外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit3 War and peace 词汇-情景破学案（有答案）
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Unit3 War and peace
词汇-情景破
知识点1 violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的；暴力的；愤怒的；激烈的；（情绪）极端的
情景导学
The forum dealt with issues such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.
论坛讨论了嗜毒、暴力和失业等问题。
We condemn any act of violence against women.
我们谴责对妇女的任何暴力行为。
Several people have been violently attacked in the subway.
有几个人在地铁里受到了暴力袭击。
归纳拓展
①a violent quarrel/argument/row激烈的争吵
②_______ n.暴力，暴力行为；激烈的力量；狂热
Violence__________对……的暴力（行为）
do violence to sth.破坏某事物，对某事物造成损害
③________adv.暴力地，剧烈地
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2019江苏，阅读理解B，★★☆）At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a _______ （violent）far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1-2（2016课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too _______ （violence）for use at the table.
1-3（★★☆）With no gravity，the exercise bike for the American astronauts is just as easy to pedal _______ （violent）.
1-4（★★☆）The winds were strong and cold rocking our little camping truck ______ （violent），and we lay shaking in the dark until the winds died away.
知识点2 nothing less than简直是；极其；不亚于
情景导学
There was nothing else the doctors could do.
医生们无能为力。
British preference for the weather has nothing to do with natural phenomena，but has something to do with the uncer-tainty.
英国人对天气的偏爱与自然现象无关，但与不确定性有些关系。
Choose your travel companions wisely，because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions.
明智地选择你的旅游伙伴，因为没有什么比合适的同伴对旅行的影响更大。
People might expect that the ever-growing demands for tourism would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers.
人们可能认为，对旅游业的需求日益增长只会给接待度假者的国家带来好处。
归纳拓展
①（be）nothing less than sth =（be）nothing short of sth.简直是，近乎
②have nothing to do with____________
③_________=only仅仅；只有；只是
④_________别无其他
⑤nothing等否定词与_________连用，表示最高级含义。
单句语法填空
2-1（2016天津，阅读理解D，★★☆）Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing ______ （tiring）than not succeeding.
2-2（★★☆）My color television has given me _______ but a headache.
2-3（★★☆）As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing _______ （good）than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
完成句子
2-4（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）当我不能再做模特的时候，我不希望自己没有其他技能转而使用。
I don't want to have _____ _____ to fall back on when I can’t model any more.
2-5（★★☆）一些人声称这些建筑与一个地区的历史感毫无关系。
Some claim that the buildings have _____ _____ _____ _____ the historic feel of an area.
知识点3 recall v.回想，回忆起，使想起；召回，
情景导学
She recalled seeing him outside the shop on the night of the robbery.
她回忆起抢劫当晚在商店外见到了他。
I can’t recall who gave me the information.
我记不起是谁告诉我这个信息的。
A great number of retired doctors were recalled to medical duty to battle COVID-19.
许多退休的医生被召回执行医疗任务，与新冠肺炎斗争。
The paintings were damaged beyond recall.
这些画受到了毁灭性破坏。
归纳拓展
①recall ___________ /（that）/wh-…回忆起……
②recall sb. ______ sth.把某人召回某处
③recall n.记忆力；记性；召回；收回
④beyond recall _______
单句语法填空
3-1（2019课标全国Ⅰ，阅读理解B改编，★★☆）Whaley feels happy for Chris. He _______ （recall）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
选词并用其正确形式填空
3-2（2016课标全国Ⅱ，七选五，★★☆）If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to ______ （recall/remember）the gardens of your youth.
3-3（★★☆）The professor doesn't remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work--though he or she will be able to ________ （recall/remind）them after just a brief glance at your work.
3-4（★★☆）Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon boat Festival is to _______（recall/remind）the soul of Qu Yuan.
知识点4 make it幸免于难；渡过难关
情景导学
Frank was seriously ill，and the doctors didn’t think he'd make it.
弗兰克病得很重，医生们认为他活不下去了。
We only made it to the concert a few minutes before it began.
我们在音乐会开始前几分钟才到。
I ended up graduating with honors，but during college I didn't think I’d make it at all.我最终以优异的成绩毕业，但在大学期间，我认为自己根本达不到目标。
I couldn't have made it through those days without the support of my teachers and peers.
没有老师和同龄人的支持，我不可能度过那些日子。
归纳拓展
①make it ___________...准时到达，赶上；成功进入（某阶段等）
②make it __________...成功挺过（一段艰难的时期）
③make it __________
单句语法填空
4-1（★★☆）With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture，it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make _____ to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes.
判断下列句子中 make it的含义
4-2（2019天津，完形填空，★★☆）She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
_____________________________________________________________________
4-3（★★☆）When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds，he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
_____________________________________________________________________
4-4（★★☆）What did I learn that day？I would never make it as a mathematician.
_____________________________________________________________________
知识点5 memorial ad纪念的，追悼的
情景导学
Those old songs bring back memories.
那些老歌唤起了回忆。
People in the city put up a statue in memory of those who died defending the city in the war.
这座城市的人们建造了一座雕像以纪念那些在战争中为保卫城市而牺牲的人。
The image has remained in my memory ever since.
这个形象从此就一直留在了我的记忆里。
She has an excellent memory for names.
她非常擅长记名字。
归纳拓展
①memory n.记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆
__________在某人的记忆里
__________唤起回忆
__________为了纪念，缅怀对……的记忆力
②memorable adj.值得纪念的；难忘的
③memorize vt.记住
单句语法填空
5-1（2019江苏，阅读理解A，★★☆）Whatever your or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly ______ （memory）.
5-2（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★★）After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just _______ （memorize）the value of each combination.
5-3（2017北京，七选五，★☆☆）The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with _________（memory）.
完成句子
5-4（★☆☆）为纪念格什温，举办了一场音乐会。
A concert was held _____ _____ _____ Gershwin.
知识点6 representative n.代表
情景导学
I don’t think you should represent me as so perfect.
我认为你不应该把我描述得这么完美。
He represented the matter to me in a much more charitable way.
他以一种更为仁爱的方式向我说明了这件事。
Representing my school，I would like to extend our warm welcome to you.
代表我校我想向你们表示热烈欢迎。
The firm has two representatives in every European city.
这家公司在每个欧洲城市都有两名代表。
归纳拓展
①represent v代表；为……代言/辩护；作为……的象征；象征；表示；（尤指不真实地）描述；正式提出（意见等）；展示，描绘；意味着
②represent sb./sth.as…____________
③_____________向某人陈述某事
单句语法填空
6-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★☆）This indicates that there is a certain way quantity _______ （represent）in their brains.
6-2（2017江苏，阅读理解D，★★★）The loss of glaciers（冰川）there due to global warming ______ （represent）an enormous threat to agriculture.
6-3（★★★）To show the strength of unity, she held up one chopstick, ________ （represent）one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces.
猜测画线词词义
6-4（2016课标全国I，七选五改编，★☆☆）You might represent each letter with a number，for example. The message “Meet me” would read “1313 5 20 13 5”.
_____________________________________________________________________
知识点7 sum n.金额，款项；和
情景导学
In sum, if we do not address this issue now it will become uncontrollable in a few years.总之，如果我们现在不设法解决这个问题，几年后它就会变得无法控制
To sum up，for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
总而言之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。
归纳拓展
①sum n.总数；总和；全部；算术，简单的计算
the sum of………的金额/总和
②__________/to sum up总之，总而言之
③sum up概括；总结；估量，判断
单句语法填空
7-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★★）
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value-sometimes choosing，for example，a 13 _____ sum of 8 and 6.
7-2（★★☆）It is important to remember that success is a sum _____ small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.
完成句子
7-3（2020课标全国I，书面表达，★★☆）总而言之，Smith先生是一个值得尊敬的人，有很多高贵的品格。
_____ ______ _____, Mr. Smith is respectable man of many noble qualities.
知识点8 relevant adj.有关的，切题的；适宜的
情景导学
Overwhelmed by the amount of information，you need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information on your particular project.
由于信息量使你不知所措，你需要学习如何整理和查找你的特定项目的相关信息
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people today，which frequently causes heated debates.
很多人认为古典音乐与当今年轻人无关，这经常引起激烈的辩论
What relevance does that point have to the discussion？
那一点与这次的讨论有什么关系？
归纳拓展
①relevant作“有关的，切题的”讲时的反义词是irrelevant
②be relevant与……有关
③_______n.相关性
have relevance to与……有关联
单句语法填空
8-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，七选五，★★☆）Be sure to stay on topic and not offer
______（relevant）information.
8-2（2016北京，阅读理解A，★★☆）
Moreover，I completed the senior course of Computer Basics，plus five _____（relevance）pre-college courses.
8-3（★★☆）I don't think what he said is relevant ______ the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
8-4（★★☆）Classical music may be _______（relevant）to young people in the modern world than they realize！
写出画线词的同义词
8-5（★★☆）With the Internet，you don't have to go to the library to find the related resource and take notes on it._________
完成句子
8-6（★★☆）政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色没有相关性。
Politicians private lives _____ _____ _____ _____ their public roles.
答案：
知识点1
2.violence；against 3.violently
1-1 violence考查词性转换。句意：在过去的某个时候，黄石公园的爆炸力度肯定远远超出了人类已知的任何事物的规模。由空前的冠词a可知此处应用名词形式，故填名词 violence。
1-2 violent考查形容词。句意：孔子认为刀子会让人想起杀戮，而且在餐桌上使用太暴力。根据语境可知此处应用形容词作表语，表示“暴力的”，故填形容词 violent。
1-3 violently考查副词。句意：在没有重力的情况下，美国航天员的健身脚踏车也同样容易踩得很猛。设空处在句子中修饰动词 pedal（踩踏板），故应使用副词形式。
1-4 violently考查副词。句意：风又大又冷，猛烈地摇晃着我们的小野营车，我们躺在黑暗中发抖，直到风消失。设空处在句子中作状语，修饰 rocking，故应使用副词形式。
知识点2
2.与……无关 3. nothing but 4. nothing else 5.比较级
2-1 more tiring考查比较级。句意：失败可能是个人有过的最累的经历。没有什么比不成功更累的了。nothing等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义。由句意可知此句表示最高级意义，句中有nothing，故用形容词 tiring的比较级形式。
2-2 nothing考查固定短语。句意：我的彩电只会让我头痛。nothing but为固定短语，相当于only.意为“只有；只是，仅仅”。
2-3 better考查比较级。句意：作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同班同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。nothing等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义。
2-4 nothing else
2-5 nothing to do with
知识点3
1. doing 2.to 4.无法恢复；记不起来
3-1 recalls考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Whaley为Chris感到高兴。他回忆说，在年初，当被要求阅读时，Chis会如何请求准予离开去洗手间。由语境及上句中的feel可知应用一般现在时；主句主语是He，故填 recalls。
3-2 recall考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：如果你想和你的花园建立一个强有力的联系，通过花点时间回忆一下你年轻时的花园开始吧。remember指
“事情仍在记忆中，不必费劲就能想起”；recall指“对自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆”。根据句意，此处表示花时间去回忆，应该是有意的回忆，故选recall正确。
3-3 recall考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：教授不记得他或她写在你的个
人作品上的评论，可是他或她只要简单地看一眼你的作品就可以回忆起来它们。remind常用搭配为 remind sb. of sth.，表示“使某人想起某事，提醒某人某事”；recall I忆，多指（使某人）有意地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。故recall正确。
3-4 recall考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：传说端午节的起源是为了召唤屈原的灵魂。recall意为召回”。故 recall正确。
知识点4
1.to 2. through 3.获得成功，达到目标
4-1it考查固定短语。句意：计划约有100名学生参加周一上午9点的那个讲座，实际上几乎有20人准时到了教室，其中只有10人在前15分钟后仍然保持清醒，这并不奇怪。make it to准时到达。
4-2赶到
4-3幸免于难
4-4获得成功，达到目标
知识点5
1.in one's memory；bring back memories；in memory of for
5-1 memorable考查形容词。句意：无论你的年龄或兴趣是什么，巴克斯顿都有使你的游览真正难忘的事去看或者去做。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作make的宾语补足语，表示“值得纪念的难忘的”，故填 memorable。
5-2 memorizing考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子们有一半以上的时间会选择更高的数值，这表明它们在进行计算而不仅仅是记住每个组合的数值。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。they与 memorize为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
5-3 memories考查名词的数。句意：这些过程的发生是为了阻止我们的大脑充满记忆。根据句意memory在句中指“记忆”，是可数名词，其前没有限定词，应用复数。
5-4 in memory of
知识点6
2.把某人/某物描述成 3.represent sth. to sb.
6-1 is represented考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：这表明，在它们的大脑中有一定的方式来表示数量。that引导宾语从句，其中way后为定语从句，修饰way。定语从句表示客观事实，用一般现在时；quantity与 represent之间为被动关系，主语 quantity为不可数名词，故用 is represented。
6-2 represents考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：全球变暖导致的那里的冰川融化对农业意味着巨大的威胁。表示一种现实情况，用一般现在时；主语为The loss…，谓语应使用第三人称单数形式。故用 represents。
6-3 representing考查非谓语动词。句意：为了显示团结的力量，她举起一根筷子，代表一个人。然后她很容易地就把它掰成了两半。设空处作后置定语，修饰 chopstick，为主动关系，故用 representing。
6-4代表，表示
知识点7
2. in sum
7-1the考查冠词。句意：当研究小组更仔细地检查实验结果时，他们注意到当两者的值接近时，与一个单一的符号相比，猴子们倾向于低估一个和—比如，有时选择13多于8和6的和。由于后文有of 8 and6修饰，因此此处表特指，故用the。
7-2of考查介词。句意：重要的是，记住成功是每天所做的一点点努力的总和，并且往往需要数年才能实现。a sum of.意为“……的和”。
7-3 To sum up
知识点8
2.to 3. relevance
8-1 irrelevant考查形容词。句意：一定要紧扣主题，不要提供不相关的信息。根据句意可知此处应用relevant I的反义词表示“不相关的”，relevant的反义词为
irrelevant。
8-2 relevant考查形容词。句意：此外，我完成了计算机基础的高级课程，外加五门相关的大学预科课程。此处应用形容词修饰名词，表示“相关的”，故填relevant。
8-3to考查介词。句意：我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。be relevant to与……有关。
8-4 more relevant考查形容词的比较级。句意：古典音乐可能比他们意识到的更适合现代世界的年轻人！由句中的than可知此处应用形容词的比较级。
8-5 relevant句意：有了互联网，你不必去图书馆找相关的资料并在上面做笔记。relevant的同义词有：related，connected。
8-6 have no relevance to
1 / 12
词汇-情景破
知识点1 violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的；暴力的；愤怒的；激烈的；（情绪）极端的
情景导学
The forum dealt with issues such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.
论坛讨论了嗜毒、暴力和失业等问题。
We condemn any act of violence against women.
我们谴责对妇女的任何暴力行为。
Several people have been violently attacked in the subway.
有几个人在地铁里受到了暴力袭击。
归纳拓展
①a violent quarrel/argument/row激烈的争吵
②_______ n.暴力，暴力行为；激烈的力量；狂热
Violence__________对……的暴力（行为）
do violence to sth.破坏某事物，对某事物造成损害
③________adv.暴力地，剧烈地
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2019江苏，阅读理解B，★★☆）At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a _______ （violent）far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1-2（2016课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too _______ （violence）for use at the table.
1-3（★★☆）With no gravity，the exercise bike for the American astronauts is just as easy to pedal _______ （violent）.
1-4（★★☆）The winds were strong and cold rocking our little camping truck ______ （violent），and we lay shaking in the dark until the winds died away.
知识点2 nothing less than简直是；极其；不亚于
情景导学
There was nothing else the doctors could do.
医生们无能为力。
British preference for the weather has nothing to do with natural phenomena，but has something to do with the uncer-tainty.
英国人对天气的偏爱与自然现象无关，但与不确定性有些关系。
Choose your travel companions wisely，because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions.
明智地选择你的旅游伙伴，因为没有什么比合适的同伴对旅行的影响更大。
People might expect that the ever-growing demands for tourism would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holidaymakers.
人们可能认为，对旅游业的需求日益增长只会给接待度假者的国家带来好处。
归纳拓展
①（be）nothing less than sth =（be）nothing short of sth.简直是，近乎
②have nothing to do with____________
③_________=only仅仅；只有；只是
④_________别无其他
⑤nothing等否定词与_________连用，表示最高级含义。
单句语法填空
2-1（2016天津，阅读理解D，★★☆）Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing ______ （tiring）than not succeeding.
2-2（★★☆）My color television has given me _______ but a headache.
2-3（★★☆）As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing _______ （good）than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
完成句子
2-4（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空，★★☆）当我不能再做模特的时候，我不希望自己没有其他技能转而使用。
I don't want to have _____ _____ to fall back on when I can’t model any more.
2-5（★★☆）一些人声称这些建筑与一个地区的历史感毫无关系。
Some claim that the buildings have _____ _____ _____ _____ the historic feel of an area.
知识点3 recall v.回想，回忆起，使想起；召回，
情景导学
She recalled seeing him outside the shop on the night of the robbery.
她回忆起抢劫当晚在商店外见到了他。
I can’t recall who gave me the information.
我记不起是谁告诉我这个信息的。
A great number of retired doctors were recalled to medical duty to battle COVID-19.
许多退休的医生被召回执行医疗任务，与新冠肺炎斗争。
The paintings were damaged beyond recall.
这些画受到了毁灭性破坏。
归纳拓展
①recall ___________ /（that）/wh-…回忆起……
②recall sb. ______ sth.把某人召回某处
③recall n.记忆力；记性；召回；收回
④beyond recall _______
单句语法填空
3-1（2019课标全国Ⅰ，阅读理解B改编，★★☆）Whaley feels happy for Chris. He _______ （recall）how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
选词并用其正确形式填空
3-2（2016课标全国Ⅱ，七选五，★★☆）If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to ______ （recall/remember）the gardens of your youth.
3-3（★★☆）The professor doesn't remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work--though he or she will be able to ________ （recall/remind）them after just a brief glance at your work.
3-4（★★☆）Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon boat Festival is to _______（recall/remind）the soul of Qu Yuan.
知识点4 make it幸免于难；渡过难关
情景导学
Frank was seriously ill，and the doctors didn’t think he'd make it.
弗兰克病得很重，医生们认为他活不下去了。
We only made it to the concert a few minutes before it began.
我们在音乐会开始前几分钟才到。
I ended up graduating with honors，but during college I didn't think I’d make it at all.我最终以优异的成绩毕业，但在大学期间，我认为自己根本达不到目标。
I couldn't have made it through those days without the support of my teachers and peers.
没有老师和同龄人的支持，我不可能度过那些日子。
归纳拓展
①make it ___________...准时到达，赶上；成功进入（某阶段等）
②make it __________...成功挺过（一段艰难的时期）
③make it __________
单句语法填空
4-1（★★☆）With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture，it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make _____ to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes.
判断下列句子中 make it的含义
4-2（2019天津，完形填空，★★☆）She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
_____________________________________________________________________
4-3（★★☆）When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds，he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
_____________________________________________________________________
4-4（★★☆）What did I learn that day？I would never make it as a mathematician.
_____________________________________________________________________
知识点5 memorial ad纪念的，追悼的
情景导学
Those old songs bring back memories.
那些老歌唤起了回忆。
People in the city put up a statue in memory of those who died defending the city in the war.
这座城市的人们建造了一座雕像以纪念那些在战争中为保卫城市而牺牲的人。
The image has remained in my memory ever since.
这个形象从此就一直留在了我的记忆里。
She has an excellent memory for names.
她非常擅长记名字。
归纳拓展
①memory n.记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆
__________在某人的记忆里
__________唤起回忆
__________为了纪念，缅怀对……的记忆力
②memorable adj.值得纪念的；难忘的
③memorize vt.记住
单句语法填空
5-1（2019江苏，阅读理解A，★★☆）Whatever your or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly ______ （memory）.
5-2（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★★）After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just _______ （memorize）the value of each combination.
5-3（2017北京，七选五，★☆☆）The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with _________（memory）.
完成句子
5-4（★☆☆）为纪念格什温，举办了一场音乐会。
A concert was held _____ _____ _____ Gershwin.
知识点6 representative n.代表
情景导学
I don’t think you should represent me as so perfect.
我认为你不应该把我描述得这么完美。
He represented the matter to me in a much more charitable way.
他以一种更为仁爱的方式向我说明了这件事。
Representing my school，I would like to extend our warm welcome to you.
代表我校我想向你们表示热烈欢迎。
The firm has two representatives in every European city.
这家公司在每个欧洲城市都有两名代表。
归纳拓展
①represent v代表；为……代言/辩护；作为……的象征；象征；表示；（尤指不真实地）描述；正式提出（意见等）；展示，描绘；意味着
②represent sb./sth.as…____________
③_____________向某人陈述某事
单句语法填空
6-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★☆）This indicates that there is a certain way quantity _______ （represent）in their brains.
6-2（2017江苏，阅读理解D，★★★）The loss of glaciers（冰川）there due to global warming ______ （represent）an enormous threat to agriculture.
6-3（★★★）To show the strength of unity, she held up one chopstick, ________ （represent）one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces.
猜测画线词词义
6-4（2016课标全国I，七选五改编，★☆☆）You might represent each letter with a number，for example. The message “Meet me” would read “1313 5 20 13 5”.
_____________________________________________________________________
知识点7 sum n.金额，款项；和
情景导学
In sum, if we do not address this issue now it will become uncontrollable in a few years.总之，如果我们现在不设法解决这个问题，几年后它就会变得无法控制
To sum up，for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
总而言之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。
归纳拓展
①sum n.总数；总和；全部；算术，简单的计算
the sum of………的金额/总和
②__________/to sum up总之，总而言之
③sum up概括；总结；估量，判断
单句语法填空
7-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★★）
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value-sometimes choosing，for example，a 13 _____ sum of 8 and 6.
7-2（★★☆）It is important to remember that success is a sum _____ small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.
完成句子
7-3（2020课标全国I，书面表达，★★☆）总而言之，Smith先生是一个值得尊敬的人，有很多高贵的品格。
_____ ______ _____, Mr. Smith is respectable man of many noble qualities.
知识点8 relevant adj.有关的，切题的；适宜的
情景导学
Overwhelmed by the amount of information，you need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information on your particular project.
由于信息量使你不知所措，你需要学习如何整理和查找你的特定项目的相关信息
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people today，which frequently causes heated debates.
很多人认为古典音乐与当今年轻人无关，这经常引起激烈的辩论
What relevance does that point have to the discussion？
那一点与这次的讨论有什么关系？
归纳拓展
①relevant作“有关的，切题的”讲时的反义词是irrelevant
②be relevant与……有关
③_______n.相关性
have relevance to与……有关联
单句语法填空
8-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，七选五，★★☆）Be sure to stay on topic and not offer
______（relevant）information.
8-2（2016北京，阅读理解A，★★☆）
Moreover，I completed the senior course of Computer Basics，plus five _____（relevance）pre-college courses.
8-3（★★☆）I don't think what he said is relevant ______ the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
8-4（★★☆）Classical music may be _______（relevant）to young people in the modern world than they realize！
写出画线词的同义词
8-5（★★☆）With the Internet，you don't have to go to the library to find the related resource and take notes on it._________
完成句子
8-6（★★☆）政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色没有相关性。
Politicians private lives _____ _____ _____ _____ their public roles.
答案：
知识点1
2.violence；against 3.violently
1-1 violence考查词性转换。句意：在过去的某个时候，黄石公园的爆炸力度肯定远远超出了人类已知的任何事物的规模。由空前的冠词a可知此处应用名词形式，故填名词 violence。
1-2 violent考查形容词。句意：孔子认为刀子会让人想起杀戮，而且在餐桌上使用太暴力。根据语境可知此处应用形容词作表语，表示“暴力的”，故填形容词 violent。
1-3 violently考查副词。句意：在没有重力的情况下，美国航天员的健身脚踏车也同样容易踩得很猛。设空处在句子中修饰动词 pedal（踩踏板），故应使用副词形式。
1-4 violently考查副词。句意：风又大又冷，猛烈地摇晃着我们的小野营车，我们躺在黑暗中发抖，直到风消失。设空处在句子中作状语，修饰 rocking，故应使用副词形式。
知识点2
2.与……无关 3. nothing but 4. nothing else 5.比较级
2-1 more tiring考查比较级。句意：失败可能是个人有过的最累的经历。没有什么比不成功更累的了。nothing等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义。由句意可知此句表示最高级意义，句中有nothing，故用形容词 tiring的比较级形式。
2-2 nothing考查固定短语。句意：我的彩电只会让我头痛。nothing but为固定短语，相当于only.意为“只有；只是，仅仅”。
2-3 better考查比较级。句意：作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同班同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。nothing等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义。
2-4 nothing else
2-5 nothing to do with
知识点3
1. doing 2.to 4.无法恢复；记不起来
3-1 recalls考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Whaley为Chris感到高兴。他回忆说，在年初，当被要求阅读时，Chis会如何请求准予离开去洗手间。由语境及上句中的feel可知应用一般现在时；主句主语是He，故填 recalls。
3-2 recall考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：如果你想和你的花园建立一个强有力的联系，通过花点时间回忆一下你年轻时的花园开始吧。remember指
“事情仍在记忆中，不必费劲就能想起”；recall指“对自己或他人的过去进行有意的回忆”。根据句意，此处表示花时间去回忆，应该是有意的回忆，故选recall正确。
3-3 recall考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：教授不记得他或她写在你的个
人作品上的评论，可是他或她只要简单地看一眼你的作品就可以回忆起来它们。remind常用搭配为 remind sb. of sth.，表示“使某人想起某事，提醒某人某事”；recall I忆，多指（使某人）有意地回忆起已经被忘记的事情。故recall正确。
3-4 recall考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：传说端午节的起源是为了召唤屈原的灵魂。recall意为召回”。故 recall正确。
知识点4
1.to 2. through 3.获得成功，达到目标
4-1it考查固定短语。句意：计划约有100名学生参加周一上午9点的那个讲座，实际上几乎有20人准时到了教室，其中只有10人在前15分钟后仍然保持清醒，这并不奇怪。make it to准时到达。
4-2赶到
4-3幸免于难
4-4获得成功，达到目标
知识点5
1.in one's memory；bring back memories；in memory of for
5-1 memorable考查形容词。句意：无论你的年龄或兴趣是什么，巴克斯顿都有使你的游览真正难忘的事去看或者去做。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作make的宾语补足语，表示“值得纪念的难忘的”，故填 memorable。
5-2 memorizing考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子们有一半以上的时间会选择更高的数值，这表明它们在进行计算而不仅仅是记住每个组合的数值。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语。they与 memorize为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
5-3 memories考查名词的数。句意：这些过程的发生是为了阻止我们的大脑充满记忆。根据句意memory在句中指“记忆”，是可数名词，其前没有限定词，应用复数。
5-4 in memory of
知识点6
2.把某人/某物描述成 3.represent sth. to sb.
6-1 is represented考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：这表明，在它们的大脑中有一定的方式来表示数量。that引导宾语从句，其中way后为定语从句，修饰way。定语从句表示客观事实，用一般现在时；quantity与 represent之间为被动关系，主语 quantity为不可数名词，故用 is represented。
6-2 represents考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：全球变暖导致的那里的冰川融化对农业意味着巨大的威胁。表示一种现实情况，用一般现在时；主语为The loss…，谓语应使用第三人称单数形式。故用 represents。
6-3 representing考查非谓语动词。句意：为了显示团结的力量，她举起一根筷子，代表一个人。然后她很容易地就把它掰成了两半。设空处作后置定语，修饰 chopstick，为主动关系，故用 representing。
6-4代表，表示
知识点7
2. in sum
7-1the考查冠词。句意：当研究小组更仔细地检查实验结果时，他们注意到当两者的值接近时，与一个单一的符号相比，猴子们倾向于低估一个和—比如，有时选择13多于8和6的和。由于后文有of 8 and6修饰，因此此处表特指，故用the。
7-2of考查介词。句意：重要的是，记住成功是每天所做的一点点努力的总和，并且往往需要数年才能实现。a sum of.意为“……的和”。
7-3 To sum up
知识点8
2.to 3. relevance
8-1 irrelevant考查形容词。句意：一定要紧扣主题，不要提供不相关的信息。根据句意可知此处应用relevant I的反义词表示“不相关的”，relevant的反义词为
irrelevant。
8-2 relevant考查形容词。句意：此外，我完成了计算机基础的高级课程，外加五门相关的大学预科课程。此处应用形容词修饰名词，表示“相关的”，故填relevant。
8-3to考查介词。句意：我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。be relevant to与……有关。
8-4 more relevant考查形容词的比较级。句意：古典音乐可能比他们意识到的更适合现代世界的年轻人！由句中的than可知此处应用形容词的比较级。
8-5 relevant句意：有了互联网，你不必去图书馆找相关的资料并在上面做笔记。relevant的同义词有：related，connected。
8-6 have no relevance to
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