incomplete face of the pumpkin. The incomplete face became funnier, and the lantern laughed more brightly. Dad said, “Ramona, don't cry. Look at your pumpkin lantern. It's alive again.” Ramona dried her tears and smiled with greater satisfaction.
“单元验收评价（一）单元语基温故”
(单击进入电子文档)
“单元验收评价（二）仿真高考检测”
(单击进入电子文档)(共84张PPT)
Reading—读思·发展思维品质
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．soil n． 土壤；国土，领土，土地
2．biodiversity n. 生物多样性
3．nut n. 坚果
4．towering adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的
5．hardwood n. 阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)
6．frog n. 蛙，青蛙
7．insect n. 昆虫
8．microorganism n. 微生物
9．nutrient n. 营养素，营养物
10．carbon n. 碳
11．oxygen n. 氧，氧气
12．cattle n. 牛
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．__________adj. 海外的，国外的
adv. 在海外，向国外
2．__________ n. 地区，区域；行政区
3．________ num. 一百万；许多，大量
4．_______ n．(pl.species) 种，物种
5．_________ n. 野生动植物，野生生物
6．_________ prep. 在……下面，在……下方；配不上
overseas
region
million
species
wildlife
beneath
7．_______ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群
adj. 大批的，广泛的
8．_______ adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的
n. 生计，谋生；生活方式
9．_______ adv. 因此，从而；这样
10．_______ n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
vi.& vt. 有影响；冲击
11．_______ vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
12．_________ n. 气候；倾向，风气
mass
living
thus
impact
damage
climate
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．______ n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的；导致损害的
2．__________ n．大陆，陆地，洲→continental adj.大陆的；大洲的
3．_______ n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen v．使延 长，加长→long adj.长的；长时间的
4．__________ n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various adj.各种各样的→vary v．不同，相异
5．_________ vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存，生存 →survivor n．幸存者；生还者
harm
continent
length
variety
survive
6．_____________ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失；失踪
7．___________ n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的
8．__________ n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1．____________ 给……带来/造成危害
2．___________ 砍倒
3．___________ 各种各样的；大量的
disappear
agriculture
extinction
do harm to
cut down
a variety of
4．_________ 以……为食
5．________ 相应地，转而
6．___________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
7．______________ 给……带来起色，注入活力
8．________ 由于，因为
9．____________ 是……的栖息地
10．___________ 逐渐增加，扩大
feed on
in turn
break down
breathe life into
due to
be home to
build up
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length ...(“介词＋which”引导的定语从句)
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米……
写佳句 (2022·全国甲卷)Oceans are important to us, ________________
_____________________________.
海洋对我们很重要，从海洋中我们获取了丰富的资源和食物。
from which we get
abundant resources and food
悟原句 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(方位介词位于句首的全部倒装句)
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
写佳句 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)_______________________________ about the coming show.
这是关于即将播出的节目的一些相关细节。
2.
Here are some relevant details
悟原句 While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.(while引导让步状语从句)
尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
写佳句 ________________________, many students gave me loud applause at the end of my speech.
虽然我感到很紧张，但在演讲结束时，许多学生给了我热烈的掌声。
3.
While I felt very nervous
第一遍 泛读通文意
The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure
Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.This is the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this
forest's food chain.They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen. Thus, it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
[参考译文]
亚马孙雨林：大自然的宝藏
欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音。这里是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。这条河从高山流向海洋，沿途维系着多种不同的生态系统。它们赋予这片区域地球上最丰富的生物多样性：全世界十分之一的已知物种，都可以在这里找到。
[句式释解]
句 本句中的“is more than half the size of China”为倍数表达法。
句 “介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River，在从句中作from 的宾语。
在人类已知的390 000种植物物种中，在亚马孙可以找到40 000多种。这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出的坚果我们可以食用；这些睡莲(叶片)大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。最底层是地下的根系。往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由低矮的阔叶植物组成。然后是高耸、古老的阔叶树，最后是那些离地数米之高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都自成一个小世界，成为各种生物的家园。
[句式释解]
句 known to us 为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the 390,000 plant species。
句 表示方位的介词位于句首引起的全部倒装句。
1 300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。这只美洲豹就是个例子。它黄棕色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。它们捕食的物种至少有87种，其中包括青蛙。相应地，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
[句式释解]
句 此处While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
句 which引导定语从句，修饰先行词insects，在从句中作主语。
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳，并生成占全球总量20%以上的氧气，来为地球注入活力。因此，它也常常被称作“地球之肺”。此外，亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。然而，这些无可取代的动植物面临的一个主要威胁就是：我们。在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
[句式释解]
句 that can be used for food or medicine为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 species， that 在从句中作主语。
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
What is the main idea of the text
A．The Amazon rainforest is the “lungs of the planet”．
B．The Amazon rainforest is a world of varieties of wildlife.
C．The Amazon rainforest keeps fine balance of ecosystem.
D．The Amazon rainforest has the richest biodiversity.
答案：C
阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目
1.文意的理解
How does the author lead in the topic of the documentary script
A．By making a definition.
B．By giving examples.
C．By creating scenes.
D．By making comparisons.
答案：C
2. 表达的技巧
(1)第1～2行中使用了“a huge sea of”和“alive with”，这两个短语形象生动地表达出亚马孙雨林的绿意葱葱和生机勃勃，增加了文章的生动性。试完成下列句子：
①He looked down and saw ___________smiling faces.
他往下看，看到一片笑脸。
②The pond was _____________frogs.
池塘里满是青蛙。
a sea of
alive with
(2)第10行中使用了“more than half the size of China”这一倍数表达法，运用作比较的写作手法清楚明了地描述出亚马孙雨林的面积。试完成下面的句子：
____________________________present at the concert were moved to tears by the excellent performance.
有一半以上出席音乐会的人被出色的表演感动得流下了眼泪。
More than half of the people
阅读文章第三段，完成下列题目
1.文意的理解
How many known species in the world can be found in the Amazon rainforest
A．About one in five. B．About one in six.
C．About one in eight. D．About one in ten.
答案：D
2. 表达的技巧
(1)第18～19行中使用了列数字的手法介绍了亚马孙雨林中物种的多样性。同时，该句中使用了过去分词短语known to us作名词短语the 390,000 plant species的后置定语。这一表达方式为写作中的高级表达，是写作的增分之处。试用过去分词短语作定语完成下面的句子：
The book _____________________is written by a famous writer.
这本为公众所熟知的书是由一位著名作家所写。
known to the public
(2)第22行中使用了“unbelievable”这一形容词，进一步描写出亚马孙雨林物种的多样性。形容词的灵活运用可以增加文章的生动性，使表达更有说服力。试用所给词的正确形式填空：
It is _______________(believe) that we humans should make such great progress in this field in so short a time.
unbelievable
阅读文章第四段，完成下列题目
1.文意的理解
(1)Why are the jaguars able to survive
____________________________________
(2)What helps break down a jaguar's body after its death
A．A large number of microorganisms.
B．The nutrients of the earth.
C．A variety of insects.
D．A kind of frog.
答案：A
They have a wide variety of food.
2. 表达的技巧
(1)本段以美洲豹为例，使用举例子的写作手法介绍了亚马孙雨林为生物提供了 生存环境。
(2)第34～35行中使用了while引导的让步状语从句，为写作中的高级表达、亮点句式。试完成下面的句子：
_____________________________after a day's study, it is worthwhile to try my best to pursue my ideal.
尽管经过一天的学习后，我总是觉得很累，但尽我最大的努力去追求自己的理想是值得的。
While I always feel exhausted
阅读文章第五段，完成下列题目
1.文意的理解
Which is one of the major dangers to species in the Amazon rainforest
A．Agriculture. B．Cattle farming.
C．Human activities. D．Carbon and oxygen.
答案：C
2. 表达的技巧
(1)第43～44行中使用了比喻的修辞手法，将亚马孙雨林比作“地球之肺”。
(2)第44行中使用了moreover这一衔接词，来补充说明亚马孙雨林的重要性。在写作中可以适当地添加此类衔接词，以使行文连贯。试完成下面的句子：
Riding bikes is a good exercise, and___________, it is easy to learn.
骑自行车是一种很好的锻炼方式，而且还容易学。
(3)第53～54行以提问的方式来进一步引起读者的注意，唤醒读者保护亚马孙雨林的意识。
moreover
本文的写作结构为“总—分—总”结构。第一段开门见山，点出了文章的主题：亚马孙雨林；第二段介绍了亚马孙雨林的基本信息；第三段重点介绍了雨林中的植物和雨林分层；第四段介绍了雨林中的动物及食物链；第五段讲述了“地球之肺”的作用以及面临的危险。
阅读技巧：对于“总—分—总”结构的文章，在阅读时应首先关注文章首段，因为这是全篇主旨大意所在段，这样做能够让我们迅速捕捉到文章的主旨大意，进而提高阅读能力和解题速度。
本文通过对亚马孙雨林的介绍，让学生认识到亚马孙雨林对于保持地球生态平衡的重要性，引导学生思考损害“地球之肺”的后果人类能否承担，由此让学生树立环保意识。阅读下列句子，感悟保护环境的意义：
1．If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上许多动植物将会消失。
2．With the fast development of human society, the environment is seriously destroyed and wild animals have lost their habitats.
随着人类社会的快速发展，环境遭到严重破坏，野生动物失去了它们的栖息地。
3．Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.
我们只有改变对待环境的方式，才能和它好好相处。我们只有拯救环境，才能拯救自己。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成巨大伤害。
★harm n．& vt.伤害，损害
[用法感知]
①This object gives off harmful gases which may do harm to our health. You must make the object harmless before you use it.
这种物体会散发出有害气体，这些气体可能会损害我们的健康，你必须在使用它之前使它无害。
②As we all know, smoking does great harm to people's health.
众所周知，吸烟对人们的健康非常有害。
③There is no harm in asking when you can't understand them.
当你不能理解它们时，问一下是没有坏处的。
(1)do/cause harm to ... 有害于……， 对……造成损害
There is no harm in doing sth.
＝It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有坏处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to ... 对……有害
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (一句多译)
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。
④As we all know, watching violence on TV really_________________.(harm vt.)
⑤As we all know, watching violence on TV really__________________________ .
(harm n．)
⑥As we all know, watching violence on TV __really______________________.
(harmful adj.)
harms children
does/causes harm to children
is
harmful to children
2．The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。
★variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)It is our duty that everyone should try hard to fight against varieties of pollution.
每个人都应该努力与各种污染作斗争，这是我们的责任。
②There will be a wide variety of activities to celebrate this unforgettable occasion.
将有各种各样的活动来庆祝这个难忘的时刻。
③The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
研究小组由年龄从10岁到15岁不等的学生组成。
(1)a variety of ＝ varieties of 各种各样的
(2)vary v． (使)变化；不同
vary from ...to ... 从……到……不等；
在……到……之间变动
vary with ... 随着……而变化
vary in ... 在……方面不同/变化
(3)various adj. 不同的，各种各样的(一般用于名词前)
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④Changes in price normally vary ________changes of supply and need.
⑤Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary ______character.
⑥I recommend the capital city, Beijing, to you, for it is an amazing city with a long history and _____________________________places of interest.
我向你推荐首都北京，因为它是一座历史悠久、拥有众多名胜古迹的神奇城市。
(2)词汇升级
⑦Now, through various media, everyone is more aware of environmental and development issues there. ___________
with
in
various/a variety of/varieties of
a variety of
3．While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链上的一环。
★survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难
[用法感知]
①I don't know how you all manage to survive on your small salary.
我不知道你们是怎么靠微薄的薪水维持生计的。
②After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
那天晚上我们活下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
③She survived her husband by ten years.
她比她丈夫多活了十年。
归纳点拨 (1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师点津 survive 表示“幸免于难”时，是及物动词，其后不需要加介词in, from等。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Using a cave as shelter, the two men survived ____wild berries and raw fish.
⑤________ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
⑥For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for __________(survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦The tradition of paper-cutting, especially during the Spring Festival, has existed in China for thousands of years. ___________
on
Survivors
survival
survived
4．These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地，这些青蛙的食物，是以树叶和水果为食的昆虫。
★in turn 相应的，转而
[用法感知]
①People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, which in turn creates more problems.
人们想要通过使用私家车来避免交通延误，这反而造成了更多的问题。
②The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.
两个女儿轮流照顾生病的母亲。
③Now that we have finished the design, it is in their turn to construct.
既然我们已经完成了设计，就轮到他们来施工了。
in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
by turns 轮流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It turns/turned out that ... 结果是……
in return 作为回应；作为回报
in return for 作为对……的回报/回应
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (完成句子)
④The theory is based on practice and__________________________.
理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。
⑤All the schools ___________________the sports meet every year.
所有学校每年轮流举办运动会。
⑥He treated us to a big meal _________________our assistance.
他请我们吃了一顿大餐，以回报我们的帮助。
in turn serves practice
take turns to hold
in return for
5．When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
美洲豹死后，一小支微生物军队会助力其尸体的分解，让营养素重回土壤之中。
★break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents.
交流有助于消除年轻人和他们父母之间的隔阂。
②It is bad manners to break in when people are having a conversation.
当人们在谈话的时候，打断别人是不礼貌的。
归纳点拨 break in 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴
break into 闯入，破门而入
break out 爆发，突然发生
break through 突破；克服，战胜
break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱
break off 中断；折断
轻巧识记
[应用融会]
(1)写出下列句中加黑部分的含义
③The printing machines are always breaking down. _____________
④Food is broken down in the stomach. ______
⑤His health broke down because he had been working too hard. _________
⑥The talks between the two sides have broken down. _____________
⑦It takes a long time to break down prejudices. _________
(机器)出故障
分解
(身体)垮掉
(谈判)失败
消除
(2)单句语法填空
⑧Mother broke _______my room and told me not to stay up or I would break
_________.
⑨I was still sleeping when the fire broke_____, and then it spread quickly.
⑩Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break _______from all of my friends and never contact them.
into
down
out
away
6．Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。
★due to由于，因为(to是介词)
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Failure is due to the neglect of the fine place, the success of the small.
失败源于忽视细节，成功始于重视小事。
②Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
不是你就是你的一个学生要参加定于明天的会议。
③The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.
这项工程由于缺乏政府的资金支持而不得不中止。
归纳点拨 be due to do sth.预计/预期做某事(to为不定式符号)
be due to sb. 应付给/应给予某人(to为介词)
be due for sth. 应用某物；应得到某物
联想发散 表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of；because of; as a result of等。
[应用融会]
(1)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
④Because of my English teacher's help, my English scores are always on the top of my class. ___________
(2)完成句子
⑤The company's problems ____________the poor management.
这家公司的问题是由于管理不善造成的。
⑥She _________________her studies and graduate later this year.
她预计今年晚些时候就要完成学业并毕业了。
⑦(2021·全国乙卷)________________________________________, we can take advantage of various online programs for further study.
由于互联网的快速发展，我们可以利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习。
Due to
are due to
is due to complete
Due to the rapid development of the Internet
7．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？
随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？
★impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
[用法感知]
①150 experts have discussed the impact of human activities on the atmosphere.
150位专家讨论了人类活动对大气的影响。
②(以文化人助写作)Reading has an impact on the way we see the world.
阅读影响我们看待世界的方式。
③The invention and application of the Internet impact on all aspects of people's life.
互联网的发明和应用影响了人们生活的各个方面
(1)have/make an impact on/upon sth./sb. 对某物/某人有影响
(2)impact on/upon ... 对……有影响/作用
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Different cultural settings impact __________consumers' decision-making styles.
⑤They say they expect the meeting to have ____great impact on the future of the
country.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥After the winter vacation, we couldn't return to school due to the impact of
the epidemic. _________________
on/upon
a
effect/influence
8．... it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.
……土壤很难积累足够的养分。
★build up逐渐增加，扩大；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)By participating in such activities, we built up our strength, improved our skills and strengthened our sense of cooperation.
通过参加这些活动，我们强健了体魄，提高了技能，增强了合作意识。
pick up 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载； (情况)好转
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间或空间)
make up 编造；组成；化妆
break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)写出下列句中加黑部分的含义
②To learn a language well, you must build up useful vocabularies. ______
③His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching. ___________
④Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused, but also builds up their strength. ______________
⑤Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles. ________
积累
逐渐增强
增强……的体质
建立
(2)完成句子
⑥In China, the shape of dumplings is like jinyuanbao, a kind of money, which symbolizes that ___________________________next year.
在中国，饺子的形状就像“金元宝”——一种货币， 它象征着你的财富将在来年越积越多。
⑦It didn't take me long to___________________________________________.
我很快就学会了这门语言的基本知识。
your wealth will build up
pick up the basic knowledge of the language
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length ...
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米……
[归纳点拨]
本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。from which the rainforest gets its name 是由“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，which指代先行词The Amazon River，在从句中作宾语。“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时要注意以下几点：
(1)在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词一般用whom(先行词指人)或which(先行词指物)。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that代替which，用who代替whom，也可省略关系代词。
(3)介词的确定要遵循三点原则：①根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；②根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；③根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
(4)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词＋关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where, why互换。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
①He borrowed a book the other day, ______________________is a worker.
那天他借了一本书，书的作者是一名工人。
②Thank you for your help, _________________we could not have finished the work on time.
感谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
③They arrived at a house, __________________sat a little boy.
他们到了一所房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。
④He is a famous singer, ____________we are proud.
他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。
the author of which
without which
in front of which
of whom
2．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
[归纳点拨]
本句是表示方位的介词置于句首时引起的全部倒装句。
(1)表示时间(now, then等)、方向或方位的副词(here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, inside, outside等)，以及表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用全部倒装。
(2)上述情况中，若主语为人称代词，而不是名词时，则主谓语序不变。如：
There he comes.
他来了。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
①At the foot of the hill ________(stand) a high building with some trees around it.
②Walking at the head of the line ________(be) our teacher.
③Present at the press conference ________(be) the journalists from all over the world.
(2)句型转换(用倒装句)
④A few high buildings stand inside our school.
→______________________ a few high buildings.
⑤My friend Jim was among them.
→_____________________ my friend Jim.
stands
is/was
are/were
Inside our school stand
Among them was
第三板块 拓展语言技能——握规律
文中出现了unbelievable, disappear, irreplaceable, non-smoking等词。这些词是由否定前缀un-，dis-，ir-/in-/im-/il-，non-构成。这些否定前缀主要放于名词、形容词、副词前来构成它们的反义词，意为“未，不，无”等。
1．un-主要放于名词、形容词、副词前来构成它们的反义词，意为“未，不， 无”等，以un-为否定前缀的词有：
important→unimportant 不重要的
comfortable→uncomfortable 不舒服的
friendly→unfriendly 不友好的
employment→unemployment 失业
luckily→unluckily 不幸地
2．dis-主要加在名词、形容词、动词之前，意为“不，无”等，以dis-为否定前缀的词有：
advantage→disadvantage 缺点
honest→dishonest 不诚实的
agree→disagree 不同意
like→dislike 不喜欢
appear→disappear 消失
3．ir-放在以r开头的单词之前，意为“不”，以ir-为否定前缀的词有：
regular→irregular 不规则的；无规律的
resistable→irresistable 不可抵抗的
relevant→irrelevant 无关紧要的，不相关的
4．in-常加在形容词、名词之前，意为“不，无”，以in-为否定前缀的词有：
correct→incorrect 不正确的
ability→inability 无能，无力
accurate→inaccurate 不准确的
5．im-加在以字母m，b，p开头的单词之前，意为“不”，以im-为否定前缀的 词有：
possible→impossible 不可能的
polite→impolite 不礼貌的
moral→immoral 不道德的
6．il-主要加在以l开头的单词之前，意为“非，不”，以il-为否定前缀的词有：
legal→illegal 非法的
logical→illogical 不合逻辑的
7．non-加在形容词、名词之前，意为“不”，以non-为否定前缀的词有：
existence→non-existence 不存在
stop→non-stop 不停的
[对点训练] (用括号内单词的反义词的适当形式填空)
①Her nervousness quickly _____________(appear) once she was on stage.
②There is an ____________(regular) rain in Sahara desert every year.
③The shoes are so small that they are __________________(comfortable) to wear.
④If someone does not show good manners to others, he is ___________(polite)．
⑤Jim is so _____________(honest) a man that no one believes him.
⑥It's ____________(friendly) of him to say such rude words to his classmates.
⑦This argument sounds reasonable, but actually it's ____________(correct)．
⑧Parents should realize that it's __________(legal) to read their children's letters without permission.
disappeared
irregular
uncomfortable
impolite
dishonest
unfriendly
incorrect
illegal
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Some environmentalists urged that the government take effective measures to conserve the _________(野生动植物)．
2．There are many __________(海外的) students now coming to China to study Chinese.
3．Ancient historians wrote of a lost ___________(大陆) beneath the ocean.
4．Many young farmers have come to big cities to make a ________(谋生)．
5．It has been suggested that __________(哺乳动物) took over from dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
6．You'd better water the plant regularly, never letting the ______(土壤) dry out.
wildlife
overseas
continent
living
mammals
soil
7．For most of the year, we have a dry __________(气候) in Beijing.
8．Plants draw minerals and other __________(营养素) from the soil to grow.
9．The world's tropical forests are ______________(消失) at an even faster rate than experts had thought.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It's apparently rare for anyone to have two legs of the same ________(long)．
2．2,000 of France's 4,200 ________(species) of flowering plants are found in the park.
3．Our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and above all ____________(vary)．
climate
nutrients
disappearing
length
species
variety
4．Exceptionally dry weather over the past year has cut ______________(agriculture) production.
5．We're concerned about the impact that smartphones have ____how we live and how we work.
6．An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from ______________(extinct)．
7．The earthquake caused damage ____property estimated at $6 million.
8．Her work has given pleasure to _________(million) of readers.
9．Westminster Abbey ___________(tower) in the distance there provides a fascinating view.
10．The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no __________
(survive)．
agricultural
on
extinction
to
millions
towering
survivors
do harm to， cut down， a variety of， feed on， in turn， break down， breathe life into， be home to， build up， due to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．They ordered that for every tree___________, two more should be planted.
2．Increased production will,_________, lead to increased profits.
3．The entrepreneur's success was largely __________his excellent judgment.
4．This country _______________more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.
5．We must tell more people how important rainforests are so that they will stop ____________________them.
cut down
in turn
due to
is home to
doing harm to
6．It is the readers who _______________a newspaper with their letters.
7．The aim of those activities is to help students _________confidence to speak English in public.
8．It is known that animals like tigers which _________meat belong to meat-eating animals.
9．When food waste _______________in a landfill, it produces greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming.
10．He left school, and tried his hand at ____________jobs — bricklayer, cinema usher, coal man, etc.
breathe life into
build up
feed on
breaks down
a variety of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．__________________________ a tall tree with a history of over 1,000 years, which is protected by the government now.
在我们的房子前面有一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。
2．_______________________, I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。
3．One may make progress in his English studying ______________________
________.
一个人可以通过多听多讲英语使他的成绩得到提高。
4．I know people's strength changes__________________.
我知道人们的体力会随着年龄的增长而变化。
In front of our house stands
While I am willing to help
by listening and speaking
more
as they get older
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The Amazon rainforest，the largest rainforest in the world，crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent.It covers 1.____ area of around 6 million square kilometres.It is named after the Amazon River, 2._______ is close to 6,400 kilometres in length. The river 3.________ (support) many different ecosystems, which give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
There are 4.__________ (vary) plants in the Amazon rainforest.Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, over 40,000 can be found there.The forest's different levels support an 5.____________ (believe) variety of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
an
which
supports
various
unbelievable
There are more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals living in this forest.This jaguar is one example.When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break 6._______ its body and return the 7._________ (nutrient) to the earth.
The Amazon rainforest is not only home to numerous species of animals and plants but also known as the “lungs of the planet”， because it breathes life 8.______ the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.But over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest 9.______________ (disappear) due to human activities.And more and more species are also in danger of 10.__________ (extinct). It is time for us to do something to protect it.
down
nutrients
into
has disappeared
extinction
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共15张PPT)
Welcome to the unit—开篇·把握单元目标
单元素养解读
一、语言能力
听 1.学唱英文歌曲，体验英语的语音语调，培养口语表达能力；
2.听有关亚马孙雨林的纪录片的课文录音，培养从听力中获取关键信息的能力，有选择性地记录所需信息，如亚马孙雨林的地理位置、特征和重要性等等。
说 1.能就环境保护和动物保护话题，用英语表达自己的观点；
2.明白倡议书的具体要求，就“动物保护”这一话题展开讨论，为写作做好准备。
读 1.从纪录片脚本中提取主题句，把握篇章结构，获取关键数据信息，理解亚马孙雨林的重要性和环保对人类的重大意义；
2.从电视访谈类节目脚本中，获取各方观点和论据，培养思辨能力。
写 1.学会使用作比较来让抽象的数据具象化；
2.能运用已知信息，为校报写一篇号召人们保护动物的文章。
看 观看有关动物保护的视频，并理解视频中的画面、图像、声音、符号、色彩等非文字信息所传达的意义，培养动物保护意识。
续表
二、文化意识
1．了解亚马孙雨林对于保护地球生态平衡的重要性；
2．培养环境和动物保护意识；
3．思考经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。
三、思维品质
能够根据节目脚本的语篇类型和特点，通过比较、分析，准确获取语篇中有关环境和动物保护的相关信息，强化对语篇的解读，加强对语篇的深层理解，并在此基础上联系实际，有逻辑地呼吁人们保护环境和动物，实现知识与思维能力的迁移。
四、学习能力
1．根据学习内容和学习重点，合理制订学习计划，科学安排预习和复习；
2．通过互联网获取更多与单元话题相关的信息，扩充学习资源；
3．在小组讨论等合作学习活动中采用解释或手势等方式克服交际中的语言障碍， 维持交际顺利进行。
教材名言 Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature.For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us. —Friedrich Engels
深意解读 该名言出自恩格斯，意为“但是我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都对我们进行报复。”这句话意在告诫我们：人类要和自然和谐相处。
文化微语 弗里德里希·恩格斯是德国哲学家、革命导师，和马克思共同撰写了《共产党宣言》，共同创立了科学共产主义理论；参加了第一国际的领导工作。本文的名言选自他的《劳动在从猿到人转变过程中的作用》一文。
教材名言赏析
?名言警句拓展
1．Protecting the environment is every man's responsibility. —Victor Hugo
保护环境是每一个人的责任。 ——维克多·雨果
2．Every field of nature is wonderful. —Aristotle
大自然的每一个领域都是美妙绝伦的。 ——亚里士多德
3．If we don't save water, the last drop of water will be our teardrop.
如果我们不节约用水，那么最后一滴水将会是我们的眼泪。
多读时鲜美文
Amazon fires: global warming and lasting harm
Huge areas of the Amazon, which serves as the lungs of the planet by taking in carbon dioxide and producing oxygen, are burning.Smoke from the widespread fires have turned day into night in Sao Paulo.The fires have covered the Brazilian city of San Paulo in dark smoke, and raised concerns about the rainforest, which is one of the most biologically diverse regions on earth.
The recent Amazon fires have been widespread and some happened rather suddenly.Farmers cleared land for agriculture and also burned areas of rainforest for further development.Cleared rainforests in this region are typically used for cattle farming and growing soybeans, and much of the land-clearing is done illegally.①One contributing factor to the fires in the Amazon is the fact that it is the dry season there, the time of year when wildfires tend to break out from human activities, either intentionally or by accident.
The Amazon, which spans 2.12 million square miles, sucks up about a quarter of the 2.4 billion metric and 57 tons of carbon that global forests absorb each year.However, the ability of the rainforest to pull in more carbon than it releases is diminishing, weakened by changing weather patterns, deforestation and increasing tree mortality (死亡率), among other factors.
The Amazon, which spans 2.12 million square miles, sucks up about a quarter of the 2.4 billion metric and 57 tons of carbon that global forests absorb each year.However, the ability of the rainforest to pull in more carbon than it releases is diminishing, weakened by changing weather patterns, deforestation and increasing tree mortality (死亡率), among other factors.
According to the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service, the fires have led to a clear increase in carbon monoxide emissions as well as planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions, posing a threat to human health and aggravating global warming.
②If the Amazon were to turn into a consistent net source of carbon emissions, it would accelerate global warming while also leading to a huge loss in species that are not found anywhere else on earth.
生僻 词汇 ①widespread /'wa dspred/adj. 分布广的，普遍的
②diverse /da 'v s/adj. 不同的，相异的，多种多样的
③typically /'t p kli/adv. 通常，一般；典型地，
具有代表性地
④illegally / 'li ɡ li/adv. 非法地，不合法地
⑤intentionally / n'ten n li/adv. 故意地；有意地
⑥span /sp n/v. 贯穿，横跨，跨越
⑦deforestation / di f r 'ste n/ n. 毁林，滥伐森林
⑧pose /p z/v. 造成(威胁、问题等)，引起，产生
?读后积累
常用词汇 ①serve as 充当
②take in 吸收
③break out 爆发
④by accident 意外地
⑤suck up 吸收
⑥lead to 导致
长难句式 ①One contributing factor to the fires in the Amazon is the fact that it is the dry season there, the time of year when wildfires tend to break out from human activities, either intentionally or by accident.
分析：该句含有that引导的同位语从句，对fact进行解释和说明；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the time of year。
译文：亚马孙雨林火灾的一个促成因素是那里正是旱季，每年的这个时候人类活动常会有意或无意地引发野火。
②If the Amazon were to turn into a consistent net source of carbon emissions, it would accelerate global warming while also leading to a huge loss in species that are not found anywhere else on earth.
分析：该句是if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对将来的假设。
译文：如果亚马孙河流域成为一个稳定的净碳排放源，它将加速全球变暖，同时也会导致地球上其他任何地方都找不到的物种的巨大损失。
