(共58张PPT)
Extended reading—乐读·浸润学科素养
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．Roman adj. 古罗马的；罗马的
n. 古罗马人；罗马人
2．bar n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍
vt. 封；阻挡；阻止
3．port n. 港口，避风港；港口城市
4．cloud-capped adj. 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的
5．volcano n. 火山
6．trunk n. 树干
7．pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型
8．column n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．__________ vt. 使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到
2．____________ n. 目的地，终点
3．________ n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽
vi. 开始；开始清楚
unearth
destination
dawn
4．_______ adv. 在(或向)较远处，在另一边
prep. 在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外
5．______ n．&vt. 救援，营救，抢救
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．______ vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．(火山的)爆发；喷发
2．_______ n．出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出→________ n．进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进
3．____________ adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bear v．忍受→bearable adj.可忍受的； 能应付的
beyond
rescue
erupt
export
import
unbearable
4．__________ n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的；疏远的
5．________ adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；使尖锐；变锋利→sharpener n．卷笔刀；磨具
6．________ vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)→located adj.位于； 坐落在→location n．位置
7．________ vi.& vt.退休，退职→retirement n．退休→retired adj.退休的
distance
sharp
locate
retire
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1．_____________ 与……一起
2．______________ 向四面八方
3．______________ 呈现……的形状；
采取……的形式
4．___________ 突然开始，爆发
5．_____________ 在远处
6．___________ 到处，各处
along with
in all directions
take the form of
break out
in the distance
far and wide
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.(感官动词＋宾语＋宾补)
人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The farm was lined with orange trees, and
___________________________________________________________.
农场里是一排排的橘子树，我们看见树枝上挂着许多橘子。
we saw many oranges hanging from the branches
悟原句 So came the earthquake ...and so ended life in Pompeii.(全部倒装)
这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
写佳句 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Equally attractive ____________on how to learn English, which are of great significance to my English study.
同样吸引人的是关于如何学习英语的建议，这对我的英语学习意义重大。
2.
are the tips
悟原句 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors.(方式状语从句的省略)
它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。
写佳句 The boy is running impatiently here and there____________________
__________________.
男孩不耐烦地跑来跑去，好像在找什么东西似的。
3.
as if searching for
something
第一遍 泛读通文意
The Last Days of Pompeii
(Excerpt)
Edward Bulwer Lytton (1803－1873)was a talented British writer who left his mark on the English language. His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79， when Mount Vesuvius erupted. This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages. Since 1748， Pompeii has been systematically unearthed. Today it is an international tourist destination.
Pompeii was a typical Roman city. In its little shops, its tiny palaces, its forum, its wine bars, its theatre — in the energy and skill of its people, you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire. Trading ships bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas, along with golden pleasure boats for the rich, were crowded together in the glassy water of the port. The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions. Above all, the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius appeared. Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
The awful night rolled slowly away, and the dawn greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII! The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano. It took the form of a huge tree: the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire! This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment: now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red, and now again it burnt with an unbearable light!
The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent. At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. A moment later, the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; at the same time, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! Over the empty streets — over the forum — far and wide — with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea — fell that awful shower!
Each turned to fly — each running, pressing, pushing against the other. If, in the darkness, wife was separated from husband, or parent from child, there was no hope of their meeting again. Each hurried blindly and fearfully on. So came the earthquake ...and so ended life in Pompeii.
Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand. Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short.
[参考译文]
庞贝城的末日
(节选)
爱德华·布尔沃－利顿(1803－1873)是一位才华横溢的英国作家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘。如今这里已成为国际旅游胜地。
庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺、一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！
[句式释解]
句 本句为主从复合句。“now dark, now light”作Its ashy rocks的伴随状语，表示先后的两个状态；that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story；what was to come作warned的宾语，其中was to come为“be to do”结构，表将来；might have done表示过去本可以做但实际上并没有做，含有轻微的责备或惋惜之意。
可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它形似一株巨树：树干，黑魆魆的；枝叶，那是火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！
[句式释解]
句 and在此连接两个并列的谓语looked和saw。with unspeakable fear是介词短语作状语；saw ... a huge cloud shooting ...volcano是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构，shoot与cloud之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作宾语补足语。
女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水；与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头，落在空荡荡的街道，落在广场上，四面八方，还有许多掉在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响——下了一场可怕的大雨！
所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。
[句式释解]
句 本句是由and连接的并列句。两个分句都为全部倒装句。
时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰袭击庞贝人很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹得以留存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。
[句式释解]
句 as if引导的方式状语从句的省略。
Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) A．The remains of Pompeii were unearthed.
Part 2 (Paras.2～4) B．What Pompeii was like before Mount Vesuvius erupted.
Part 3 (Para.5) C．What happened during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
答案：Parts 1～3 BCA
Which statement is TRUE according to Paragraph 1
A．People can imagine the life of the whole Roman Empire from the life in Pompeii.
B．There were few trading ships in the port in Pompeii.
C．Mount Vesuvius hadn't erupted before.
D．Pompeii was not a typical Roman city.
答案：A
15～17行中的“bringing imports ...for the rich”使用了现在分词短语作定语修饰trading ships，描写出了庞贝城贸易往来的繁荣景象。现在分词(短语)作定语为高级表达方式，在写作中恰当使用可成为增分亮点。试完成下面的句子：
The man __________________in our school hall is our new headmaster.
在我们学校大厅做演讲的人是我们的新校长。
making a speech
(1)How did people react when they saw the eruption of Mount Vesuvius
A．Calm. B．Frightened. C．Worried. D．Brave.
答案：B
(2)What did the volcano eruption look like
______________________________________________
It took the form of a huge tree.
(1)第23行中使用了动词短语roll away，生动形象地描绘出夜幕降临的场景。试 完成下面的句子：
The seagull flew off, the waves ________________and we should depart.
海鸥飞走了，浪涛滚滚向前，而我们也该离开了。
(2)第27～28行中the trunk, blackness, the branches, fire以省略形式呈现，省略了was made of，简短的句式强调了火山的形态，营造了一种火山爆发时紧张、扣人心弦的氛围。
rolled away
What's this paragraph mainly about
___________________________________________________________________________________________
本段中使用了多个表示时间顺序的词语：at that moment (33行), a moment later (36行), at the same time (37行)，使得行文连贯，衔接过渡自然。试完成下面的句子：
______________, I realised that there was someone caring about me.Although I was tired,____________________, I felt very happy.那时，我意识到有人在关心我。尽管我很累，但同时，我感到非常快乐。
It's about the scene of the eruption and people's reaction when faced with the disaster.
At that moment
at the same time
How did people react when the disaster happened
A．They were so nervous and panicked.
B．They were so calm that left their home safely.
C．They were so helpless but they were rescued.
D．They hurried to a safe place.
答案：A
第46行中使用了副词blindly, fearfully来修饰动词hurried，生动形象地描述出当时人们的惊慌与恐惧。副词用来修饰动词能使动作描述更生动，尤其适用于读后续写的动作描写中。试用所给词的正确形式填空：
The boy looked at his mother ______________(eager), hoping she could buy the toy for him.
eagerly
(1)When was the city of Pompeii dug out
____________________________________
(2)What was Pompeii look like when it was unearthed
A．It was totally in ruins.
B．It had changed a lot since it was buried and couldn't be recognized.
C．It was as beautiful as before.
D．It was fresh as if people had just left.
答案：D
Nearly seventeen centuries later.
(3)What can we learn from the remains of the city
A．Nobody can conquer natural disasters.
B．People's lives are short, so we should value them.
C．People shouldn't be afraid of nature.
D．Life is so long and we have nothing to worry about.
答案：B
第50行和53行中都使用了as if 引导的状语从句，运用了虚拟语气描绘出庞贝城从其安静的长眠之地被挖掘出来后，仍保持着千年前的原貌。试完成下面的句子：
He behaved___________________________.
他表现得好像什么事都没有发生。
as if nothing had happened
本文以火山爆发前、中、后的时间顺序为线索展开叙述，用形象生动的笔墨刻画了灾难前城市的繁荣和灾难中的惨烈，由此形成了强烈的对比。作者用丰富的想象描摹了灾难中人们的行为动作，用文字展现了灾难发生时他们的恐惧和混乱，最后以深沉的笔触抒发了今日人们面对庞贝城遗址时的感叹。
阅读技巧：阅读此类文学作品时应注意把握文章中提到的时间、地点，以此为依据来理清情节脉络；同时应重视文中的细节描写，通过这些细节来推测文章的深层含义。
本文改编自爱德华·布尔沃－利顿的小说《庞贝城的末日》。小说描述了维苏威火山爆发前庞贝这座城市的繁荣景象、火山爆发时的巨大破坏力，以及人们在面对突如其来的灾害时的反应。文章中大量对于灾害场面、人的心态的细腻描写可以让学生体会到自然灾害给人类带来的巨大伤害，理解人类在自然灾害巨大的破坏力面前是多么渺小和无助，从而对自然产生敬畏心理。
阅读下列句子，体会自然灾害的影响：
1．Natural disasters are the punishment for human's destruction of nature.
自然灾害是对人类破坏自然的惩罚。
2．No one will forget the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, which caused extreme suffering for over one million people of the city.没有人会忘记1976年的唐山大地震，它给这座城市的一百多万市民带来极大的痛苦。
1．Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着几度喷发的往事，这原本可以警告这座城市里的人们，即将到来的是什么！
[温故已学语法]
“might/may have done”结构：
(1)表示过去本可以做而实际并没有做，含有轻微的责备或惋惜之意。
(2)表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“或许已经做了某事”。
[强化小练]
(1)单句语法填空
①He may ________________(receive) the letter last week.
②I might ____________(take) another path when I had the choices.
(2)完成句子
③She ____________________________if her mother hadn't insisted on her going.
要不是妈妈坚持让她去，她可能就失去这个机会了。
④You __________________________his suggestion.
你本可以考虑一下他的建议。
have received
have taken
might have lost the opportunity
might have considered
2．The cries of women broke out; the men looked at each other, but were silent.
女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。
★break out突然开始，爆发
[用法感知]
①Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might break out.
听到战争可能爆发的消息，每个人都感到震惊。
②At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.
消防队员终于把超市里的火扑灭了，这场火灾是今天上午十点发生的。
break down 出故障，坏掉；失败；垮掉
break up 解散；粉碎；绝交
break away from 逃脱；背叛，脱离
break off 断开；停顿，中断；突然终止
break in 强行进入；打断
break through 突破；克服
break into 强行进入；突然开始
[归纳点拨]
break out 意为“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始，爆发”，不用于被动语态。
happen 意为“发生，出现”，常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语，不用于被动语态；还可意为“碰巧，恰好”，此时常用人作主语。
take place 意为“发生，进行”，常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。
[易混辨析] break out, happen, take place
[应用融会]
(1)用break的相关短语完成句子
③A quarrel __________between them because he told lies to her.
④If George keeps on working so hard, he'll _____________sooner or later.
⑤Don't __________when we are talking.Wait your turn.
⑥They _________________the National Labor Union and set up their own local organisation.
(2)对比填空：break out, happen, take place
⑦How the big forest fire has ____________remains to be a mystery.
⑧The meeting _______________at 8：00 p．m.as planned last night.
⑨I ___________to meet her on my way home yesterday.
broke out
break down
break in
broke away from
broken out
took place
happened
3．At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs.
那一刻，他们感到脚下的大地正在颤抖；他们听到远处有屋顶坍塌的巨响。
★distance n．遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
[用法感知]
①That afternoon we saw land at a distance of 10 miles from us.
那天下午我们看到离我们10英里远的陆地。
②The sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank.
远处的水声吸引了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。
③It was difficult to get along well with her because she always kept everyone at a distance.
很难与她融洽相处，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。
(1)in the distance 在远方，在远处
at/from a distance 稍远处；离一段距离
at/from a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from ...＝ keep ...at a distance
与……保持距离/疏远
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；(指人)远亲的，冷淡的
be distant from 离……遥远
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④When I heard the sound of the motorboat fade away in the _________(distant), I felt heartbroken.
⑤To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to _________(distance) planets.
(2)语段填空
⑥The waterfall ________________(远处的) can be seen.Its sound can be heard _____________________________(在两英里远的地方). It looks quite beautiful _________________(稍远处), I think.
distance
distant
in the distance
from a distance of two miles
at a distance
4．Making an information folder about rescue methods
制作一个关于救援方法的信息文件夹
★rescue n．& vt.救援，营救，抢救
[用法感知]
①The mother, along with her two children, was rescued from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
这位母亲和她的两个孩子被一艘路过的船只从正在下沉的船上救出。
②The rescue team consisting of doctors and soldiers has arrived at the earthquake-stricken area.
由医生和士兵组成的救援队已经抵达地震灾区。
③They shouted with might and main but nobody came to their rescue.
他们竭尽全力地叫，但没有人来救他们。
(1)rescue ...from ... 从……拯救……
(2)come/go to one's rescue 来/去救援某人
rescue team/workers 救援队/人员
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Soon after the earthquake, one thousand soldiers were sent out to rescue the miners ________the local coal mine.
(2)语段填空
⑤A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire.The _______________(救援队) immediately ____________________(赶来营救他们) and __________________________(从……中把一家人全都救出来) the big fire.
from
rescue team
came to their rescue
rescued all the family from
5．...dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.
……狗定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。
★locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
[用法感知]
①Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
救援飞机正在努力找出失踪水手的准确位置。
②Located in the center of Beijing, China, the Forbidden City covers an area of over 720,000 square metres.
位于中国北京市中心的紫禁城占地面积72万多平方米。
③The importance of the town is due to its geographical location.
这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。
(1)located adj. 位于，坐落在
be located in/on/at/to ... 位于……，坐落在……
(2)location n. 地方，地点，位置
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④I was doubly attracted to the house — by its size and its _________(locate)．
⑤The offices are conveniently _________(locate) just a few minutes from the main station.
location
located
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑥The village which he was born in lies at the bottom of the mountain. _________
(3)句式升级
⑦Rescue teams are using new technology so that they can locate survivors of the earthquake.(用不定式作目的状语升级)
→Rescue teams are using new technology ________________of the earthquake.
⑧The Sports Club is located in our school's gym, and witnesses a variety of activities held every afternoon after school.(用分词作状语升级)
→_________________________, the Sports Club witnesses a variety of activities held every afternoon after school.
is located
to locate survivors
Located in our school's gym
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Fossil hunters have ____________(挖掘) the bones of an elephant believed to be 500,000 years old.
2．Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final_________________
(目的地)．
3．The players are ________(阻止) from drinking alcohol the night before a match.
4．The report calls for a ban on the ____________(进口) of dangerous waste.
5．They ___________(出口) their products to markets throughout the world.
unearthed
destination
barred
import
export
6．Our success was far _________ (超出) what we thought possible.
7．This ____________(模式) of woods and fields is typical of the English landscape.
8．She used the newspaper _________(专栏) as a platform for her views.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The ___________(erupt) has left a thin veil of dust in the upper atmosphere.
2．War has made life almost ____________(bear) for the civilians remaining in the capital.
3．The beach is within walking ___________(distant) of my house, so you can walk there easily.
beyond
pattern
column
eruption
unbearable
distance
4．Their experiences contrast __________(sharp) with those of other children.
5．A survey of _________(retire) people has indicated that most of them are independent and enjoying life.
6．The child was rescued _______the fire, but died soon after of terrible burns.
Ⅲ.选词填空
along with， in all directions， break out， in the distance， far and wide， take the form of
1．The broadcast __________________an interview, which makes it very attractive.
2．We could fix the ship's exact position at the time the fire____________.
sharply
retired
from
took the form of
broke out
3．They have spread their net _____________in the search for a new team coach.
4．Seated in the studio was the professor, __________his two students, receiving the interview now.
5．When he squinted his eyes, he could just make out a house________________.
6．The fire gradually got bigger and bigger.Sparks flew off__________________.
far and wide
along with
in the distance
in all directions
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．We____________________________________________________.(感官动词＋宾语＋宾补)
我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏。
2．The old man was lying on the ground________________.(省略句)
老人躺在地上，好像受了重伤。
3．_______________, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.(形容词作状语)
由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。
see more and more ancient buildings being destroyed
as if badly hurt
Too nervous
4．Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he __________
____________________.(虚拟语气)
杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事似的。
5．We apologize for the delay and regret any inconvenience it________________. (may have done)
我们对此次延误以及因此有可能造成的所有不便表示抱歉。
had done
something very clever
may have caused
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Edward Bulwer-Lytton was a 1.________ (talent) British writer who left his mark on the English language.The Last Days of Pompeii, 2._______ is one of his representative works, imagines life in Pompeii in the year 79, when Mount Vesuvius erupted.And the following is the description of the 3.________ (erupt) of Mount Vesuvius and destruction of Pompeii.
As it is a typical Roman city, you can see 4.____ model of the whole Roman empire in Pompeii.5.______________ (unfortunate), the cloud-capped top of Mount Vesuvius looked odd.Its ashy rocks told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come!
talented
which
eruption
a
Unfortunately
The busy citizens 6.________ (look) upwards with unspeakable fear when a huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano.Then came the fire! The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other, but 7._______ (be) silent.At the same time, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; 8.____ the distance, they heard the crash of falling 9.________ (roof)．Later, the mountain-cloud seemed 10._______ (roll) towards them, dark and rapid, like a river; meanwhile, it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone! All the people hurried blindly and fearfully on.So came the earthquake ... and so ended life in Pompeii.
Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short.
looked
were
in
roofs
to roll
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共35张PPT)
Grammar and usage—语法·提升语言能力
Are you looking for a sports watch to help you keep track of your fitness and chart your training progress？① Whether you're a professional athlete or keen sportsperson, DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for you.It has a digital display to record your steps, speed and distance，② as well as monitoring your heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting to enable you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is so soft as to be comfortable to wear.③DX Sports Watch is only available online, so go to our website and place your order today！,
①句中不定式短语作定语。
②句中不定式短语作定语。
③句中第一个不定式短语作定语，第二个不定式短语作结果状语。
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保留动词的某些特点，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语和状语。本单元重点讲解动词不定式作定语和结果状语的用法。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，表示尚未发生的动作，与名词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。
(一)动词不定式作定语的几条规则
规则1
[先感知]
①(2021·全国甲卷)When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.
②Believe it or not, I am the only one to hear the news.
③Alan was the youngest student to win the prize.
[会发现]
以上各句中动词不定式皆作____________，其中to be born at the reserve修饰____________________；to hear the news修饰 _____________；to win the prize修饰_______________________。
[明规则]
当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only/the last/the next等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
后置定语
the 40th black rhino
the only one
the youngest student
规则2
[先感知]
①I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.
②He said he had no plans to go there.
③The old man made an attempt to stand up.
[会发现]
以上句子中动词不定式皆作_________，其中to come for a visit修饰______
__________; to go there修饰_______; to stand up修饰 __________。
后置定语
his
promise
plans
attempt
[明规则]
有些动词常跟不定式作宾语，而这些动词的同源名词也常跟不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：wish, decision, determination, refusal, arrangement, intention, agreement, hope, need, plan, promise, failure, attempt, offer等。
规则3
[先感知]
①We should develop the students' ability to solve problems.
②He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.
③Give him something to eat.
[会发现]
以上句子中动词不定式皆作__________，其中to solve problems修饰____________________; to make his classes lively and interesting修饰 ________
________；to eat修饰 ______________。
[明规则]
动词不定式常常放在某些抽象名词，如plan，way, chance, place, desire, effort, ability, time, opportunity, reason, potential, freedom等或不定代词后面作定语。
后置定语
the students' ability
a strange
way
something
(二)动词不定式作定语时与所修饰词之间的逻辑关系
[先感知]
①We must find a person to do the work.
②He has a lot of books to read.
③The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
④The man to give us a lecture is a senior expert.
⑤I have an essay to complete within this month.
⑥He is a good fellow to work with.
[会发现]
以上句中动词不定式与所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的______________关系。
[明规则]
1．动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词后面，通常与该名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
2．当动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果该不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后需要加上适当的介词。
主谓或动宾
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ____________(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
②(2021·浙江高考)The only way _______(pay) for the groceries was to take off the things she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soup.
③(2020·天津高考)History has the potential ___________(break) down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
to journey
to pay
to break
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)China has become the first country ________(land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
⑤Have you got anything _______(say)
⑥The book _______________(publish) next week is written by a famous young writer.
to land
to say
to be published
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1．常用于特定结构中
[先感知]
①Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries
②During the earthquake, you should keep calm and never be too nervous to know what to do.
③The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here.
④She is self-confident enough to never feel nervous when giving a speech.
[会发现]
以上句子中动词不定式作___________。
[明规则]
动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的结构中：
too ...to do ... 太……而不能做……
so/such ...as to do ... 如此……以至于做……
enough ...to do ... 足够……以至于做……
结果状语
2．一般表示意料之外的结果
[先感知]
①Tom hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
②Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
③The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
④He left his hometown when he was ten, never to return.
[会发现]
以上句子中动词不定式作结果状语，表示_____________的结果。
意料之外
[明规则]
动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气。,注意：现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。,Jack has made great progress， making his parents very happy.
杰克取得了很大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。
[对点练] (单句语法填空)
①(2021·全国甲卷)It is too early _________(tell) if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)If you're lucky enough ___________(receive) gifts, keep them in a safe place.
③(2020·浙江高考)Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only _________ (see) it move suddenly away from me.
④He hurried to the booking office only _____________(tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.
⑤He served people so wholeheartedly as _____________(praise) by all.
to tell
to receive
to see
to be told
to be praised
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is better fortunate 1.___________ (grow) than anywhere else.With its high altitudes, long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang is the only place 2.____________ (produce) fruits with extremely high sugar content in China.Every fall, people can find that a large number of grapes are so convenient as 3.______________ (ship) from Xinjiang to other parts of China, and the way 4. __________(store) the rest is to make them into raisins.
to grow
to produce
to be shipped
to store
In the vineyards of Moyu, the climate that results from being surrounded by the desert is hot and dry enough 5.________ (grow) huge quantities of large and juicy grapes with very thin skins.These grapes give the locals a chance 6._______ (live) a wealthy and sweet life.
In mid-September, when their Seedless White grapes ripen, if you pick one and put it in your mouth, its taste will be too wonderful for you 7._____________ (forget)．
to grow
to live
to forget
新知进补——学用结合方能“融会通”
1．As you can imagine, it was a bit of a shock.
你可以想象，这有点令人震惊。
★shock n．震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)When we went to the poorest area of the country to support education, we were shocked at what we had seen there.
当我们去这个国家最贫穷的地区支教时，我们对在那里所见的景象感到震惊。
②He was still in shock from what had happened in the afternoon.
他仍在为下午所发生的事感到震惊。
(1)in shock 震惊，吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/熟词生义)
③They were so ___________(shock) that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet.
④Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the __________(shock) ending.
⑤I stared at him _____shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.
⑥Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock. _________
shocked
shocking
in
电击
2．The strong wind and heavy rain didn't scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure.
强风暴雨没有吓到我，但是停电的时候我吓坏了。
★power n．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量
[用法感知]
①I'll do everything within my power to prepare well for the coming exhibition.
我将竭尽全力为即将到来的展览做好准备。
②The party came to power at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
(1)within one's power 在某人能力/权力范围之内
beyond/out of one's power 某人力所不能及/超出某人的能力
be in power 执政(强调状态)
come into/to power 开始掌权/执政(强调动作)
have power to do sth. 有能力/权力做某事
(2)powerful adj. 有影响力的；强有力的
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③It is important to understand the _________(power) economic and social forces at work behind our own actions.
④Great art has the power _________(change) lives.
⑤I am sorry it's _________ my power to make a final decision on the project.
(2)一句多译
他上台已经五年了。
⑥He _____________________for five years.
⑦It has been five years since he____________________.
powerful
to change
beyond
has been in power
came into/to power
3．Were you afraid of running out of supplies
你是不是担心补给品用光了？
★run out of用完，耗尽
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Facing the problem that quite precious natural resources may be run out of/used up, on no account can we waste them.
面对相当宝贵的自然资源可能枯竭的问题，我们决不能浪费资源。
②I ran across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day.
前几天我在街上走的时候，碰到了一个老朋友。
③I'd like to run for the vice president of the English club in our school.
我想竞选我校英语俱乐部的副会长。
(1)run out 用完；用光(不及物动词短语；主语常常是“物”)
give out 用尽；筋疲力尽(不及物动词短语)
use up 用完；消耗尽(及物动词短语；主语通常是“人”)
(2)run for 竞选；匆匆去取
run across 偶然遇到
run into 撞上；遇到；邂逅
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/句式升级)
④I nearly ran _______a bus when it stopped suddenly in front of me.
⑤The earth's resources are being used ______at an alarming rate.
⑥Even after hours of work his energy never seems to give______.
⑦Because food supplies are being run out of, the situation there was getting from bad to worse.
→With________________________, the situation there was getting from bad to worse.
★supply n．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备 vt.供应，供给，提供
into
up
out
food supplies running out
[用法感知]
①Looking back on the process of studying with you, I will never forget the help you supplied to me.
回顾和你一起学习的过程，我永远不会忘记你提供给我的帮助。
②New factories are situated in areas where supplies of power are available.
新工厂都选址于电力供应能保障的地区。
(1)be in short supply 供不应求
a supply of/supplies of ... 一批；一定量的/大量的
(2)supply sb.with sth.＝supply sth.to sb. 向某人提供某物
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③Fresh vegetables are _____short supply in winter in some areas.
④The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply __oxygen.
(2)一句多译
此外，夏令营还为会员提供参观博物馆的机会，这是了解我们历史的好方法。
⑤In addition, the summer camp _____________________________to visit some museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
⑥In addition, the summer camp _____________________________to visit some museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.
in
of
supplies a chance to members
supplies members with a chance
4．Luckily, many people came to help, donating food and clothes to charities.
幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。
★donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)
[用法感知]
①To assist the students in learning Chinese better, our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们的中文班捐赠一些书。
②(以文化人助写作)Many charities donate money to the remote areas to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
许多慈善机构给偏远地区捐款购买计算机设备和互联网设施。
③I was inspired to make a donation to the charity immediately after the dinner.
我很受鼓舞，宴会一结束，我便为该慈善机构捐款。
[归纳点拨]
(1)donate ...to sb./sth. 把……捐赠给某人或某物
donate ...to do sth. 捐赠……做某事
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
(3)donated adj. 捐赠的
(4)donor n. 捐献者；捐赠者
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Volunteers came with loads of __________(donate) clothing and toys.
⑤The headmaster appeals to us students to make a ____________(donate) to the poor boy.
⑥Many people _________________________the injured boy.
许多人献血来救助那个受伤的男孩。
⑦The local people lined up to __________________the earthquake-hit area.
当地民众排队给地震灾区捐款。
donated
donation
donated blood to rescue
donate money to
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共42张PPT)
Integrated skills—语用·融会语言技能
一、背重点词汇
1．________ n． 洪水，水灾；大量
vi.&vt. 淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满
2．____________ adv. 在楼下，往楼下
n. 楼下
3．__________ n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档
4．___________ adv. 否则，不然；除此以外
5．__________ adj. 好奇的；奇特的
flood
downstairs
document
otherwise
curious
二、背经典句式
1.
悟原句 The longer you stay, the more danger you'll be in.(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
你待的时间越长，所处的危险就越大。
写佳句 (2022·浙江1月高考)The more we met, _______________his ability.
我们见面越多，我就越了解他的能力。
the more I knew
悟原句 Don't walk or drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down, and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away.(since引导原因状语从句)
不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只要15厘米的流动水流就足以把一个成年人冲倒，60厘米的水就可以把大多数汽车冲走。
写佳句 (2022·全国甲卷)_______________________________________, it's important to raise people's awareness of protecting them.
由于海洋在世界上起着重要的作用，所以提高人们保护海洋的意识是很重要的。
2.
Since oceans play a critical role in the world
She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
她很想看看外面有多少水。
★curious adj.好奇的；奇特的
[用法感知]
①I am curious to know when the dance club was established.
我很想知道这个舞蹈俱乐部是什么时候成立的。
②People have always been curious about exactly how life on earth began.
人们一直对地球上的生命究竟是如何开始的感到好奇。
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiously adv. 好奇地
(3)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③I was curious ________the computer when I was a child.
④To satisfy children's ____________(curious), we'd better answer their questions patiently.
about
curiosity
⑤_____________ (curious) enough, the same thing happened again a year later.
⑥What's more, the competition will______________________________________.
另外，这场竞赛将充当一个平台，以发掘你的好奇心。
⑦Just___________________, why did you take that job
只是出于好奇，你为什么要从事那个工作？
⑧People gathered round, __________________what was happening.
人们聚集在一起，对发生的事情感到好奇。
Curiously
serve as a platform to explore your curiosity
out of curiosity
curious about
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．破坏性自然事件 _______________________
2．有影响，起作用 ______________________
3．降低风险 _______________
4．准备救灾物资 ______________________
5．move to higher ground _____________
6．knock an adult down _______________
7．wash most cars away _________________
8．watch out for possible dangers _________________
destructive natural events
make a difference
reduce the risk
prepare disaster supplies
向高处转移
撞倒一个成年人
冲走大部分汽车
注意可能的危险
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．During a flood, it's important to leave ________________immediately.
在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。
2．___________ you stay, ________________you'll be in.
你待的时间越长，所处的危险就越大。
3．After a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when _____________
________to your home.
洪水过后，听听官方的新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。
4．Keep away from the floodwater, because it may be polluted and__________
________.
远离洪水，因为洪水可能被污染了，触摸起来不安全。
where you are
The longer
the more danger
it's safe to
return
unsafe to
touch
Step 3 过关键信息[判断正(T)误(F)]
1．Floods are the most common and frequently destructive natural events worldwide. ( )
2．Acquiring a good knowledge of floods can make a difference. ( )
3．Before the flood, you'd better prepare disaster supplies for just three days.
( )
4．The most important objects should be moved to the basement. ( )
5．Listen to the news to find out when it is safe to return home. ( )
T
F
F
T
F
Knowledge of the correct 1.______________ before, during and after a flood
Before a flood ·To reduce the 2._____ to people and their valuables.
·Prepare disaster 3.___________.
·Bring the most important objects to the 4._________ levels of your house.
During a flood ·5._______ where you are immediately.
·Move to the upper floor if you are 6._______ a building.
·Don't walk or drive through the 7.__________ floodwater.
After a flood ·Listen for official news reports to know 8.______ it's safe to return home.
·Watch out for possible 9._________ on the way home.
·Keep away from the 10.____________.
Step 4 过文意理解(听力填空)
procedures
risk
supplies
upper
Leave
inside
moving
when
dangers
floodwater
训练为重——能力提升多听说
Ⅰ.基础听力
听下面5段材料，回答第1至5题。
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．A storm. B．A flood. C．A garden.
2．What happened to the woman last weekend
A．She had an unpleasant trip.
B．Dirty water went into her kitchen.
C．Her new apartment was flooded.
3．Why did the man eat so little today
A．He has no appetite.
B．He doesn't like French fries.
C．He is on a diet.
4．What does the man want to learn
A．Biotechnology. B．Design. C．Physics.
5．What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Interviewer and interviewee.
C．Boss and secretary.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why does Adele like Russian novels
A．They are imaginary.
B．They describe people's dreams.
C．They focus on people's ordinary lives.
7．What can we learn from the conversation
A．Gary has been busy recently.
B．Adele wants to be a good translator.
C．Adele tries to write science fiction.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．How did the man learn about Martin Harris
A．From TV.
B．From the radio.
C．From the newspaper.
9．What did Martin Harris do
A．He saved many people in the flood.
B．He raised awareness about the flood.
C．He donated a lot of money to flood victims.
10．Why does the woman want to write Martin Harris a letter
A．To express her thanks.
B．To have an interview with him.
C．To know more information about his life.
答案：1～5 ABCCC 6～10 CACAA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Peter, were you all right last night
M: Oh, what a night! The trees in my garden were blown down.It rained 8 centimeters in one hour.①It's the biggest storm I have ever experienced.
(Text 2)
M: How was your last weekend, Nancy
W: Not too good.I was about to leave for a trip on Saturday morning ②when I found my kitchen was ruined by the dirty water from the apartment above mine.I spent the whole weekend cleaning.
M: Oh, that's terrible!
(Text 3)
W: I remember you like French fries very much, but you seem to have a poor appetite today.What's wrong
M: ③I'm on a diet.I have been advised to have less fried food but more fresh vegetables.
(Text 4)
W: What would you like to take as your major
M: ④Civil engineering or physics.
W: How about biotechnology
M: Well, I don't think I'll major in biotechnology.Though I used to show great interest in it.How about you
W: Design, of course.
(Text 5)
M: ⑤Linda, make sure you hand out the reports before I begin. And tell Betty Suarez to come in for an interview tomorrow morning.
W: OK, I'll call her up at once. And everyone present will have one copy of the reports before the meeting.
(Text 6)
M: Adele, what kind of book do you like to read
W: Well, ⑥I like reading Russian novels because the greatest writers deal with people's daily life — why we do the things we do, what we do to realize our dreams, etc. What about you, Gary
M: Well, at the moment I do so much background reading for my work as a translator. It helps me be exact in my job. Well, I used to enjoy science fiction. But now I don't particularly read for pleasure ⑦because I don't have the time.
(Text 7)
M: But have you heard about Martin Harris
W: No.Who is that
M: Well, ⑧his story is in today's paper. Martin Harris is a local man who owns a small boat.With water levels rising above the tops of most houses in the area, people are in great danger.⑨Harris has been using his boat to go around and help people in need.
W: ⑩I think I will write him a letter to thank him for his service.
?加练新题型
听力填空(再听第7段材料，补全下面表格。)
Martin Harris
Introduction Martin Harris is a local man who 1.________ a small boat.
Heroic deeds With water levels 2.________ above the tops of most houses in the area, people are in great 3._______. Harris has been using his 4.______ to go around and help people 5.___________.
Evaluation He is thought highly of because of his heroic deeds.
owns
rising
danger
boat
in need
Ⅱ.根据情景补全对话
根据对话内容，从方框内选择恰当的句子将对话补充完整。选项中有两项为多余选项。
W: Good morning! Here is Juliet specially for the Morning News at 7 o'clock. 1 The man beside me is Ben Parmer.Hello, Ben! Can you tell me something about what happened
M: Well, I was outside to feed my pigs when I felt the ground moving left and right. 2
W: Was the pigs' eating normal
M: No, they just walked up and down, seemed to be fed up with the food. 3
W: What about your wife 4
M: I shouted at her.She was in the kitchen preparing for breakfast.I watched my watch, and it showed 6：45.
W: Did she feel the earthquake
M: Yes, she was very terrified.She rushed out of the house. 5
W: Thank you, Ben.The earthquake was level 6, and no buildings have been reported fallen yet.
A．What was she doing then
B．They seemed to jump out of water.
C．They seemed to try to get out of the walls.
D．I thought it was an earthquake, but not serious.
E．I thought it was not an earthquake, but an eruption (火山喷发)．
F．This morning Northbridge, California was struck by an earthquake.
G．She told me she saw the objects falling from the cupboard and furniture shaking backward and forward.
答案：1～5 FDCAG
写作项目——Continue a story
本单元要求为一篇故事续写结尾，属于读后续写。读后续写将阅读与写作紧密结合，需要首先阅读一篇约 350 词的没有结尾的短文，然后根据对短文的理解，为短文续写一个合理的结尾。
学常规写作范式
要想写好读后续写，必须掌握正确的写作方法，下面介绍六步写作法。
第一步：提炼六个要素，获取主旨大意
六个基本要素指的是：who, where, when, what, why和how，把握好这六个要素，才能总结出文章大意和故事情节，进而推断出作者的写作意图。
第二步：理清故事脉络，把握情感变化
记叙文一般有两条故事发展线索：情节(plots)线索和情感(emotions)线索。可以先利用图表法或思维导图法理清故事的发展脉络，这样在续写时才可以更好地遵循原文的思路、风格和语言。
第三步：分析段落首句，设计几个问题
先分析续写所给的两个段首之间的逻辑关系，然后根据自己的判断设计几个小问题：根据段落首句得知什么？续写开始写什么？接下来写什么？续写第一段的段尾如何衔接第二段的开头？续写第二段的段尾如何才能照应故事的主旨大意？
第四步：设计结尾情节，拔高价值取向
设计好续写的第二段的结尾，让结尾处的情感得到升华或拔高，把故事所折射出的人生观、价值观充分体现出来。
第五步：列出关键词汇，续写连贯句群
设计好要续写的两段的情节后，先列出故事情节所需要的关键词，然后，根据这些关键词组织句子，写出连贯一致的句群。
第六步：升格低级词句，誊写完善成文
文章写完后，在排查语言错误的基础上，把一些低级的词汇或句式进行润色升格。
学课文亮点表达
?学词句运用
本篇课文运用了大量的描述性词语，如endless, non-stop, never, this bad, nervous, roar, beat, suddenly等。在读后续写的写作中，运用好描述性词语可以使得描写的对象更加形象化，发生的动作愈益清晰化。如：
Deep in the woods, Jane could only hear the sound of wind.Everywhere are high trees over 20 meters.No light.No Tom.Feeling hopeless and uneasy, she sat down on the edge of a huge rock and cried.
在树林深处，简只能听到风的声音。到处都是20米以上的大树。没有光。也找不到汤姆。她感到绝望和不安，坐在一块大石头边上哭了起来。
?学写作手法
本文运用了一些对话描写，在推动情节发展和刻画人物性格方面起到了重要的作用。在读后续写中恰当地运用对话描写可以令写作内容更加生动形象，特别是再添加一些情感表达及动作描写来辅助对话更能增加内容的生动传神。试完成下列句子：
①“I will never do that again，”__________________.
“我再也不会那么做了，”我坚定地回答道。
②His father picked up the little dog,___________________________________, “It's yours now.”
他爸爸拿起小狗，蹲下，轻声说，“现在，它是你的了。”
I answered firmly
knelt down and said in a soft voice
积素材充盈写作“语料库”
(一)背写作词汇
1．calm 镇静的
2．cheerful 兴高采烈的
3．confident 有信心的
4．delighted 高兴的
5．eager 渴望的；热切的
6．excited 兴奋的；激动的
7．patient 耐心的
8．proud 自豪的
9．peaceful 安静的；平静的
10．relaxed 放松的
11．thirsty 渴望的
12．thrilled 兴奋的；激动的
13．angry 生气的
14．anxious 焦急的
15．annoyed 恼怒的
16．bored 无聊的
17．depressed 沮丧的；情绪低落的
18．desperate 绝望的
19．disappointed 失望的
(二)背写作佳句
1．天气描写
(1)The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds.
天空乌云密布，黑云压顶。
(2)On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling.
在那个黑暗的狂风暴雨之夜，海浪肆意拍打，狂风咆哮。
(3)The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house.
大雨倾盆而下，溪水上涨，风吹打着房子。
(4)Outside, there was a strong wind, and the branches were blowing in disorder.The dust on the ground was flying in disorder, which made people unable to open their eyes.
外面刮起了大风，吹得树枝乱摆，地上的灰尘乱飞，让人睁不开眼睛。
2．心理描写
(1)I was scared to death with eyes full of horror.
我被吓得要死，眼睛里充满了恐惧。
(2)I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.
我感到如此害怕，以至于嗓子发紧，膝盖发软。
(3)I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.
我吓呆了，太害怕而不能移动分毫。
(4)I was seized by a strong sense of horror and my palms were sweating.
我被深深地恐惧感所控制，手心出汗。
写作专项提能训练
Ⅰ.基础写作
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
An earthquake may hit our area at any time.Do you know what to do in an earthquake Let me tell you.
During an earthquake, if you are outside, you must 1.________________ (待在户外) and 2.____________________________________________________ (远离建筑、树木和其他危险的东西). If you are inside, you must stay in a corner, or get under a table.If you are driving a car, you must quickly 3.________________________ (将车开到路边) and stop it.If you 4.________________________ (被困在废墟中), please be calm and 5._______________________________ (等待救援队帮助). After an earthquake, you should check everyone in your family, and see whether gas pipes, water pipes, and electric lines are OK.You must keep the telephone wire clear.
stay in the open air
keep away from buildings, trees and other dangerous things
drive to the side of the road
are trapped in the ruins
wait for the rescue team to help
Ⅱ.读后续写(基础性)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为80左右。
Jodi stared out the window of the plane. It was impossible to tell where the coast of Alaska left off, the frozen whiteness going on and on.
Last winter was the second time Jodi had visited her aunt here. St. Lawrence Island is part of Alaska, but it is only 36 miles from the coast of Russia. She'd met a Siberian Yupik boy named A．J. He was the only person she knew who rode a snowmobile to school. This place was so different from her neighborhood in Portland.
Aunt Mel met Jodi at the airport. “Welcome！” she hugged Jodi. “Thank you！” Jodi secured her bags to the back of her aunt's vehicle, and then climbed on. “It's my shift at the community center，” said Aunt Mel. “You can meet me there after you've rested at home. You remember where it is, right Just down the main road.” “Yep, I remember.”
Aunt Mel pulled up in front of her home. “A.J. and his grandfather are coming over for dinner tonight. I saw A．J. earlier, walking toward his usual crab (螃蟹) spot. That could mean fresh crab！” She smiled at Jodi. Aunt Mel led the way up icy steps. “Make yourself at home，” she said, opening the door.
After unpacking, Jodi got into bed for a rest. When she awoke, she put on her winter boots, a birthday gift from her aunt. A．J.'s grandfather had given her a whistle (哨子) for emergency. She put it into the pocket and pulled on gloves. As Jodi walked to meet her aunt, the setting sun sank. She knew it would be faster to cut behind the row of houses than to stay on the road.
Jodi was cold in the polar wind, hiding behind a house with fish drying on a wooden shelf. Looking between the houses, she spotted a shadow near A．J.'s crab spot. Was that A．J. She made her way toward the shadow. Finally, she shouted, “A.J.？” No answer. Jodi looked back toward the village. Lights shined like stars. She didn't realize she'd walked so far. Wind had blown snow away from the ground. The ice underneath was black.
Jodi followed a wind-blown path along shore. “A.J.！” The shadow didn't move. It was nothing but an old oil drum! That's when she heard it: the sound of cracking ice. A large piece of ice caved in. What was she going to do Without realizing it, she'd gone onto sea ice. Jodi took a cautious step, shaking uncontrollably. Suddenly, she slipped, fell back and landed hard on the ice. Icy water flowed slowly into her boots. Don't panic! she told herself.
Then she remembered the whistle in her pocket._________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Then she remembered the whistle in her pocket. She blew the sound of the SOS signal again and again. “Don't move！” she heard a voice from behind her. It was A．J. Then Jodi felt something hit her shoulder. “Tie the rope around your waist! Move toward me! Slowly！” Jodi fastened the rope firmly, and inched backward onto solid ground. “What are you doing out here alone You know the dangers of sea ice？” A．J. asked. “I thought I saw you fishing，” Jodi said, embarrassed. “I should have stayed on the road. Thank you for saving me.” A．J. shrugged and the two headed for Mel.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共40张PPT)
Project & Assessment & Further study —实践·注重应用评价
对接“单元活动”——让活动有效开展
本课时要求围绕“自然灾害”这一主题制作一份信息文件夹，就某一种救援方法进行话题探究和素材收集，并整理筛选相关信息，合理编排制作内容，介绍自然灾害中不同的救援方法。
[活动“助手”]
讨论自然灾害常用佳句：
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎摧毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。
3．The people living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood.
生活在低洼地区的人们应该离开那里，以保护自己免受洪水的侵袭。
4．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disaster-stricken areas.
这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
5．In time of danger, you must keep calm to solve the problem.
危急时刻，你必须保持镇静以解决问题。
6．When typhoon comes, we had better stay indoors and make sure that the doors and windows are closed tightly.
台风来临时，我们最好待在室内，确保门窗紧闭。
[活动任务]
假定你是李华，针对近期台风频发，你将为全班同学做一次主题为“如何防范台风”的英语演讲。请按以下提示写一篇演讲稿。
1．密切关注有关台风的报道，及时采取防范措施；
2．位于低洼地带的人们务必撤离，以防洪涝。
注意：尽量使用到[活动“助手”]中的表达。
参考词汇：低洼地带low-lying areas
Good afternoon, everyone，
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope we can be less affected by typhoon in the future.
参考范文：
Good afternoon, everyone，
As we know, typhoon is one natural disaster that often occurs in our province. It is vital for us to learn how to protect ourselves from its damages.
Firstly, for typhoon, prevention is more important than any other measure.Therefore, before the coming of typhoon we are supposed to pay close attention to the reports about it and take preventive measures in advance.Secondly, the people living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood.Last but not least, when typhoon comes, we had better stay indoors and make sure that the doors and windows are closed tightly.
I hope we can be less affected by typhoon in the future.
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．A fire. B．A flood. C．An earthquake.
2．What does the woman mean
A．Jane is looking for a summer job.
B．Jane is on her way home.
C．Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.
3．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Strangers.
B．Business partners.
C．Post office worker and customer.
4．What time does the conversation take place
A．9：30. B．10：10. C．10：00.
5．How does the woman feel
A．Excited. B．Frightened. C．Calm.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where did the man get the information about the disaster
A．From TV.
B．From a friend.
C．From his family.
7．What happened to the town this weekend
A．A bridge broke.
B．A storm killed people.
C．A flood ruined many houses.
听第7段材料， 回答第8、9题。
8．Why does Kate have to leave
A．She doesn't like to stay any longer with John.
B．She is afraid of walking alone at night.
C．She doesn't want to make her mother worried.
9．How will Kate probably get back home
A．She will take the last bus back home.
B．John will drive her back home.
C．She will drive John's car back home.
听第8段材料， 回答第10至12题。
10．When did the woman start writing her paper
A．Last night. B．Two hours earlier.
C．Weeks in advance.
11．How did the woman prepare for her exam
A．In advance. B．By chance.
C．At once.
12．What does the man probably mean at the end
A．The woman should work harder.
B．The woman should leave him alone.
C．The woman's study method is practical for her.
听第9段材料， 回答第13至16题。
13．How old is the woman's child
A．8 years old.
B．9 years old.
C．10 years old.
14．Which school does the man's son go to
A．No.1 Primary School.
B．No.2 Primary School.
C．No.3 Primary School.
15．Which subject is the man's son not good at
A．English. B．Chinese. C．Maths.
16．When does the woman's child often get up on weekends
A．At 8：00 a．m.
B．At 8：30 a．m.
C．At 9：30 a．m.
听第10段材料， 回答第17至20题。
17．What is the temperature in London now
A．23 ℃. B．20 ℃. C．19 ℃.
18．What is the weather like in Greece
A．Cloudy. B．Rainy. C．Sunny.
19．Which country has the highest temperature today
A．Germany. B．Spain. C．France.
20．When is this forecast probably reported
A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening.
答案：1～5 ACABB 6～10 ACCBA
11～15 ACBCA 16～20 BCCBA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: How did you manage to escape
M: I pulled my sweater over my head and ①hurried down the burning stairs.As soon as I left the house, the stairs were burned down.
(Text 2)
M: Is Jane looking forward to going home for the summer vacation
W: ②She is counting the days.
(Text 3)
W: Excuse me, ③where is the nearest post office？I need to mail a package to my business partner.
M: ③I'm not sure.I'm a tourist here, so I'm not too familiar with the area.But if you wait a second, I'll just look on my smart phone.
(Text 4)
W: ④I can come to see you again in half an hour.Is it all right
M: Good.④That means you'll be here at ten forty.
(Text 5)
M: Don't think about it anymore.You'll get over the shock gradually.
W: ⑤It was such a terrible experience.
M: I know.But everything is over and done with.You'll be all right again soon.
(Text 6)
M: ⑥Did you see the news on TV this weekend There was a disaster in a town near here! With many stormy days, ⑦a dam broke and the whole town flooded.Thankfully all the people either escaped over the bridge out of town or were rescued.Everyone in the town survived.
W: I heard about that from my friend! Her family lives in that town. She said the people are all okay, but ⑦their houses were ruined from the water.
M: Oh, no.That's so sad.At least they're all okay.We should go over there and see if anyone needs our help!
(Text 7)
W: Well, you know I had a good time tonight.
M: I'm pleased to hear that.
W: But I have to say goodbye right now.
M: Why It's not late.Can't you stay a little longer
W: No, I'm sorry, but I really must go.I don't know whether I can catch the last bus if I don't hurry now.
M: When does the bus go
W: At ten o'clock.Oh dear! It's already a quarter past ten.
M: Don't worry, Kate.Since you have missed the bus, it is unnecessary for you to hurry.⑨I can drive you home.
W: Thank you.You are so kind.⑧But my mother will worry about me if I'm too late getting home.I must get home before 11：00.
M: That's all right.Let's go now.But I hope to have a chance to see you again.
W: Thank you, John.
(Text 8)
M: I'm so tired.I worked out for almost two hours today.
W: I'm pretty tired, too.⑩But I was up all night last night working on a paper for my sociology class.It's for my major, so I had to make sure it was perfect.
M: How late did you stay up
W: Oh, I'm not sure, but it was already light outside, I can tell you that.
M: What？That's crazy! Why did you leave it to the last minute
W: It's just the way I write papers. Whenever I study for an exam, I start preparing weeks in advance.But there is something about writing papers that makes me want to stay up all night writing.Maybe I like the idea of being a journalist and working long hours, or maybe I just have more focus in the early morning.
M: Well, how do you usually do on your papers
W: I haven't got anything less than an A since high school.
M: Wow, it really works for you!
(Text 9)
W: How old is your son
M: My son is eight years old.What about your son
W: Oh, I have a daughter.She is nine years old.
M: Which school does she go to
W: She is at No.1 Primary School in this city.
M: My son is at No.3 Primary School.
W: How is he doing in his studies
M: He does well in Chinese and maths. but he isn't very good at English.I am really worried about it.
W: Really My daughter is good at English.Maybe she can help your son.
M: How nice you are! I can bring my son to your home at 9：30. on weekends.Would that be okay
W: No problem. My daughter gets up at 8：30 on weekends.
M: Thank you so much!
(Text 10)
Here's the forecast for Europe today.At the moment there's some wet and windy weather over the UK and Scandinavia, and this is going to move south and east over Poland and Germany.Temperatures in Berlin and Warsaw are now about 20℃， but it's cooler in London, 19℃， and cooler still in Oslo, 17℃.To the south it's a bit warmer, in Budapest, 23℃， but to the east, cool and cloudy in Moscow, where the temperature is a welcome 15℃ after all that extreme summer heat.Moving south it's getting warmer, 24℃ in Rome, but it's going to be cloudy and rainy across much of Italy and also over northern Turkey, with heavy rain in Istanbul and a temperature of 21℃.Most other Mediterranean countries are going to be warm and dry.
Greece will be hot and sunny with a lot of sunshine, 28℃ in Athens and
warmer still in Spain with temperatures up to 32℃.France is going to be cool and cloudy in the north, 20℃ in Pairs, and hot and stormy in the south with a high of 29℃ in Nice.And that's your European weather for today. I'll be back at lunchtime with an update.
(A正在和B讨论洪灾的新闻，并计划帮助灾民)
A: Oh, Maggie, have you heard the news
B: You mean the floods Yes, I'm just reading the paper.1.____________________ (据报道) there was a heavy rain in some places in the south.
A: I got the news on the radio while driving to the office just now.The news says it was raining hard for several days and the streets in many cities 2______
_______________________ (被深水覆盖)．
B: What's horrible is that 3.____________________________________ (雨水涌进很多房子). Many families could not run away in time and had to wait for people to 4.__________________________ (帮助他们脱离危险)．
It is reported that
.were
covered with deep water
the rainwater flooded into many houses
help them out of danger
A: The broadcast says soldiers arrived in time, set them free and helped 5.______ ____________________________(把他们安置在安全的地方). And many volunteers also took part in it.
B: If we were there, we would be volunteers, too.Do you think so
A: Yes.6.______________________________ (捐一些钱怎么样)
B: That's a good idea.But where can we donate money
A: Just find the answer through the Internet.
B: Yes, let's do it now.
settle
them down in safe places
How about donating some money
Ⅲ. ——看图表达
1．What's the topic of the pictures above
____________________________________
2．Try to describe the pictures in the first person.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A fire drill in the school.
In the morning, we were having a class when suddenly some black smoke went into the classroom.At the same time, the fire alarm went off.So we quickly followed the evacuation route and went downstairs.Everyone bent down and used a towel to cover the noses and mouths.We went out of the teaching building in a short time.During that time, a fireman was counting time with his watch.It took us three minutes to get to the playground! The fireman was impressed by our quick action and praised us.
Almost everyone has heard the expression “the calm before the storm”. It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors created the phrase in the late 1600s. They noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become static and the winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm
Science has given us the answer. According to US website How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, such as hurricanes and tornadoes, draw in all the warm and damp air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”．
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air goes down, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. This same process also causes “the eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong winds moving in a circle.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is. First, count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly 3 seconds equal 1 kilometer. So, for example, if you count 9 seconds, the storm is about 3 kilometers away. A good judgement is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms break after calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and cold winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. That's the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature's temper.
Questions：
1．The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ________ ”．
A．violent B．warm
C．still D．changeable
2．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
___________________________________________________
3．If there're 15 seconds between a flash of lightning and a thunder clap, how far is the storm away
_______________________________
4．What can be learned from the passage
A．Storms don't always blow up after calm.
B．Storms have a bad influence on our life.
C．Weather reports may fail to predict a storm.
D．Heavy storms don't usually last a long time.
答案：A
To explain why a peaceful period occurs before a storm.
About 5 kilometers.
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On the tenth anniversary of my father's death, I awoke to loud fire alarms at 3：30 a．m.Alexis, my older daughter, was standing in the hallway with her cell phone and a blanket wrapped around her younger sister, Sierra.We ran down the stairs to the main floor.The girls stood by the front door while I checked for the cause of the alarms.When I opened the door to my living room, I could see the carpets were smoking heavily.My house was really on fire.
I shouted to the girls，“Get out! The house is on fire！” They turned and ran out of the front door, followed by me.Then we ran through the woods to our neighbor's house.I knocked on my neighbor's front door as a police cars passed by.
Later, I was told that it took the firemen a long time to put out the fire.Standing outside my burned house the next day, I got caught up in lots of questions.I had no cash or bank cards.How was I going to pay for anything Where would we live What would happen to my house now I didn't even know where to start.Luckily, our community helped us a lot.
The fire burned almost everything, but I still decided to visit our burned house to search through the ruins.It's interesting how you learn what really matters to you in those conditions.I found myself primarily searching for my father's watch.I also found other treasures as I searched for his watch, including the ring my mom gave me when I left for college, a watch my grandmother gave me for high school graduation, and my daughter's unworn dress, which was ruined.I found the last shirt my father had worn before his hospital stay.We had taken a trip after his second course of chemo (化疗). It was the last vacation we would take before his death.At that moment, I felt differently about the fire.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away. ______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning.___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
I realized the fire gave us more than it took away.One of the greatest gifts we received was the kindness and care from our community.Many people dropped by with food, clothing and money.Others came by to help us search for treasures through the ruins.Another greatest gift we received was nothing matters more than family.The fire did burn away lots of our personal items, but we saved the most valuable.
Paragraph 2：
My dad's watch is on my bedside table now, which is a reminder that anyone or anything can be lost without warning. I begin learning to treasure everything and teach Alexis and Sierra to do the same as me. At the same time, my girls and I keep watching for those who experience loss. It is important for us to pay back the kindness we received. My family received the care, warmth and help of a community. That feeling was priceless.We will be grateful forever.
“单元验收评价（一）单元语基温故”
(单击进入电子文档)
“单元验收评价（二） 仿真高考检测”
(单击进入电子文档)(共86张PPT)
Reading—读思·发展思维品质
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．county n． 郡，县
2．stair n. 楼梯；梯级
3．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续
4．tsunami n. 海啸
5．odd adj. 奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的
6．typhoon n. 台风
7．pole n. 柱，杆；极
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．__________ n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败
2．_______ n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃
vi.& vt. 碰撞，撞击；崩溃
3．______ vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志
n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
4．_____ vt.& vi. 出去，离去，退场；退出
n. 出口，通道；离开
5．_______ vt. 拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
6．_______ vi. 发生，出现；存在于
disaster
crash
signal
exit
hug
occur
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．_______ vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的→injury n．
伤害；损害；受伤处
2．__________ n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react v．反应；作出反应
3．_________ adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的→order n．顺序；规则
4．___________ vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准→confirmation n．确认；证实
5．_________ n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve v．解除，减轻，缓和(不快或痛苦)
6．____________ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destroy v．毁坏；摧毁→destruction n．毁坏
7．____________ vt.了解，熟悉；通知→information n．信息
injure
reaction
orderly
confirm
relief
destructive
inform
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1．___________ 整个，全部
2．__________ 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物
3．______________ 同时
4．__________ 如果；假使；以防，以防万一
5．_________ 点名
6．_____________ 安然无恙的
7．___________ 被想到，浮现在脑中
8．______________ (在困境中)保持冷静
9．__________________ 提醒某人注意某事
10．____________ 使某人宽慰的是
at large
hold on to
at the same time
in case
roll call
safe and sound
occur to
keep one's head
warn sb.of/about sth.
to one's relief
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.(be doing ...when ...)
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
写佳句 (2020·浙江1月高考读后续写)The boy __________________________
______________________suddenly he noticed another little dog beside Poppy.
这个小男孩正朝Poppy跑去，要给她一个大大的拥抱，这时他突然注意到Poppy旁边的另一只小狗。
was rushing toward Poppy to
give her a big hug when
悟原句 The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. (the moment ...引导时间状语从句)
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
写佳句 ____________________your parents, please give my respects to them.
你一见到你父母，请代我向他们问好。
2.
The moment you meet
悟原句 It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.(It occurred to sb.that ...)
她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
写佳句 ________________________I didn't tell her my new address.
我忽然想到，我忘了告诉她我的新地址。
3.
It occurred to me that
第一遍 泛读通文意
Pupils' lives spared during Falmont earthquake
By Raymond Tran
18 March
FALMONT — On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p．m. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students' reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. Within one minute and twenty seconds, the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground. Soon students from other classes arrived too. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.
“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
By Jessie Cable
21 December
NEWDALE — On 20 December, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd. “The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained. “It wasn't calm and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson. It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the danger, though at first they just thought she was joking. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger. The beach was rapidly cleared of people, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
[参考译文]
弗尔蒙特发生地震 小学生成功逃生
雷蒙德·特兰
3月18日
弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区伤亡数据为7人死亡，200多人受伤，(弗尔蒙特小学)却仅有5名学生受轻伤。
[句式释解]
句 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake。
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。她的学生们反应迅速正确——他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎、东西倒地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。
[句式释解]
句 本句包含“be doing ...when ...”句型，表示“正在做……这时(突然)……”。
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。
[句式释解]
句 the moment引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
句 本句为主从复合句。主句为they relaxed ...; after在此引导时间状语从句； that在此引导宾语从句，作confirmed的宾语；laughing, crying and hugging each other为三个并列的现在分词作伴随状语。
“我们每年进行两次地震安全规程演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。”
女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击
杰西·凯布尔
12月21日
纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引发的巨浪接连席卷了金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。
[句式释解]
句 caused by ...earthquake为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰huge waves； left thousands dead为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词dead作宾补。
句 beach前有the only修饰，故其后用不定式短语作后置定语。
那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这群快乐游客中的一位，直到她察觉到一丝异样。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，”她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
[句式释解]
句 It为形式主语，后面的that从句为真正的主语。
萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。
[句式释解]
句 though引导让步状语从句。
句 be certain that ...意为“确信/确定……”。
1．What's the main idea of the first text
A．The students at Falmont Primary School suffered an earthquake.
B．An earthquake hit Falmont Primary School.
C．An earthquake caused great damage to Falmont Primary School.
D．Students from Falmont Primary School successfully escaped an earthquake.
答案：D
2．What's the main idea of the second text
A．A tsunami hit Goldshore Beach.
B．A girl survived a tsunami.
C．A girl helped about 100 people escape from a tsunami.
D．A safety officer helped people escape from a tsunami.
答案：C
(1)Where might the text be taken from
A．From a newspaper. B．From a travel brochure.
C．From a textbook. D．From a science report.
答案：A
(2)How many people were killed in the earthquake in all
A．Five. B．Seven.
C．Thirty-six. D．Two hundred.
答案：B
第4行中使用了形容词slight“轻微的”，更确切地描写出地震发生后，弗尔蒙特小学的师生受影响较小的情况。形容词的使用可以使描写对象更形象具体。试完成下面的句子：
She felt _____________in her injured arm.
她感到受伤的手臂有轻微的疼痛。
a slight pain
(2)What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake
A．She quickly opened the classroom door.
B．She still taught in the classroom.
C．She waited calmly and quietly.
D．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom.
答案：A
(1)第12行中使用了in case引导的目的状语从句，表现出了Miss Brown在危急情况下的沉着、冷静。试完成下面的句子：
I took my driving license with me on holiday,____________________________.
度假时我随身带了驾照，以防我想要租车。
(2)第24～25行中使用了safe and sound这一短语，描写出师生们安然无恙地从地震中逃生。试完成下面的句子：
I won't be able to relax until I know that kids are_____________________.
直到知道孩子们安然无恙，我才能放松下来。
in case I wanted to hire a car
safe and sound
(2)Why could the kids protect themselves during the earthquake
A．They often practised earthquake safety procedures.
B．Alice Brown was the head teacher at Falmont Primary School.
C．The classroom doors of Falmont Primary School were open.
D．The students of Falmont Primary School were brave.
答案：A
第29行中使用enough修饰形容词calm，以此来描绘出孩子们在地震发生时冷静的表现。试完成下面的句子：
John is _________________to live on his own.
约翰足够大了，可以独自生活了。
old enough
What caused a series of huge waves
___________________________________________
第2行中使用了过去分词短语caused by ...作a series of huge waves的定语，过去分词(短语)作定语是写作中的高级表达，可以使语言运用更简洁、高效。试完成下面的句子：
The speech contest ___________________________turned out to be a great success.
昨天在我们学校举行的演讲比赛结果很成功。
They were caused by an undersea earthquake.
held in our school yesterday
(1)What did Sabrina notice about the sea
A．The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer and kept coming in.
B．It was calm and going in and then out.
C．The water was warm.
D．There was nothing special.
答案：A
(2)What was Sabrina's parents' first reaction to her warning
A．They thought little of the warning.
B．They went to a safety officer immediately.
C．They were too frightened to leave.
D．They cleared the beach of people.
答案：A
(3)Besides Sabrina, who played an important role in escaping the tsunami
A．Sabrina's parents.
B．The safety officer.
C．The tourists on the beach.
D．Sabrina's teacher.
答案：B
(1)第10～11行中使用了现在分词短语enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind作伴随状语，形象生动地表现出海啸来临前人们欢快游玩的景象。试用所给词的正确形式填空：
The girls were gathering in the hall, singing and dancing, _________________
(celebrate) the important festival.
(2)第24行中使用了副词immediately来修饰动词realize，以此更准确地表达出安全员的快速反应。请写出表示“立刻，马上”的其他常见词语：
______________________________________等。
celebrating
instantly, at once, right away, in no time
Natural disasters Earthquake Tsunami
When ①_______________ ⑥______________
Where ②_____________________ ⑦____________________
What Students③____________ ______________. Sabrina ⑧___________
____________________
___________.
17 March
20 December
Falmont Primary School
Goldshore Beach
escaped an
earthquake
helped about
100 people escape from
a tsunami
How They reacted ④__________ when the earthquake hit. Sabrina noticed something odd and asked her parents ⑨______________
__________.
Why They practised ⑤__________ ________________________ twice a year. Sabrina had learnt ⑩_____________ _____________in a Geography lesson.
correctly
to talk to a safety
officer
earthquake
safety procedures
the knowledge
of tsunamis
续表
本板块的语篇是两则新闻报道，分别介绍了地震和海啸发生时人们正确应对从而得以逃生的故事。第一则新闻报道讲述了地震发生时，校长沉着冷静地指挥学生成功自救的事，强调了平时地震安全演练的重要性。第二则新闻报道讲述了在海滩上，一个女孩利用所学的有关海啸的知识成功挽救百余人生命的事。新闻报道类语篇具有鲜明的新闻体裁的写作特征：内容具体翔实，语言简明精练，文章通俗易懂，描述生动形象。
阅读技巧：新闻报道的第一段往往讲明时间、地点、人物、主要事件以及结果。随后各段着重描述事件发生的细节，并补充相关信息。了解新闻报道的结构特征，有助于学生在阅读中快速寻找关键信息，抓住文章主旨大意。
本文第一篇新闻报道的最后一段提到“‘We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，’ said Miss Brown，‘so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.’”，由此可以看出，虽然自然灾害不可避免，但是掌握正确的自救方法可以减少灾难带来的损失。阅读下列句子，感悟面对灾难的正确做法：
1．With the help of the people all over China, people in disaster areas overcame many difficulties and rebuilt their homes.
在全中国人民的帮助下，灾区的人们克服了许许多多的困难，重建了家园。
2．A wise people can learn much more from disasters and mistakes than they usually do.
一个智慧的民族，从灾难和错误中学到的东西会比平时多得多。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区伤亡数据为7人死亡，200多人受伤，(弗尔蒙特小学)却仅有5名学生受轻伤。
★injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害
[用法感知]
①Three people were injured in the accident.Rescuers said the injured were taken to a nearby hospital, and fortunately the injury was not serious.
有三人在这次事故中受伤。救援人员说伤者已被送往附近的医院，而且幸运的是，伤势都不严重。
②First aid is very essential in our life, especially when people suddenly fall ill or get injured.
在生活中，急救非常重要，特别是在有人突发疾病或受伤的时候。
③If you try and lift that heavy suitcase, you will do yourself an injury.
如果你试图提起那个沉重的手提箱，你会伤到自己的。
(1)injury n． 伤害，伤口
do sb./oneself an injury＝do an injury to sb./oneself
使某人/自己受伤害
(2)injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④One of the volunteers for the rescue work got _________(injure) when helping others.
⑤There's no denying that the attack has done a severe ___________(injure) to his reputation.
(2)一句多译
听说他在这起事故中伤到了自己，我内心充满了担忧。
⑥I heard that he ____________________in the accident, my heart full of worries.
⑦I heard that he ____________________in the accident, my heart full of worries.
injured
injury
did himself an injury
did an injury to himself
2．Her students' reaction was quick and correct — they moved under their desks, head first, and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的学生们反应迅速正确——他们头朝里，钻到桌子下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。
★reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
[用法感知]
①All new fashion starts out as a reaction against existing convention.
所有新时尚都是从打破现有常规开始的。
②(以文化人助写作)Only when we react to emergencies in life calmly, can we solve problems in a better way.
只有当我们冷静应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。
③The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water.
这个实验显示了铁是如何与空气和水发生反应的。
(1)in reaction to sth. 对某事/物作出反应
reaction to sb./sth. 对某人/物的反应
(2)react v. 回应，(对……)作出反应；起化学反应
react to ...(by doing sth.) (通过做某事)对……作出反应
react against ... 反对……，反抗……
react with ... 与……发生反应
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④They were not sure how the local people would react ____the new type of music.
⑤The chemistry teacher shows us the process in which a substance reacts _______oxygen to give heat and light.
⑥Children tend to react __________their parents by going against their wishes.
⑦He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong _________
(react)．
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑧I wondered how he had responded to such a difficult question. ________
to
with
against
reaction
reacted
3．At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。
★in case如果；假使；以防，以防万一
[用法感知]
①You must remind him to take his medicine, in case he forgets.
你必须提醒他吃药，以防他忘了。
②(以文化人助写作)In no case can we go against the law of nature or we'll meet endless suffering.
我们绝不能违背自然法则，否则我们将会遭受无止境的苦难。
③As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
就像其他老人一样，我的祖父也喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。
归纳点拨 in case of 如果，假使
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in that case 假使那样的话；既然那样
as is often the case 这是常有的事
in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
名师点津 case表示“情况”时，若后接定语从句，且case在从句中作状语，则从句引导词常用where，类似的还有：situation, point, position, stage等。
[应用融会]
(1)一句多译
以防下雨，你最好带把伞。
④You'd better take an umbrella___________________.(in case of)
⑤You'd better take an umbrella____________________.(in case)
(2)句式升级
⑥I can in no case lose this important match.
→In no case _____________this important match.
in case of the rain
in case it rains
can I lose
4．She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们用双手护着头，排好队，有序离开教室。
★signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
[用法感知]
①The policeman spotted that I hadn't got my seat belt on and signalled me to stop.
警察发现我没系安全带，示意我停车。
②When riding, you must signal which way you are going to turn.
骑行时，你要朝哪个方向转向，必须发出信号。
③Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the traffic signals changes.
就像交通本身一样，交通信号灯的时间也会变化。
归纳点拨 (1)signal at/to sb. 向某人发信号/示意
signal for sth. 示意要某物
signal (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
(2)give a signal (to sb.) (向某人)发信号
send out a signal 发出信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
轻巧识记
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④When she got up from the table, it was obviously the signal for us ________
(leave)．
⑤The teacher signalled_____ the boy to begin delivering the speech.
(2)句式升级
⑥The bell rang, and sent out a signal that the final exam was over.
→The bell rang, _______________________that the final exam was over.(非限制性定语从句)
→The bell rang, ___________________that the final exam was over.(分词作状语)
to leave
to
which sent out a signal
sending out a signal
5．After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed ...
点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，大家才松了一口气……
★confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准
[用法感知]
①The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as 550 million dollars.
这位官员证实，这些画是原作，价值高达5.5亿美元。
②(以文化人助写作)It is your encouragement that confirms me in the belief that I will surely win the champion of the competition.
正是您的鼓励使我坚信我一定会赢得这次比赛的冠军。
③It has been confirmed that we will go to climb a mountain, where we can have a picnic.
已经确认我们要去爬山，并在那里野餐。
(1)confirm sb.in sth. 使某人确信某事
confirm＋that/wh-从句 证实……
It has been confirmed that ... 据/已证实……
(2)confirmation n. 证实，确认；证明书
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The latest evidence confirmed me ___his honesty.
⑤Would you please call again for ___________________(confirm) one week before your departure
⑥_________________________ the sports meeting will take place next week.
已经确定运动会将于下周召开。
in
confirmation
It has been confirmed that
6．It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的前兆。
★occur vi.发生，出现；存在于
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)It occurs to me that we can turn to our English teacher who is knowledgeable and ready to help.
我想到我们可以求助于我们的英语老师，他知识渊博，乐于助人。
②It occurred to me to go to the grocery to grab something for dinner on the way home.
在回家的路上，我突然想去杂货店为晚餐买点东西。
sth.occurs/occurred to sb. 某事被某人想起
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that ... 某人想起……
It occurs/occurred to sb.to do sth. 某人想起做某事
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/句式升级)
③It never occurred to him __________(ask) anyone to help him with English.
④Suddenly a good idea occurred ____her, but she didn't know how to speak it out.
⑤I was going to pay by cash but I suddenly remembered that I had left my purse at home.
→I was going to pay by cash when ________________________________I had left my purse at home.
to ask
it suddenly occurred to me that
to
7．To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
使她大为宽慰的是，安全员立即意识到危险即将来临。
★relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
[用法感知]
①To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.
说真的，在这么短的时间里完成了这项任务真令人欣慰。
②Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with relief.
做完所有的家务后，玛丽倒在沙发上，松了一口气。
③The only way to relieve yourself of the pressure is to take some positive action.
减轻压力的唯一方法就是采取一些积极的行动。
(1)with relief 欣慰地
It is a relief to ... ……是让人欣慰/轻松的事
to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是
What a relief! 多么令人欣慰啊！
(2)relieve v. 减轻，缓和
relieve one's pain/pressure 减轻某人的痛苦/压力
relieve sb.of sth. 减轻某人的……(负担等)
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④Hearing the good news, Alice burst into laughter _______relief.
⑤The drug cannot cure your disease at all.It can only temporarily relieve you _____ pain.
⑥—You seem to be in a really good mood.
—I finished my last test today.___________________ Now I'm free.
——你看起来心情真的很好。
——我今天完成了最后一门考试。可轻松了！现在我自由了。
with
of
What a relief!
(2)一句多译
听说你安然无恙地回来了，我们松了一口气。
⑦______________, we heard you had come back safe and sound.
⑧________________ to hear you had come back safe and sound.
8．Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
记得要了解事态的进展。
★inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知
To our relief
It's a relief for us
[用法感知]
①Can you inform us when to begin our final examination
你能告诉我们什么时候期末考试吗？
②(以文化人助写作)I apologized to you sincerely for not being able to inform you of the change in the plan.
我由衷地向你道歉，因为未能通知你计划的改变。
③The Internet always keeps us informed of the events that are happening in the world.
互联网总能让我们知晓世界上正在发生的事件。
(1)inform sb.of sth. 告知某人某事
inform sb.that ... 通知某人……
inform sb.＋疑问词＋to do 告知某人……
keep sb.informed (of sth.) 告知某人(某事)
(2)information n. 信息，消息，情报
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/句型转换
④I would be very grateful if you could inform me ____your decisions at your earliest convenience.
⑤It was so kind of you to keep me __________(inform) of what happened in time.
⑥They often get some useful ______________(inform) from the Internet.
⑦I informed her mother of her safe arrival.
→I informed her mother_________________________.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑧I was told that our school Ping-pong Team is looking for new members
among us students. _____________
of
informed
information
that she had arrived safely
informed
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。
[归纳点拨]
本句是be doing ...when ...句型，when在句中作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，相当于and then, and at that time。
when作并列连词时还用于以下句型中：
(1)be on the point of doing ...when ...
正在做……这时……
(2)be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时……
(3)had hardly done ...when ... 刚做了……这时……
注意：when作从属连词可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，还可引导让步状语从句，意为“既然；考虑到”。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
①I _____________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
②I had just gone through my homework _________the electricity was cut off.
(2)一句多译
我正要出发，这时开始下起大雨来了。
③I ______________set out when it began to rain heavily.
④I ____________________setting out when it began to rain heavily.
was driving
when
was about to
was on the point of
2．The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。
[归纳点拨]
本句是主从复合句，名词短语the moment引导时间状语从句。
(1)用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：the instant, the minute, the day, the week, the hour, any time, next time, the first time, the last time等。
(2)副词immediately, instantly, directly等也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。
注意：the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”；for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
①__________________ classical music, a sense of entertainment and relief arises naturally.
每当我听到古典音乐，一种娱乐和放松的感觉就会油然而生。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)_________________________________, we saw many farmers busy picking apples.
我们一到农场，就看见许多农民正在忙着摘苹果。
Every time I hear
The moment we arrived at the farm
(2)一句多译
我第一次听说斯蒂芬·霍金时，就被他对研究的奉献精神所感动。
③When I heard of Stephen Hawking_____________________, I was moved by his devotion to the research.
④_____________ I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research.
for the first time
The first time
第三板块 拓展语言技能——握规律
词类活用是指某些词在特定的语言环境中用作另一类词，具有了另一类词的语义特征与语法特征。如本单元中出现的既可作名词又可作动词的词：
signal n．信号，暗号；标志；信号灯→signal v．发信号，示意；标志
crash n．碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃→crash v．碰撞，撞击；崩溃
exit n．出口，通道；离开→exit v．出去，离去，退场；退出
hug n．拥抱→hug v．拥抱，搂抱；抱紧
名词用作动词是指一个名词在保持原有词形不变的情况下，活用为动词。名词用作动词，根据词义的变化，可以分为两种情况：
1．名词用作动词后，词义基本不变。
water n．水→water v．浇水
dream n．梦想→dream v．做梦
shelter n．遮蔽；庇护处→shelter v．保护；掩蔽；躲避
plant n．植物→plant v．种植
2．名词用作动词后，词义发生改变，一般为名词的引申义。
house n.房子→house v.提供住所；安置；收藏
book n.书→book v.预订
place n.位置；地方→place v.放置；安放
hand n.手→hand v.交；递；给
train n.火车→train v.培训；训练
[对点训练] (写出下列句中加黑词的词性及含义)
①How often do you water your lawn？ ________
②I am planning to plant some roses in the backyard next year. _______
③He handed me the changes. ____________
④I'd like to book three seats for tonight's concert. ________
⑤I am training you, not babysitting you！ _______
⑥The homeless man sheltered from the rain under the roof. _______
v.浇水
v.种植
v.交；递；给
v.预订
v.训练
v.躲避
⑦The gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art. __________
⑧We heard a loud crash that day and later learned it was because a brick crashed through the window. _________________ _________
⑨As the actor exited the stage, the light went on. ________
v．收藏
v．碰撞
v.退场
n.碰撞声，破裂声
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Over 50 events are planned throughout the _______(县)．
2．The plane flew through the clouds in time and a ________(灾难) was narrowly averted.
3．When I was a little kid, I ___________(翻滚) down a hill and broke my leg.
4．Separated from his mother for such a long time, the boy kept away from her when she tried to ________ (拥抱) him.
5．There is some confusion about what the correct ___________(步骤) should be.
county
disaster
rolled
hug
procedure
6．The _________(碰撞) happened seconds after the pilot reported engine trouble.
7．As people rushed to leave, jams formed at all the ________(出口)．
8．We had to carry the piano up three flights of ______(楼梯) because of the elevator fault.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．A number of bombs have exploded, seriously __________(injure) at least five people.
2．If you could present the flowers personally, you will be given a warm __________(react)．
crash
exits
stairs
injuring
reaction
3．They signalled to me ________(join) them in playing games.
4．It has been confirmed _______the singer will give a performance next week.
5．It occurred _____me that I could buy my mother a new coat on her birthday.
6．When there is a fire, people file out of the hall in an ________(order) way.
7．Please keep us _________(inform) of any changes of your address.
8．_______ moment he returned from Europe, he set out to work.
to join
that
to
orderly
informed
The
at large， at the same time， roll call， safe and sound， a series of， warn ... of/about ...，to one's great relief， hold on to， keep ...informed of
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．________________, I passed the final exam.
2．It is vital that we should be __________________all developments.
3．Recently Tom has published ____________articles on the nature of modern society.
4．At last he accepted the opinion of the public___________.
5．Happily, all the lost children have returned______________.
To my great relief
kept informed of
a series of
at large
safe and sound
6．I told him how we had fought to _____________the company.
7．It's impossible to get everybody together_________________.
8．He _________us _________the serious situation that we were confronted with.
9．The athletes who will compete in the track events should go to the ________20 minutes before the race.
hold on to
at the same time
warned
of/about
roll call
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．______________________________, here's my number.
万一你需要什么帮助，这是我的电话号码。
2．Newton _____________________________________an apple fell to the ground.
牛顿正在思考着这个问题，这时(突然)一个苹果落到地上。
3．____________________, he tried to borrow money from me.
我一遇到他，他就想向我借钱。
4．Every one of you will be welcome to take part in it, ______________________
___________________________.
欢迎大家来参加，欣赏电影并发表自己的意见。
In case you should need any help
was thinking about the question when
The moment I met him
enjoying the movie and
giving your own comments
5．Human life is regarded as part of nature and, similarly, ___________________
________is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一方法就是与自然和谐相处。
the only way for us to
survive
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
In Falmont, Alice Brown was giving a lesson to students 1._______ an earthquake hit the county.The students reacted 2._________ (proper) — they moved under their desks and held on 3._____ the legs of the desks.When the shaking stopped, Miss Brown signalled the class 4._______ (exit) the classroom covering their heads with their hands.Luckily, only 5 students were slightly 5.___________ (injure) at Falmont Primary School, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.It was the practice of earthquake safety procedures twice a year 6._______ helped the students during the earthquake.
when
properly
to
to exit
injured
that
On 20 December, the day began as usual, with people 7.__________ (walk), running or simply sitting on the sandy beach.8.___________, a 10-year-old girl noticed something odd.The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer and coming in and in and in, 9.________ were signs of an approaching tsunami.She kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer about the signs and the officer rapidly cleared the beach of people just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.Thanks to the girl, around 100 people 10.____________ (save)．
walking
However
which
were saved
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共12张PPT)
Welcome to the unit—开篇·把握单元目标
单元素养解读
一、语言能力
听 1.借助课文录音，了解人们面对自然灾害时可以采取的应对方法；
2.获取并整合听力材料中有关洪水中安全自救的信息；
3.学会提取录音中的关键词。
说 1.能就常见自然灾害的种类、特点、起因、危害等与同伴交流讨论；
2.能向同伴简要介绍自然灾害的防范知识和可以采取的自救措施。
读 1.能读懂有关自然灾害的新闻报道；
2.能读懂有关自然灾害的故事或小说节选。
写 1.能根据不同感官的感受，从不同角度描述火灾场景；
2.能合理续写故事的结尾。
看 在观看有关自然灾害的视频中，能通过画面、声音等非文字元素，感受自然力量的强大以及自然灾害的巨大破坏性。
二、文化意识
1．从历史事件的角度了解国内外发生过的一些重大自然灾害，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识；能够了解和掌握一些与自然灾害相关的安全常识和防范措施；
2．具备积极应对灾害的意识和态度，并能从多角度积极思考、学习和了解相应举措，减轻灾害造成的物质损失和心理创伤。
三、思维品质
能调动已有的知识和经验，归纳、概括、整合所获信息；能按逻辑顺序组织信息；能在实践中运用所学应对与灾难有关的困难，增强解决问题的意识和能力。
四、学习能力
1．通过图书馆、网络等渠道获取更多与自然灾害相关的信息，扩充学习资源；
2．通过朗读描写自然灾害的小短句，感受其烘托的危险气氛，体会朗读者的语 音语调起到的营造氛围的作用；
3．结合新闻报道类型语篇的特点，收集和整理语篇信息，强化对语篇的解读，加深对语篇的深层次理解；
4．能在阅读故事后，运用恰当的语言续写故事结尾，合理地运用过渡词或过渡句，把握原文的行文特征和语言特点，做到风格一致。
教材 名言 Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.
—Victor Hugo
深意 解读 该名言出自法国作家维克多·雨果，意为“大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。”这句话意在强调大自然能造福人类，也能给人类带来灾祸。
文化 微语 雨果是法国19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学的代表作家，被人们称为“法兰西的莎士比亚”。一生写过多部诗歌、小说、剧本、各种散文和文艺评论及政论文章，在法国及世界上有着广泛的影响力。
教材名言赏析
?名言警句拓展
1．The fear of the disaster is worse than the disaster itself.
对灾难的恐惧比灾难本身更可怕。
2．When trouble occurs at one spot, help comes from all quarters.
一方有难，八方支援。
3．Disasters are not terrible.What is terrible is that there is no hope in our hearts.
灾难并不可怕，可怕的是心中没有了希望。
多读时鲜美文
Maggie, a girl of thirteen years old, lived on the west coast of the United States.She had never experienced an earthquake before; she only prepared for it.①As long as she could remember, preparing for an earthquake was common at her school.Her family had made plans as well in case of a natural disaster.
One day, Maggie arrived home from school at the usual time.However, it was not the same as usual.She was home alone.Her mom would be driving home on the busy freeway and her dad was to arrive at the airport.He was coming home from a two-week business trip.
After finishing her homework, Maggie felt a little hungry, so she went to the kitchen to find something to eat.Just then she felt a shake, then the violent shaking.Maggie quickly ran under the large table in the dining room.The sounds of breaking glass and the crashing of many things were deafening, and Maggie hugged herself in fear.
②After what seemed like a very long time, the earthquake appeared to be over. Maggie could hear the sound of water rushing below her in the basement.And there was the smell of natural gas in the air.Maggie knew where the main water valve (阀门) was and how to turn it off.Dad had ever shown her before.
Slowly and carefully she came out from under the table.The once tidy home was then almost unrecognizable.Walls had fallen down and many things in the room were in a mess.As Maggie approached the open basement door, she could see the steps.Carefully she made her way down into the dark basement.
③While placing her feet firmly on the floor, Maggie felt a sudden pain as a large wood hit her head and shoulder.She fell unconscious onto a pile of boxes.An hour later, she woke up and found her parents beside her.She was happy that she was still alive!
生僻词汇 ①violent /'vaI l nt/ adj. 猛烈的；剧烈的；强烈的
②crash /kr / v. 碰撞，撞击，使发出巨响
③deafening /'defnI / adj. 震耳欲聋的，极喧闹的
④unrecognizable / nrek ɡ'naIz bl/adj.变得(或损坏得)难以辨认的；
无法识别的
⑤firmly /'f mli/ adv. 坚定地；坚固地
⑥unconscious / n'k n s/ adj. 无知觉的，昏迷的；不省人事的
常用词汇 ①prepare for 为……做准备
②in case of 万一，以防
③in fear 提心吊胆地，害怕地
④turn off 关闭
⑤in a mess 一片狼藉；混乱
?读后积累
长难句式 ①As long as she could remember, preparing for an earthquake was common at her school.
分析：本句含有as long as引导的时间状语从句，意为“与……一样长”；preparing for an earthquake是动名词短语作主语。
译文：从她记事起，她的学校里就经常进行防震准备。
②After what seemed like a very long time, the earthquake appeared to be over.
分析：本句含有what引导的宾语从句，作介词after的宾语。
译文：似乎过了很长一段时间，地震好像停止了。
③While placing her feet firmly on the floor, Maggie felt a sudden pain as a large wood hit her head and shoulder.
分析：本句含有while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，完整的句子是While she was placing her feet firmly on the floor。另外，本句含有as引导的时间状语从句。
译文：当玛吉把脚牢牢地踩在地板上时，她忽然感到一阵剧痛，一块大木头砸在她的头和肩膀上。
续表
