北师大版（2019）必修第一册 Unit2 Sports and Fitness TOPIC TALK — LESSON1The Underdog 词汇精讲课堂课件(共53张PPT)

(共53张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新北师
单元：必修一 Unit 2（TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1）
本单元词汇梳理
1. athlete：词源：在古希腊时期，人们在祭祀神祗时，往往会
举办各种比赛，如赛跑、格斗等体育活动，还有戏剧、演讲等其他类型的比赛。比赛往往设有奖品，如桂冠。参与比赛、争夺奖品的人在希腊语中就被称为 athletes ，字面意思就是“争夺奖品的人”，源自名词 athlon （奖品）及动词 athlein （争夺奖品）。英语单词 athlete 就来源于此，原本表示参与比赛的选手，后来词义缩写为参与体育比赛的选手。
派生词：athletic
2. frequency：frequ- (regular 经常的) + -ency (名词后缀)
词族：frequent — frequently — frequency
4. badminton：词源：badminton原本是个地名，是英国Duke of Beaufort Badminton庄园。当时的庄园主人改造了网球球拍，并在庄园中用其招待宾客。因此，羽毛球这种运动迅速在英国发展起来。由于它起源于 badminton 庄园，所以人们把它称作 badminton。
5. jog：派生词 jogging
词块：go jogging
6. cycle：cycl- (ring, circle 圆、环) + -e
词族：cycle, cycling, recycle
7. skateboard：合成词 skate + board
8. track：一词多义：基本义“足迹；（……）留下的痕迹”
词块：keep / lose track of
9. balanced：balance + -ed (分词形容词)
词块：a balanced diet
10. regularly：regular + -ly
近义词：often
11. within：合成词 with + in
词块：within reach
12. underdog：合成词 under + dog；
词源义：the beaten dog in a fight。underdog一词最早
出现于19世纪中期，源自于非法的斗狗行为，
underdog就是输掉战斗的犬只。
13. defeat：de- (un-, not) + facere (to do, perform 做) ，“做”的
相反面就是“毁灭”，引申为“打败”
pany：com- (with, together 共同) + -pan- (bread 面包) +
-y 名词词尾 → 一同分享面包的人 → 公司，公
司就是一群共同挣面包、分面包的人组成的团队）
词块：set up / start a company, enjoy sb’s company,
keep company (with), keep sb company
15. guy：非正式用语 (对应 man)
16. champion：champ (field 平地、战场) + -ion (人) → 战场上
的胜利者 → 冠军
17. inspiration：inspire + -ation
词族：inspire — inspiration — inspired — inspiring
抽象名词具体化：表示“启发灵感的人 / 事物”
时是可数名词
18. replacement：replace + -ment
19. desire：词源义 “from the stars” 星星、星辰，词源同
consider。古代的占星术是通过星辰移位来推测世
事变迁，期望星辰按理想的状态运行，引申为“渴望”。
词块：satisfy one’s desire to do sth, a desire for, desire to do sth
20. crash：词源：拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音
一词多义：基本义“撞碎”
词块：crash into
21. gather：一词多义：基本义“使集中”
派生词：gathering
22. pack：名词动词化
23. sharply：sharp + -ly
词族：sharp — sharpen — sharply
24. energy：基本义“能”
词块：be full of energy
派生词：energetic
25. crowd：词块：a crowd of
派生词：crowded；词块：be crowed with
26. clap：拟声词，模仿鼓掌的声音
27. earn：词块 earn a / one’s living, earn money
prefer
精准的汉语释义
track
一词多义
crash
一词多义熟词生义
一词多义
gather
一词多义
pay off
重难点词精讲
regular & regularly
一词多义英语释义
desire
搭配义
辨析义
prefer
like … better尤用于口语，而prefer不仅在口语中常用，在书面语中也常用。
like … better than …
prefer … to …
I like our new teacher better than the one we had before.
I prefer our new teacher to the one we had before.
比较下面两个句子：
prefer
vt [不用于进行时] 更喜欢；更愿意：
She prefers her coffee black.
① prefer sb / sth to do sth:
I’d prefer you to start early.
学习英语如果不懂背后的文化，那么就会很吃力，尤其是背后的引申义让人匪夷所思。white coffee 按字面意思就是白色咖啡，但是千万不要这样翻译，white coffee是一个引申的短语，意思是牛奶咖啡。
white coffee西方人解释是加牛奶或者稀奶油的咖啡； black coffee也不是黑色咖啡的意思，而是原汁原味不加牛奶或糖的浓咖啡。
英美文化大讲堂
confidence man; black tea; old cat
Would you like black or white coffee
② prefer to do sth / doing sth:
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. 2013 安徽
I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sunday.
③ prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth:
I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.
I would prefer reading books to watching television.
preference n
[C] & [U] 偏爱；优先 (权)：
A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils.
[C] 偏爱的事物 / 人：
Wine or beer Which is your preference
preferred adj 首选的；有优先权的
词汇拓展
regular
regular源自单词 rule (规则；规律)
它的基本义是“规则的；有规律的”
regular or irregular
规则的；有规律的；定期的 反 irregular
having the same amount of space or time
between each thing or part：
The sides of the building aren’t regular, so the
building has an unusual shape. 2014 湖北
The equipment is checked on a regular basis.
regular adj
[只用于名词前] 经常的；频繁的
happening or doing sth very often;
frequent：
regular customers / readers
[只用于名词前]正常的；惯常的；普通的：
a regular school / class
Our regular opening hours are 10 a.m. to 7 p.m.
持久的；稳定的 lasting or happening over a long period：
Maybe a regular job won’t be as dull as I feared. 2014 天津
[语法]规则的
regular verbs and irregular verbs
regularly adv 有规律地；定期地；经常：
We meet regularly, once a month.
Two thirds of the world’s population regularly eat rice.
词汇拓展
regular语义网络图
regular
（有）规律的
(基本义)
事件发生的频率很高，其间“有”着内在的“规律”
事件通常情况下的发生“有规律”
事件“有规律”得
持续很长一段时间
经常的；
频繁的
正常的；
惯常的；
普通的
持久的；
稳定的
时间或空间间隔“有规律”
规则的；
有规律的； 定期的
regularly
有规律地；定期地
经常
track
track
n [C]
[常用复数] 足迹；轨迹；车辙：
follow sb’s tracks
We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.
小路；小径：
It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track.
(铁路) 轨道；滑轨：
railway tracks
跑道；径赛运动：
They ran five times round the track.
track and field events 田径项目
keep track of 与……保持联系；了解……的动态：
They read the newspapers every day to keep track of current events.
lose track of 失去……的线索；与……失去联系；忘记：
The police have lost track of the criminals. I had so much fun that I lost track of time.
vt 跟踪；追踪
Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and
returns them. 2019 浙江改
track的语义网络图
足迹；（……）留下的痕迹
基本义
人、动物、车辆等经过后留下的痕迹
足迹；轨迹；车辙
被踩出的痕迹
运动员运动的痕迹
径赛运动
小路；小径
跑道
和跑道有关的
体育运动
跟踪；追踪
v
desire
■ n [C] & [U] 渴望；欲望：
Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. 2019 天津
I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed. 2012 天津
She had little desire for power.
Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”
词源：from the stars (星星、星辰)，词源同 consider。古代的占星术是通过星辰移位来推测世事变迁，期望星辰按理想的状态运行，引申为“渴望”。
■ vt［不用于进行时］［正式用语］渴望；期望：
He is truly rich who desires nothing.
desire to do sth:
He desired to win the game.
desirable adj［正式用语］值得做的；值得拥有的；理想的
辨析 desire, wish, want
三者都含有“想”“希望”之意。
desire 较正式，可代替 wish 和 want，强调主观愿望的热切，有“渴盼”的意思。
He got the book he desired.
wish 语气比 desire 弱，一般用于难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，强调主观愿望，有“希望、愿、想”之意。
I wish I could have a new car.
want 多用于口语和普通场合，有“想、要、需要”之意。
She wants me to go with her.
All I want is the truth.
crash最初是一个象声词，模仿打碎的声音“哗啦……”；随着社会的发展，产生了“(公司等) 倒闭”“(股票) 暴跌”“(计算机等) 死机”等意思。名词释义是由动词释义转化而来。
crash (v) 出现于公元前14世纪晚期，词源义是“break in pieces”“打碎”。
crash 词源解读
vi & vt （使）发出撞击声；（使）发出爆裂声：
crash v
The plates crashed to the floor.
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.
vi & vt （使飞机） 坠毁；（使汽车等） 猛撞：
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
He crashed his car into a wall.
vi （公司等）倒闭；（股票）暴跌；（计算机等）死机；崩溃：
The company crashed with debts of 2 million.
The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow, and they often crash.
crash n [C]
[常用单数] 哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声：
At that moment, we hear a huge crash and then silence.
碰撞 (事件)；(飞机) 坠毁：
All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.
暴跌；(计算机等的) 崩溃：
tips for fixing computer system crashes
crash 语义网络图
(使飞机) 坠毁
(公司等)倒闭
从撞击、爆裂声引申为相应的动作
由具体到抽象
crash
打碎（哗啦声）
词源义
(使汽车等) 猛撞
(股票)暴跌
(计算机等)死机
……
gather v
vi & vt (使) 聚集；(使) 聚拢：
We’ll gather at the Students’ Club at 8 p.m. this Friday. 2012 全国书面表达
vt 搜集；采集 (collect)；[正式用语] 收 (庄稼等)：
Bees gather honey.
The harvest festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. 人教新③–1改
vt 增加；vi 渐增；积聚：
He gathered (up) all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.
2013 山东
推测；认为：
I gather from your letter that you’ re not enjoying your job.
基本义——使集中
gathering n [C] 聚会；集会
（使）集中
gather
（词源义）
收拢；归拢
（使）聚集；（使）集合
使人“集中”
使分散的东西“集中”
采集；收割（庄稼等）
使植物、庄稼等“集中”
gather的语义网络图
使已知事物“集中”，产生想法
推测；认为
根据所给提示，完成句子。
团队合作获得了成功。
Teamwork ___________________.
paid off
succeeded
pay off
pay off
还清（欠债等）：
Once we’ve paid off the debts, we’ll owe money to no one.
取得成功；得到好结果：
He studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A.
付清工资后解雇；遣散：
Over 1,000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes.
用于pay off sth 或 pay sth off结构。通常接account, debt, loan等作宾语。
用于sth pay off 结构。通常用effort, hard work, persistence等作主语。
用于 pay sb off 结构。
付清
（基本义）
还清（欠债等）
付清工资后解雇；遣散
“付清”工资后解雇某人
“付清”债务等
pay off 的语义网络图
取得成功；得到好结果
“付清”努力取得结果
随堂检测
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. I’d prefer _____________________ (travel) by train.
2. I prefer my English classes _______________ (teach) in English only.
3. I prefer going out for a more active life on Sundays to _________ (stay) at home all day.
二、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。
1. Some people _________________________（喜欢散步多于喜欢
爬山）.
2. My parents _____________________________（更喜欢早起）in the morning. （2014 四川阅读）

travelling / to travel
to be taught
staying
prefer walking to climbing
prefer getting up / to get up early
prefer
一、将下列短语按regular的释义分类。
a regular customer, a regular heartbeat, on a regular basis,
a regular occurrence（常事）
regular释义① ：规则的；定期的；有规律的 following a pattern, especially with the same time and space in between each thing and the next
regular释义② ：频繁的；经常的 happening or doing sth very often; frequent
regular 释义① __________________ ____________________
regular 释义② __________________ ____________________
a regular customer
a regular occurrence
on a regular basis
a regular heartbeat
regular
二、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. After years of regular treatment, she finally became healthy. （2016 天津） ____________
2. The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. （2012 安徽） _____________
3. On Monday he would have to return to his regular duties. ____________
4. The handsome actor has a face with regular features.
____________
5. This is the best burger in Houston for sure. I absolutely love getting a cheeseburger, regular fries and a soda here. _____________
正常的
中份 / 标准
端正的 （a face with regular features 五官端正的脸庞）
规则的
定期的
三、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who ______________________________________________（经常锻炼）. （2014 天津）
2. She couldn’t find any _________________ （固定的工作）.
3. I’m a ________________（忠实读者）of your newspaper. （2011 全国）
4. Hannah still has the normal life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl, except that she ___________________ （定期拜访）to homeless people. （2017 北京）
exercises regularly 或takes / does regular exercise
pays regular visits
regular job
regular reader
1. We __________________________ （跟着熊留下的足迹）in the snow.
2. As a journalist, he has to ____________________ （了解）events all over the Middle East.
3. Celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to _____________ （忘记） who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them. （2013 北京）
4. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous ____________（径赛运动会）. （2016 北京）
一、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。
track
followed the bear’s tracks
keep track of
lose track of
track meets
二、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. After my graduation, Dad’s business was getting back on track. （2015
陕西） __________
2. Within two years after her arrival in Canada, Diana at last achieved her original goal when her new store opened its doors in Toronto’s Sheppard Centre. She was on the fast-track to success. （2011 福建） __________
3. The president of the Australasian Society for the Study of Obesity said parents needed help in doing their job and the Opposition Party’s policy might be on the right track. __________
步入正轨
成功在望
做法对路
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
From the earliest ages, children desire _________ (help) others, to share information and to work together to achieve common goals.（2016 江苏改）
二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。
1. She had little _____________（对……的欲望）power（权利）.
2. Reading _________________________________（满足了我想继续……的强烈渴望） learning.
desire
to help
satisfies my strong desire to keep
desire for
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noise — it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling. （2013 重庆）
____________
2. When did the computer crash （2012 福建） ____________
3. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right
things to do on the road to avoid crashes. （2012 广东） ____________
4. It was sad news that no one survived the AirAsia plane crash which happened
on December 28, 2014. ____________
发出撞击声
死机
碰撞（事件）
飞机失事；飞机坠毁事故
crash
5. The team crashed to their worst defeat this season.
________________
6. Investigators are still trying to figure out why the engines in
this plane lost power, forcing it to crash-land with more than
150 passengers on board. ________________
7. There was a crash of thunder just now. ________________
（比赛中）溃败；惨败
紧急迫降
一声炸雷；一声响雷
二、What does “crash a party” mean
To “crash a party” is an idiomatic expression that means to attend a party without receiving an invitation. This expression may have developed from the idea of breaking and entering. If uninvited guests want to find a way into a party, they would need to break in, probably resulting in the sound of a crash either through smashing glass or breaking furniture. Depending on the kind of party one is trying to attend, however, it is unlikely that one would actually have to break anything in order to enter. Typically the term “crash a party” is used by teens and college students to describe going to parties without an invitation. Most adults rarely crash a party.
________________________
擅自闯入宴会；不邀而至
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I came up with a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. （2010 浙江） _____________
2. By gathering regularly and sharing each other’s stories, these women formed a support group. _____________
3. The boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures （签名）to stop the development. （2014 湖南） _____________
4. The bicycle gathered speed as it went down the hill. _____________
5. It was late August and the harvest had been safely gathered in.
_____________
gather
聚集；召集
聚集；聚会
收集
加速
收割
二、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。
1. Every Tuesday afternoon, they _______________ （聚在一起）to exchange their ideas on books. （2009 重庆）
2. ______________________ （围着篝火）, the tourists danced with the local people. （2011 辽宁）
3. However serious a problem you may have, you should ______________________ （鼓起勇气）to face the challenge. （2010 上海）
4. _________________________ （用她搜集到的信息）in the camp she hopes to complete her project on wildlife.
Gathering around the fire
gather (up) your courage
gather together
With information she gathers
三、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. In the gathering darkness it was hard to see the ball.
____________
2. Bruce Pederson says the idea of sharing books is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. （2016 全国） ____________
3. She was still trying to gather her thoughts together when the door opened. ____________
4. All was peaceful but then I saw Kathy’s hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said “Nice, nice sweetie” and I put a candy into her mouth. （2008 湖北改） ____________
越来越暗；黑暗加剧
积灰
集中思想；整理思绪
拉近；拥抱
pay off
一、根据句意，选出pay off 的最佳释义。
_____ 1. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever.（2014 全国）
_____ 2. We decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage（抵押贷款） on our ruined house.
①
②
① 还清（欠债等） ② 取得成功；得到好结果
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 他们将在25年内还清债务。
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. 辛勤的劳动没有白费。（2015 福建）_____________________________________________________
3. 我希望现在付出的努力会得到好结果。（2011 山东）
_____________________________________________________
They will pay off their debts within 25 years. / Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.
Hard work pays off.
I hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.
4. 多亏了我最亲爱的老师，我所有的努力有了回报，最终我成了尖子
生。(top) （2014 山东）
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. 这位运动员最后赢得奥运会金牌的时候，她多年的艰苦训练有了回报。（2012 安徽）
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Thanks to my dearest teacher, all my efforts paid off and finally I became a top student.
The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
谢
谢
观
赏