外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit3War and peace Using language 同步课堂重点练(有答案）
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高二英语同步课堂专练
Unit 3 War and peace
Section B Using language (重点练)
一、阅读理解
On the last Monday in May, people in the United States celebrate Memorial Day. This federal holiday honors members of the American military who died at war. Schools and government offices close. Most people in the US have this day off from work. People celebrate Memorial Day with outdoor parades.
Most Americans consider it the start of summer though the season really begins in June. With so many people off work, Memorial Day has also become a popular shopping day. However, on most occasions Memorial Day is a serious and even sorrowful holiday. Those who have lost family members at war visit burial sites to decorate the graves. They place flowers, wreaths and US flags on the graves.
Memorial Day comes from a tradition that began after the US Civil War called Decoration Day. The Civil War was a very dark time in the US history. Historians have long thought that about 620,000 soldiers died in the fighting. However, new research suggests that the dead numbered about 750,000.
In 1868, about 5,000 people gathered at Arlington National Cemetery on the edge of Washington, D. C. They decorated more than 10,000 graves of Union and Confederate soldiers. They called it Decoration Day. bone
The tradition spread to other areas of the country. In 1873, New York State called it Memorial Day and was the first to make it a legal-holiday. Other States allowed, but not all. Some southern states had (and-still have) separate celebrations that honor only dead Confederate soldiers.
After World War I ended in 1918, Memorial Day became a day to honor all American soldiers killed at war. In 1971, Congress passed a law making it an official federal holiday all over America.
（1）What's the purpose of Memorial Day in America
A.To mark the start of summer.
B.To let people enjoy themselves.
C.To show respect to dead soldiers.
D.To set a holiday to encourage soldiers.
（2）What's the atmosphere of American Memorial Day like on most occasions
A.Sad.
B.Casual.
C.Pleasant.
D.Relaxing.
（3）When did Memorial Casual, become a legal holiday throughout the US
A.In 1971.
B.In 1873.
C.In 1918.
D.In 1868.
（4）What is the best title for the text
A.Celebration Activities of Memorial Day in the US
B.The Prospect of American Memorial Day
C.Members Honored on American Memorial Day
D.The Evolution on Memorial Day in the US
二 七选五
.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the world was new, all the people of the world spoke one tongue. There was no hunger and people were never sick. The heat of the day brought no insects and no wild dogs came in the dark night.________.
In the land of the two great rivers there were many gods but Enki was among the greatest. ________ . He was wise and powerful.
The king of the city of Uruk was building a great temple to Enki, higher and more beautiful than any temple ever built. ________, but it was not complete. The king came to see the building and he wasn't satisfied. "This temple must be the most beautiful in the world, "he cried. "I must have more gold and diamonds. "
________, so the king of Uruk sent a message to demand they be sent to him. The king of Aratta refused angrily, saying, "You will never have the treasure of my people. You must send your armies and we will make war. "
Enki saw that thousands of people would die, so he spoke his nam-shub, words of magic in the original language of the world. The minds of people became confused. ________ . The kings of Aratta and Uruk, the soldiers and all the people found that they could not understand each other. Thus they travelled across the world to build new cities for themselves. The kings of Aratta and Uruk couldn't start a war any longer.
A. Skilled workers from across the land had been working for many years
B. All the people had bread and fish to eat
C. The land of Aratta had mountains full of gold and diamonds
D. The tongues of the world would be united again
E. One languages became many languages
F. Workers from Uruk suffered a lot
G. It was Enki who had brought water to the land
三、语法填空
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you know some surprising innovations (创新) came from World War I Here are some introductions to you.
⒈Daylight Saving Time The idea of fiddling with (拨弄) the clock has been around since ancient times, but it was not until World War I that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why To save resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. ________, and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion about the concept, the Washington Times used a comic strip to explain the first “spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
⒉Blood Banks ________, but doctors rarely performed them before World War I, when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson, a U.S. Army Reserve doctor consulting with the British army, recognized the need to stock blood before casualties (伤亡) occurred. .
⒊Hollywood With so much of Europe in the line of fire, the European film industry had to scale back (相应缩减) dramatically. ________. Hollywood was still in its early stage, but its studios soon made fortunes producing wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in the 1920s and '30s, including Wings, the winner of the first Academy Award for Best Picture.
⒋Plastic Surgery ________. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11,000 operations, mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. ________.
There were other innovations made during World War I, such as wristwatches, modern passports, zippers, drones, etc.
A. The Germans did it first, in 1916
B. That opened the door for the Americans
C. Blood transfusions (输血) date back to the 1600s
D. Gillies' operation became successful immediately
E. World War I left thousands of men scarred and maimed (伤残的)
F. Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G. After World War I the blood banks appeared in the United States.
参考答案
一【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国阵亡将士纪念日的历史演变过程。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This federal holiday honors members of the American military who died at war.”这个联邦节日是为了纪念在战争中牺牲的美国军人。可知，美国阵亡将士纪念日的目的是表示对死去的士兵的尊敬。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However, on most occasions Memorial Day is a serious and even sorrowful holiday.”然而，在大多数情况下，阵亡将士纪念日是一个严肃甚至悲伤的节日。由此可知，美国阵亡将士纪念日的气氛是悲伤的。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In 1971, Congress passed a law making it an official federal holiday all over America.”1971年，国会通过了一项法律，将美国阵亡将士纪念日定为全美的官方节日。可知，美国阵亡将士纪念日是在1971年成为美国的法定假日的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Memorial Day comes from a tradition that began after the US Civil War called Decoration Day.”阵亡将士纪念日起源于美国内战后的一个传统，称为“装饰日”。结合文章主要介绍了美国阵亡将士纪念日的历史演变过程。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 B；G；A；C；E
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。世界最初，所有世界人民说一种语言。没有饥饿，也没有人生病。文章讲述了最伟大的神Enki是如何让阿拉塔和乌鲁克的国王再也不能发动战争了。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The heat of the day brought no insects and no wild dogs came in the dark night.”炎热的白天没有昆虫，黑夜也没有野狗。承接上文，B. All the people had bread and fish to eat“所有的人都有面包和鱼吃”符合语境。故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ In the land of the two great rivers there were many gods but Enki was among the greatest. ”在两条大河的土地上有许多神，但Enki是其中最伟大的神之一；以及空后“He was wise and powerful.”他既聪明又强大。承接上下文，G.It was Enki who had brought water to the land“是Enki把水带到这片土地上来的”符合语境，故选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“but it was not complete. The king came to see the building and he wasn't satisfied.”但它并不完整。国王来看这座建筑，他不满意。but表示一种转折，承接下文，A.Skilled workers from across the land had been working for many years“来自全国各地的熟练工人多年来一直在工作”，符合语境，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“so the king of Uruk sent a message to demand they be sent to him. ”于是Uruk差遣人去请他们来见他。承接下文，C. The land of Aratta had mountains full of gold and diamonds“Aratta的土地上有满山的黄金和钻石”符合语境，故选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“The kings of Aratta and Uruk, the soldiers and all the people found that they could not understand each other. ”阿拉塔和乌鲁克的国王、士兵和所有的人都发现彼此无法理解。承接下文，E. One languages became many languages“一种语言变成了多种语言”符合语境。故选E。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三【答案】 A；C；B；E；F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第一次世界大战带来了一些令人惊讶的创新：德国最早使用的夏时制；血库在美国的出现；美国好莱坞大电影；整形手术及英国吉利斯被称为现代整形外科之父。
（1）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前“but it was not until World War I that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving”可知夏时制是在一战时全球各国政府才正式采用夏时制。一战时间(1914年-1918年)。 A. The Germans did it first, in 1916 “1916年德国人第一次这么做”符合题意，故选A。
（2）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。每一段的中心句后的第一句都是对这个创新的追溯，此空就是在中心句后的追溯。且此处“Blood Banks（血库）”以及输血。 C. Blood transfusions (输血) date back to the 1600s “输血可追溯到1600年）符合本段的写作手法，且意义一致，放入句中符合题意，故选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。第3小题所在的段的中心句“Hollywood”。本段主要叙述美国的好莱坞电影在欧洲电影业不得不缩减规模的情况下，战争为处于早期阶段的好莱坞电影提供了素材。可以推断出战争给美国的电影打开了大门。故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题所在段的中心句为“Plastic Surgery（整形手术）”。本文主要讲述了英国军医哈罗德·吉利斯和他的同事们进行了超过11000次的手术，大部分是针对因枪击而面部受伤的士兵。分析选项与此意义一致的只能是战争中伤残的人才会作整形手术。 E. World War I left thousands of men scarred and maimed (伤残的) “第一次世界大战留下了成千上万的伤残的人”符合题意，故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题所在段的中心句为“Plastic Surgery（整形手术）”。本文主要讲述了英国军医哈罗德 吉利斯和他的同事们进行了超过11000次的手术，大部分是针对因枪击而面部受伤的士兵。 F. Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery “吉利斯被称为现代整形外科之父。”与此空意义一致，不仅意义一致而且有词“Gillies”、“plastic surgery”词的复现，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
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Unit 3 War and peace
Section B Using language (重点练)
一、阅读理解
On the last Monday in May, people in the United States celebrate Memorial Day. This federal holiday honors members of the American military who died at war. Schools and government offices close. Most people in the US have this day off from work. People celebrate Memorial Day with outdoor parades.
Most Americans consider it the start of summer though the season really begins in June. With so many people off work, Memorial Day has also become a popular shopping day. However, on most occasions Memorial Day is a serious and even sorrowful holiday. Those who have lost family members at war visit burial sites to decorate the graves. They place flowers, wreaths and US flags on the graves.
Memorial Day comes from a tradition that began after the US Civil War called Decoration Day. The Civil War was a very dark time in the US history. Historians have long thought that about 620,000 soldiers died in the fighting. However, new research suggests that the dead numbered about 750,000.
In 1868, about 5,000 people gathered at Arlington National Cemetery on the edge of Washington, D. C. They decorated more than 10,000 graves of Union and Confederate soldiers. They called it Decoration Day. bone
The tradition spread to other areas of the country. In 1873, New York State called it Memorial Day and was the first to make it a legal-holiday. Other States allowed, but not all. Some southern states had (and-still have) separate celebrations that honor only dead Confederate soldiers.
After World War I ended in 1918, Memorial Day became a day to honor all American soldiers killed at war. In 1971, Congress passed a law making it an official federal holiday all over America.
（1）What's the purpose of Memorial Day in America
A.To mark the start of summer.
B.To let people enjoy themselves.
C.To show respect to dead soldiers.
D.To set a holiday to encourage soldiers.
（2）What's the atmosphere of American Memorial Day like on most occasions
A.Sad.
B.Casual.
C.Pleasant.
D.Relaxing.
（3）When did Memorial Casual, become a legal holiday throughout the US
A.In 1971.
B.In 1873.
C.In 1918.
D.In 1868.
（4）What is the best title for the text
A.Celebration Activities of Memorial Day in the US
B.The Prospect of American Memorial Day
C.Members Honored on American Memorial Day
D.The Evolution on Memorial Day in the US
二 七选五
.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the world was new, all the people of the world spoke one tongue. There was no hunger and people were never sick. The heat of the day brought no insects and no wild dogs came in the dark night.________.
In the land of the two great rivers there were many gods but Enki was among the greatest. ________ . He was wise and powerful.
The king of the city of Uruk was building a great temple to Enki, higher and more beautiful than any temple ever built. ________, but it was not complete. The king came to see the building and he wasn't satisfied. "This temple must be the most beautiful in the world, "he cried. "I must have more gold and diamonds. "
________, so the king of Uruk sent a message to demand they be sent to him. The king of Aratta refused angrily, saying, "You will never have the treasure of my people. You must send your armies and we will make war. "
Enki saw that thousands of people would die, so he spoke his nam-shub, words of magic in the original language of the world. The minds of people became confused. ________ . The kings of Aratta and Uruk, the soldiers and all the people found that they could not understand each other. Thus they travelled across the world to build new cities for themselves. The kings of Aratta and Uruk couldn't start a war any longer.
A. Skilled workers from across the land had been working for many years
B. All the people had bread and fish to eat
C. The land of Aratta had mountains full of gold and diamonds
D. The tongues of the world would be united again
E. One languages became many languages
F. Workers from Uruk suffered a lot
G. It was Enki who had brought water to the land
三、语法填空
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you know some surprising innovations (创新) came from World War I Here are some introductions to you.
⒈Daylight Saving Time The idea of fiddling with (拨弄) the clock has been around since ancient times, but it was not until World War I that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving time. Why To save resources such as fuel and extend the workday for the war effort. ________, and the Allies followed shortly after. To clear up confusion about the concept, the Washington Times used a comic strip to explain the first “spring forward” in the United States in 1918.
⒉Blood Banks ________, but doctors rarely performed them before World War I, when they were accomplished by transfusing blood directly from one person to another. Captain Oswald Robertson, a U.S. Army Reserve doctor consulting with the British army, recognized the need to stock blood before casualties (伤亡) occurred. .
⒊Hollywood With so much of Europe in the line of fire, the European film industry had to scale back (相应缩减) dramatically. ________. Hollywood was still in its early stage, but its studios soon made fortunes producing wartime movies. The war itself provided material for countless movies in the 1920s and '30s, including Wings, the winner of the first Academy Award for Best Picture.
⒋Plastic Surgery ________. British army surgeon Harold Gillies and his colleagues performed more than 11,000 operations, mostly on soldiers suffering from facial wounds from gunshots. ________.
There were other innovations made during World War I, such as wristwatches, modern passports, zippers, drones, etc.
A. The Germans did it first, in 1916
B. That opened the door for the Americans
C. Blood transfusions (输血) date back to the 1600s
D. Gillies' operation became successful immediately
E. World War I left thousands of men scarred and maimed (伤残的)
F. Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery
G. After World War I the blood banks appeared in the United States.
参考答案
一【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国阵亡将士纪念日的历史演变过程。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This federal holiday honors members of the American military who died at war.”这个联邦节日是为了纪念在战争中牺牲的美国军人。可知，美国阵亡将士纪念日的目的是表示对死去的士兵的尊敬。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However, on most occasions Memorial Day is a serious and even sorrowful holiday.”然而，在大多数情况下，阵亡将士纪念日是一个严肃甚至悲伤的节日。由此可知，美国阵亡将士纪念日的气氛是悲伤的。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“In 1971, Congress passed a law making it an official federal holiday all over America.”1971年，国会通过了一项法律，将美国阵亡将士纪念日定为全美的官方节日。可知，美国阵亡将士纪念日是在1971年成为美国的法定假日的。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Memorial Day comes from a tradition that began after the US Civil War called Decoration Day.”阵亡将士纪念日起源于美国内战后的一个传统，称为“装饰日”。结合文章主要介绍了美国阵亡将士纪念日的历史演变过程。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
二【答案】 B；G；A；C；E
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。世界最初，所有世界人民说一种语言。没有饥饿，也没有人生病。文章讲述了最伟大的神Enki是如何让阿拉塔和乌鲁克的国王再也不能发动战争了。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The heat of the day brought no insects and no wild dogs came in the dark night.”炎热的白天没有昆虫，黑夜也没有野狗。承接上文，B. All the people had bread and fish to eat“所有的人都有面包和鱼吃”符合语境。故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ In the land of the two great rivers there were many gods but Enki was among the greatest. ”在两条大河的土地上有许多神，但Enki是其中最伟大的神之一；以及空后“He was wise and powerful.”他既聪明又强大。承接上下文，G.It was Enki who had brought water to the land“是Enki把水带到这片土地上来的”符合语境，故选G。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“but it was not complete. The king came to see the building and he wasn't satisfied.”但它并不完整。国王来看这座建筑，他不满意。but表示一种转折，承接下文，A.Skilled workers from across the land had been working for many years“来自全国各地的熟练工人多年来一直在工作”，符合语境，故选A。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“so the king of Uruk sent a message to demand they be sent to him. ”于是Uruk差遣人去请他们来见他。承接下文，C. The land of Aratta had mountains full of gold and diamonds“Aratta的土地上有满山的黄金和钻石”符合语境，故选C。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“The kings of Aratta and Uruk, the soldiers and all the people found that they could not understand each other. ”阿拉塔和乌鲁克的国王、士兵和所有的人都发现彼此无法理解。承接下文，E. One languages became many languages“一种语言变成了多种语言”符合语境。故选E。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
三【答案】 A；C；B；E；F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第一次世界大战带来了一些令人惊讶的创新：德国最早使用的夏时制；血库在美国的出现；美国好莱坞大电影；整形手术及英国吉利斯被称为现代整形外科之父。
（1）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前“but it was not until World War I that governments around the globe officially adopted daylight saving”可知夏时制是在一战时全球各国政府才正式采用夏时制。一战时间(1914年-1918年)。 A. The Germans did it first, in 1916 “1916年德国人第一次这么做”符合题意，故选A。
（2）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。每一段的中心句后的第一句都是对这个创新的追溯，此空就是在中心句后的追溯。且此处“Blood Banks（血库）”以及输血。 C. Blood transfusions (输血) date back to the 1600s “输血可追溯到1600年）符合本段的写作手法，且意义一致，放入句中符合题意，故选C。
（3）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。第3小题所在的段的中心句“Hollywood”。本段主要叙述美国的好莱坞电影在欧洲电影业不得不缩减规模的情况下，战争为处于早期阶段的好莱坞电影提供了素材。可以推断出战争给美国的电影打开了大门。故选B。
（4）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题所在段的中心句为“Plastic Surgery（整形手术）”。本文主要讲述了英国军医哈罗德·吉利斯和他的同事们进行了超过11000次的手术，大部分是针对因枪击而面部受伤的士兵。分析选项与此意义一致的只能是战争中伤残的人才会作整形手术。 E. World War I left thousands of men scarred and maimed (伤残的) “第一次世界大战留下了成千上万的伤残的人”符合题意，故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题所在段的中心句为“Plastic Surgery（整形手术）”。本文主要讲述了英国军医哈罗德 吉利斯和他的同事们进行了超过11000次的手术，大部分是针对因枪击而面部受伤的士兵。 F. Gillies became known as the father of modern plastic surgery “吉利斯被称为现代整形外科之父。”与此空意义一致，不仅意义一致而且有词“Gillies”、“plastic surgery”词的复现，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
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