北师大版（2019）必修第一册 Unit2 Sports and Fitness LESSON3 — READING CLUB2 词汇精讲课堂课件

(共50张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新北师
单元：必修一 Unit 2 （LESSON 3 — READING CLUB 2）
本单元词汇梳理
1. relieve：re- (again 再) + liev- (lift up, lighten 轻) + -e → 再轻 → 减轻
词族：relieve, relief, relieved
2. strengthen：strength (力量) + -en (使；使成为)
词族：strong — strength — strengthen
3. system：音译词；sy- (together 一起) + -st (stand 站立)
词源义：有机整体
词块：immune system；派生词：systematic
4. weekly：week + -ly (每隔……时间)；
同类词：daily, hourly, monthly
5. awkward：awk- (方式或手法不正确) + ward (后缀) → 相反的 → 笨拙的 → 尴尬的
同义词：embarrassing, difficult, inconvenient
6. particular：词块：in particular; be particular about / over
7. benefit：bene- (well 好) + fit (do, perform 做) → 做好处、善举 → 个人
利益，即善有善报
词块：benefit from, be of great benefit
8. membership：member + -ship
词块：membership card
9. equipment：equip + ment；
词块：a piece of equipment
10. capable：cap- (hold 拿、取) + -able；词块：be capable of
派生词：capability
11. prevent：pre- (before 前、先) + -vent- (come 来) → 预先来到 → 预防
派生词：prevention
词块：prevent sb from doing sth
12. disease：dis- (不；非；使相反) + ease (放松；舒服) →
不舒服、生病 → 疾病
13. upper：up的比较级；词块：upper class
14. flow：一词多义：基本义：流动
15. relief：构词法 relieve — relief
词块：in / with relief, to one’s relief
16. ache：近义词 hurt
17. guideline：合成词guide + line；词块：guidelines on
18. click：拟声词；基本义“点击”；词块：click on, a click of
19. detail：de- (entirely 完全) + tail- (cut in pieces 剪成小块) →
完全剪碎 → 细节
词块：in detail, go into details
派生词：detailed
20. amount：a- (加强意义) + -mount- (mountain 山) → 到达山顶
→ 到达最顶处 → 总、合
词块：a large amount of; amount to
21. shortcut：合成词short + cut
22. overnight：over- (越过) + night (夜晚)
23. achievable： achieve + -able
24. muscle：词源：英语单词muscle来自拉丁语musculus，和mus (老鼠) 的指小形式，其实就是“小老鼠”的意思。古罗马人觉得鼓起的肌肉很像一只跳跃的小老鼠。希腊语和德语中，“肌肉”和“老鼠”是同一个词，阿拉伯语中的“肌肉”和“老鼠”的拼写也很接近。
25. satisfaction：词族：satisfy, satisfied, satisfying, satisfaction
26. overdo：over- (超过、过度) + do (做)
27. sight：词源同see。
意为“景点”时常用复数；sightseeing
sight词块：in / out of (one’s) sight, lose one’s sight, at first sight, at the sight of, catch sight of, come into sight, lose sight of, set one’s sights on
28. cyclist：cycle + -ist
29. overtake：over- (在上；超过）+ take (拿；取)
30. amazed：amaze + -ed (分词形容词) ；注意与amazing的区别
31. sportsmanship：sportsman (运动员) + -ship
32. medal：词块 bronze / gold / silver medal
33. response：构词：respond — response
词块：in response (to)
34. gesture：gest- (carry 携带，运输) + -ure（名词词尾）→ 用手势来运输
(传递)信息以达到交流的目的
35. flexibility：flexible + -ity；词根：flex- = to bend
strength & strengthen
一词多义
awkward
benefit
flow
一词多义
一词多义
principle
搭配义
英语释义
辨析义
sight
一词多义搭配义
后缀-ly
话题词汇：Sports & Fitness
重难点词精讲
strength词源
strength的词源义为 “bodily power”，即“力量”。strength既可指人的身强力壮 (physically strong)，比如说你可以做100个俯卧撑，也可指人内心的强大 (mentally strong)。
构词法：
strong → strength → strengthen
strength n
[U] 体力；力气 the quality of being physically strong：
The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 2011 天津
Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one’s strength, but also develop one’s character. 2009 浙江
人身体的“力量”
[U] 意志力：
inner strength / strength of will
I hope you have / find the strength to start all over again.
[U] 实力：
Political power depends upon economic strength.
人内在的“力量”
国家等集体的“力量”
[C] 优点；长处：
Each of us has our own strengths
and weaknesses. 2009 浙江
[C] & [U] 强度；浓度：
【重要搭配】
go from strength to strength 不断壮大：
The company has gone from strength to strength since it was established five years ago.
人格的“力量”
物体或液体的“力量”
strength的语义网络图
力量
基本义
strength
人身体的“力量”
人内在的“力量”
体力；力气
意志力
实力
强度；浓度
优点；长处
国家等集体的“力量”
人格的“力量”
物体或液体的“力量”
由个体到群体
由具象到抽象
由表及里
由人到物
基本义
词汇拓展
strengthen vt & vi 加强；巩固 反 weaken：
The wind was strengthening.
I believe that this magazine will surely strengthen our ties.
strength加后缀
-en变成动词
漫威系列电影中有一位超级英雄——美国队长（Captain America）。他原本是个瘦弱的青年，注射超级血清后，成为了一名超级士兵。
Captain America
他有着超越常人的体能。
He has superhuman physical strength.
他有着坚定的信念和非凡的意志力。
He has a firm belief and owns remarkable strength of will.
他有很多的优点：正直、勇敢、坚持和高尚的品德。
He has many strengths: honesty, bravery, persistence and great character.
一群超级英雄聚集在一起组成了非常有实力的群体——复仇者联盟。
A group of super heroes join together and make the Avengers, a group with great strength.
美国队长的盾牌由“振金” 制成，强度 (strengths) 很高，能抵抗雷神之锤的攻击。
awkward adj
令人尴尬的；别扭的 embarrassing：
an awkward silence
使用不便的；难以应付的 (difficult)：
an awkward machine
ask an awkward question
不方便的 (inconvenient)：
Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time.
紧张的；不舒适的 not relaxed or comfortable：
She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her.
awkwardly adv 尴尬地
…
Just sitting in the wheelchair was a 39 learning experience. I had never considered before how 40 awkward it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down, my 41 weight made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 locked. Then I wondered where to put my 43 feet. It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into 44 place … (2013年全国卷I完形填空)
awkward的常见释义是“尴尬的” 。但是在这道题目中，根据其语境，awkward意为“困难的”，其同义词是difficult。这层释义是我们不太熟悉的释义，表示“困难的”也很少想到用awkward。这个词在高考完形填空中出现的频率相当高。
awkward 链接高考
an awkward gesture
an awkward peasant
an awkward instrument
an awkward situation
an awkward customer
an awkward moment
awkward 语境活译大挑战
笨拙的姿势
笨手笨脚的乡下人
不好用的仪器
棘手的情况
不好对付的顾客
尴尬的时刻
翻译下面的句子。
新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处。
The fresh air _____________ our health.
is good for
benefit
is of benefit to
benefits
n [C] & [U]
利益；益处 an advantage, improvement, or help that you get
from sth:
side benefit 2019 全国
There are certainly benefits of using a star in a film. 2010 广东
He has had the benefit of a first-class education.
津贴；救济金 (welfare)
benefit
【重要搭配】
be of benefit to 对……有益 (be beneficial to)：
Scientific research is of great benefit to mankind.
for sb’s benefit / for the benefit of sb 为了某人的利益：
The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor.
The books are very useful (= are of great use) to English learners.
Friends are very important (= are of great importance) to everyone.
The story he told me was very interesting (= was of great interest).
be of + 抽象名词 = be + 对应的形容词
vt & vi 有益于；受益：
The rain will benefit the crops greatly.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. 2011 江苏
I am sure everyone will benefit a lot from this activity. 2008 陕西书面表达
benefit
beneficial
adj [正式用语]有益的；有利的 having a helpful or useful effect：
Exercise is highly beneficial to health.
In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. 2009 北京
【词汇拓展】
阳光对植物有益。
1. Sunshine __________ plants.
2. Plants __________ __________ sunshine.
3. Sunshine __________ __________ __________ plants.
4. Sunshine __________ __________ __________ __________ plants.
benefits
benefit
from
is
beneficial
to
is
of
benefit
to
Sunshine is good for plants.
翻译下面的句子（每空一词）。
flow
Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.
The person who has no personality always goes with the flow.
Only dead fish follow the flow.
(液体、气体、电等) 流动；流出：
It’s here that the river flows down into the ocean.
[比喻人或事物像水一样] 流逝；流畅；流淌：
Time flows away.
Her hair flowed down over her shoulders.
Trucks and cars flowed along the highway.
■ n [C] & [U] 流；流动：
a flow of people / cars
free flow of information
flow vi
液体、气体、电等的“流动”
由具体到抽象
比喻人或事物像水一样“流动”
（液体、气体、电等） 流动；流出
（比喻人或事物像水一样）流逝；流畅；流淌
flow 语义网络图
流动、流出
flow
基本义
the Murphy’s law 墨菲定律
Newton’s third law 牛顿第三定律
Archimedes’ principle 阿基米德定律
Pareto’s principle 帕累托法则（二八定律）
Butterfly Effect 蝴蝶效应
catfish effect 鲶鱼效应
我们熟悉的那些“定律”“原理 (原则)”和“效应”……
principle
principle n
[C] 原理；原则 the basic idea that a plan
or system is based on：
Excellent customer service should be our guiding principle.
[C] & [U] 道德准则；行为准则 a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave：
I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my principles.
She’d never ask to borrow money, on principle.
[C] (机器等的) 工作原理；(自然界的) 定律；法则 a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens：
Archimedes’ principle
Archimedes’ principle
(General Physics) a law of physics stating that the apparent upward force (buoyancy) of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
阿基米德定律
流体静力学的一个重要原理，它指出，浸入静止流体中的物体受到一个浮力，其大小等于该物体所排开的流体重量，方向竖直向上并通过所排开流体的形心。这结论是阿基米德首先提出的，故称阿基米德原理。
principle语义网络图
原理；原则
（基本义）
（机器等的）工作原理；（自然界的）定律
道德准则；行为
准则
行为的基本原则
事物运作的科学
原则
in principle
理论上；原则上：
I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
大体上；基本上：
We agree with it in principle but we still need to discuss the details.
sight词源
sight 来源于古英语动词see， sight 是其名词形式，最初加名词后缀th，后变成t→sight ，即the act of see。
[U] 视力；视觉：
have good / poor sight
When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.
[U] 看见；瞥见：
Just the sight of the monster made her go all weak.
[U] 视域；眼界；视线：
I looked around me quickly. There was no one in sight.
She never lets her daughter out of her sight.
[C] 看见的事物；景象；情景：
The practice of hanging flags is a common sight
in many parts of the country on National day.
These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.
[复数] 名胜；景点 = places of interests
Overseas visitors are impressed by the beautiful sights of Beijing.
所见之物
基本义
sight
看见的能力
看见的行为
看见的范围
看见的事物
看见的名胜古迹
视力；视觉
看见；瞥见
视域；眼界；视线
景象；情景
名胜；景点
sight语义网络图
at first sight 一见(就)；乍一看：
fall in love with sb at first sight
At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.
at the sight of 一看见：
Some people will faint at the sight of blood.
catch sight of 看见；发现：
Suddenly, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
sight搭配
come into sight 进入视线；映入眼帘：
As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses came into sight.
lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记：
I lost sight of him in the crowd.
His grandfather, a banker, lost all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most.
set one’s sights on 以……为奋斗目标：
The player said that he had set his sights on winning the championship in the coming Olympics.
说出下列句子中画线词的词性和词义。
1. The newspaper is published weekly. It is very popular with students.
___________
2. The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed (晚点).
___________
3. I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. (2015 天津) ___________
4. Motherly love is to children what sunshine is to grass. ___________
后缀 -ly
adv 每周一次地
adj 可能的
adj 友好的
adj 母亲般的
英语中以 -ly 结尾的词大多为副词，但有些名词以-ly结尾也可构成形容词，此时后缀-ly意为“像……一样的”“具有……特质的”“每……一次的”。
话题词汇：Sports & Fitness
Sports & Fitness
Sports
condition
exercise
frequency
Fitness
never, seldom, sometimes, often,
regularly / frequently, usually,
weekly, daily,
always, etc.
be in good / great shape, be in bad / poor shape, etc.
bounce the ball, boxing, do a warm-up, do exercise, do gymnastics, go bowling, go cycling, go jogging, go skateboarding, go walking, play badminton, play basketball, play football, play golf, etc.
court, field, gymnasium (gym), track, etc.;
coach, fan, judge, on the bench, replacement, etc.
eat fruit and vegetables, eat healthy food, have a healthy and balanced diet, etc.;
play sports, etc.;
cycle to school, walk to school, etc.;
climb / walk up the stairs, etc.
habits
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中strength的释义。
1. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his strength. ________
2. Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013 湖南） ________
3. The strength of a country does not rest upon economic development alone; it rests upon education, at least to the same extent. ________
4. Baijiu （白酒） is similar to vodka （伏特加） in terms of its texture （口感）, strength and appearance, but is said to have a sweeter taste. ________ 5. Jenny didn’t have the strength to end the relationship. ________
strength
优点；长处
体力
实力
浓度
勇气
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Governments cannot ignore the __________ (strong) of public opinion.
2. To avoid knee（膝盖）pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ________________ (strength) your leg muscles.（2018 全国）
三、根据所给汉语，用含有strength的词块完成下列句子。
1. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _______________________（强项和弱项）.
2. I ________________（获得力量) every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that. ”
（2011 天津）
3. Under Jobs, Apple Inc. __________________________________ （不断壮大), establishing itself as a byword（代名词）for innovation（创新）.
strengths and weaknesses
gained strength
has gone from strength to strength
strength
strengthen
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
_______________ 1. She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her.
_______________ 2. Just stop being so awkward and help me push the car, will you！
_______________ 3. I felt awkward, so I smiled at the guy.
紧张的；不舒服的
不合作的
尴尬的
awkward
benefit
根据所给提示，将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can _________________________ （对我们都有益）.（2015 浙江书面表达）
2. As we know, books are the source of knowledge. I _________________________ （从阅读中获益良多）.（2012 江西书面
表达）
3. China has been pushing the reform （改革）of public hospitals ___________________________________________________ （为了所有市民的利益）.（2012 福建改）
4. The situation _________________________ （对任何人都没有好处）.
benefit us all
benefit a lot from reading
for the benefit of all its citizens / for all its citizens’ benefit
is of no benefit to anyone
一、将下列短语或句子翻译成汉语。
1. flow freely _______________________
2. flow in the wind _______________________
3. Rivers flow into the sea. _______________________
4. The crowd flowed out of the station. _______________________
5. Tears flowed down his cheeks. _______________________
6. The colored flags flow in the wind. _______________________
7. The lines in this painting flow. _______________________
8. Her hair flowed down her back. _______________________
自由流动
在风中流动
百川归海。
人群涌出车站。
他泪流满面。
彩旗迎风飘扬。
这幅画线条流畅。
她的头发飘垂在她的背后。
flow
二、将下列短语或句子翻译成英语。
1. 气流 ___________________________
2. 数据流 ___________________________
3. 缓缓地流淌 ____________________________
4. 流入大海 ___________________________
5. 这条河流经这个城市。 ____________________________
6. 时间流逝。 ____________________________
7. 那条河自东向西流。 ____________________________
8. 河水漫过堤岸。 ___________________________
air flow
data flow
flow quietly
flow into the sea
The river flows through the city.
Time flows away.
The river flows from east to west.
The river flowed over the bank.
一、写出下列句子中principle的汉语释义。
1. In this lesson, you will learn the basic principles of art. _________
2. From then on I’ve always tried to follow the principle in my life and later in running my company. _________
3. No one can fail to stand in awed （令人敬畏的）admiration of the great discoveries of history — Newton’s laws of motion, Kepler’s principles of planetary movement, Einstein’s general theory of relativity. _________
定律
原则
原理
principle
二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Anyway, I can’t cheat him — it’s ________________________
（违背我的原则）. （2011 浙江改）
2. He won’t give in as it is a _________________ （原则问题）.
3. He’s a man who’s entirely _________________ （没有原则）.
4. While Mr Buffett’s advice is sound ________________ （原则上）,
it is not easy to put into practice.
5. Dr. Sun Yat-sen developed the well-known “ __________________ （三民主义）.”
without principle
matter of principle
against my principles
in principle
Three Principles of
the People
翻译下列词块。
1. 丧失视力 ________________________
2. 一见钟情 / 一见倾心 ________________________
3. 相看两生厌 ________________________
4. 出现在视线中 ________________________
5. 一副惨兮兮的样子 ________________________
6. 壮观的景象 __________________________________
7. 看见某人 ________________________
sight
lose sb’s sight
love at first sight
can’t stand the sight of sb
come into sight
a sorry / pitiful sight
an impressive / a splendid sight
catch sight of sb
谢
谢
观
赏