北师大版（2019必修第一册 Unit1 Life Choices单元语法详解课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
Unit 1 Life choices
单元语法详解
北师大版新教材必修一
本单元重要语法
非谓语动词
◆原句再现
a. Besides doing all my schoolwork, I chat with my friends, watch films
and read the daily news and other interesting articles.（教材 P8）
b. It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from
different online shops before I buy. (教材 P8）
c. My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.
(教材 P8)
d. I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.
(教材 P9)
f. To achieve all I want, I must use my time well. (教材 P 9)
g. I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. (教材 P 9)
h. …., Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.
(教材 P 14)
◆概念：不能在句中独立作谓语动词,请观察以下句子是否完整
a. Tom studying in the classroom. (错误)
b. The little boy to go to school next week. (错误)
c. We all done our homework already. (错误)
◆形式
动名词 (doing)
动词不定式 (to do)
现在分词 (doing)
过去分词 (done)
◆语法功能
◆性质：性质：非谓语动词具有名词、形容词、副词的作用,可在
句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语、宾语补足语等，即除谓
语以外的一切成分。同时，仍具有动词的特点，可以带自己的宾语,
与宾语一起构成非谓语动词短语
● 动名词：具有名词性质，可在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语;
同时保留有动词的性质，可以带自己的宾语，请观察以下句子
a. Talking with her is a great pleasure. （主语）
b. They advised holding a meeting at once. （宾语）
c. Her job is looking after the children. （表语）
d. The swimming pool is very near my school. （定语）
温馨提示
※下面这些动词或动词短语后常接动名词
mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape, consider(考虑), admit(承认), allow/
permit, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, finish, practice, suggest, advise,delay,
recommend, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, give
up, be used to (习惯做), look forward to, object to, pay attention to,
put off, be devoted to,….
※介词后出现动词时要用动名词,请观察以下句子
a. She spent two hours in doing her homework.
b. I am thinking about going abroad.
c. To survive, the old man depended on selling newspapers in the past.
●不定式：相当于名词、形容词、副词。在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语, 请观察以下句子
a. To serve the people heart and soul is glorious. ( 主语 )
b. They expected to see the famous scientist. ( 宾语 )
c. My dream is to go to Qinghua University. ( 表语）
d. We have something important to do next. （定语）
e. Her father wishes her to learn piano. （宾语补足语）
f. He got up early to / in order to / so as to catch the first bus.
=To / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. (目的状语）
g. He hurried to the station only to find the train left.
(结果状语）
h. She is too young to go to school. （结果状语）
●现在分词：相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语，请观察以下句子
a. The movie is very interesting. （表语）
b. The exciting news made us jumped. （定语）
c. He found the book extremely moving. （宾语补足语）
d. Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. （时间状语）
=When they heard the news, they jumped with joy.
e. Being ill yesterday, he didn’t come to school. (原因状语）
f. Reading carefully, you will learn something. new. （条件状语）
g. he left half way, making us unhappy. （结果状语）
h. Being ill, he kept on going to school as usual. (让步状语）
i. The children sat under a tree, reading. （伴随状语）
●过去分词：相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语, 请观察以下句子
a. We were all excited at the good news. （表语）
b. The moved girls couldn’t say a word. （定语）
c. The building built last year is very beautiful. （定语）
d. Her words made us surprised at that time. （宾语不足语）
e. Found by us, he was lying on the seashore. （时间状语）
f. Encouraged by him, we decided to work hard.（原因状语）
g. Given more time, we will do better. （条件状语）
h. Laughed at by them, he kept on writing. （让步状语）
i. The man went into the room, supported by her. (方式状语)
◆几个关键点
●动词不定式作主语和宾语时，可用 it 作形式主语和形式宾语代
替不定式，请观察以下句子
a. It is important to take some exercise.
= To take some exercise is important.
b. I think it possible to finish the job.
贴心提示：如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式
前加一个由 for 或 of 引起的短语。当形容词表示人的品质或性格
时一般用 of, 否则用 for, 请观察以下句子
a. It is kind of you to give us some advice.
b. It is very important for the children to swim.
温馨告知： it 作形式主语时也可以代替动名词，但常用在一些固定
结构中
a. It is no good eating too much fat.
b. It is no use saying these words.
●现在分词和过去分词的区别：现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行
,过去分词表示动作已完成或表示被动,请观察以下句子
a. The girl playing near the river is my sister.
(主动和正在进行)
b. The vase stolen last week is valuable. (被动或完成)
It is no good doing something.
It is no use doing something.
请观察以下句子
●有些动词不定式作宾补时不带 to，主要是一些表“使 /让”意义
的动词 make , let , have 和感官动词 see , watch , look at , observe ,
notice , hear ,listen to , feel，请观察以下句子
a. The teacher made/had/let us do much homework yesterday.
b. We often hear her sing in the next room. (经常)
c. I saw him dance in the park last week.
(动作已发生而且表示主动）
请比较：
a. I saw him dancing then. （动作正在进行）
b. We noticed the man taken by the police yesterday.
●某些动词或词组后接动名词和动词不定式表达不同意义
stop to do something. (停止原事去做另一事，表目的)
stop doing something. (停止正在做的事情）
go on to do something.(停止原事继续做另1事，表目的)
go on doing something. (继续做另一件事儿)
try to do something. （尽力做某事）
try doing something. （试着做某事）
mean to do something. （打算做某事）
mean doing something. （意味着做某事）
remember/forget/regret to do something. （没发生）
remember/forget/regret doing something. (已发生)
can’t help do something. （不能帮助做某事）
can’t help doing something. （禁不住做某事）
●当表达 “某物需要（被）做” 时,常用下面三个动词后接动名
词的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式
某物 + want / need / require to be done.
某物 + want / need / require doing.
请观察以下句子
a. My bike needs repairing / to be repaired.
b. This machine wants checking / to be checked.
●动名词的复合结构：形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名
词构成动名词的复合结构，请观察以下句子
a. Would mind his coming late for the meeting
b. Tom’s getting up early made his father happy.
温馨告知：动名词复合结构在作主语时，须用名词或代词所有格；
作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格，请观察以下句子
a. Tom’s (His) coming made us very excited.
b. I didn’t mind Jack/ Jack’s (him / his) coming late.
●非谓语动词的否定形式：非谓语动词前加 not 构成否定形式,请
观察以下句子
a. We told them not to go there at night.
b. Not having received a reply, he wrote again.
c. Not working hard is completely wrong.
d. Not given better care, the flowers has faded.
●非谓语动词 (除过去分词) 的进行式、被动式、完成式和完成被动
式 ,请观察以下句子
a. He hopes to be employed by the company.
b. The girl pretended to be reading.
c. They seemed to have seen the film.
d. Having been told, I still couldn’t understand it.
●现在分词和动名词做定语时的区别：现在分词作定语表示性质特征或主动进行
※表示主动进行的:boiling water/a flying kite/the rising sun/running water / a sleeping cat / a dancing girl…..
※表示性质特征的:a boring lesson / an exciting film / an interesting story / a surprising ending…..
※动名词作定语只表示用途: a swimming pool/a walking stick/a washing machine/the waiting room / a sleeping bag…..
◆考点训练：用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. Alice has delayed _____________( write ) to her till today.
2. The country forbids ___________ ( sell ) these books to the children.
3. Can you imagine _________(stand) in the sun for a whole day
4. _______ (see ) those picture, he couldn’t help thinking of those days
in the small village.
5. ___________ ( inspire ) by the teacher, they decided to study English
harder than ever.
6. Warmly ____________ ( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to
fall asleep.
7. _________ ( arrive ) at the station, we found the train gone.
writing
selling
standing
Seeing
Inspired
praised
Arriving
8.While ____________ ( cross )the street, look out for cars.
9. __________ ( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.
10. The doctor did everything he could ________ ( save ) the patient.
11. _________________ (improve )his English, Wang Ling works much
harder.
12. _______ (see) from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.
13. ________ (leave) at home, the little girl felt much afraid.
14. ________ (judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.
15. The building _______________( put ) up next year will be our new
company.
16. There was an old temple __________ ( stand ) at the top of the hill.
17. There is a sports meeting ________________ ( hold ) next Tuesday.
crossing
Given
Having improved
Seen
Left
Judging
to be put
standing
to be held
18. He was the first person ________________ (come) to the
classroom this morning.
19. Do you have anything ___________ ( say )
20. Here are some books for you __________ ( read ).
21. __________ ( pollute) rivers and lakes must be recovered.
22. The __________ (sleep) boy is smiling in his dream.
to come
to say
to read
Polluted
sleeping
That’s all!
Thank you!