北师大版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit1 Life Choices 单元考点突破学案（一）（含答案）

名师原创：Unit1 单元考点突破（一）
●词汇精讲
1. prefer vt. 较喜欢；更喜欢；喜欢……多于……;
【原句再现】
I prefer to play sports with friends rather than ______ (exercise) by myself, so football is perfect for me! （教材P29）
【词块积累】
preference. 喜爱；偏爱；优待；优先
show/have preference for 偏爱…
prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth. 更想做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 更想让某人做某事
prefer A to B比起B更喜欢A, to为介词A， B既可以是名词也可以是动名词
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A不愿做B
= would rather do A than do B
= would do A rather than do B
【精品例句】
I prefer walking/to walk alone after a day’s work.
一天的工作之后，我更喜欢一个人散步。
I prefer you to drive, if you don’t mind.
如果你不介意的话，我更愿你开车
They preferred good news to bad.
他们喜欢好消息而不是坏消息。
I prefer singing to acting.
我喜欢唱歌 而不是表演。
As a teacher, he should not show preference for any of his students
作为老师，他不该偏爱任何一个学生。
【高考链接】
We can eat out if you like, but I would _____ (更喜欢) to stay in. （陕西卷）(prefer)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I prefer the red dress _____ the green one because it fits me better. (to)
I would prefer _____ (read) books to watching TV. (reading)
2. dependent (=reliable) adj. 依靠的，依赖的；由…决定的
【原句再现】
One’s health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise. (教材P29)
【词块积累】
depend 依靠，依赖；指望
depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；指望；由…决定; 取决于…
depend on/upon sb. doing sth. = depend on/upon sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事
It/That (all) depends. 那的看情况/看情况而定
depend on/upon it 毫无疑问
dependence n. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖
【精品例句】
We depend on/upon energy to do many things in our daily lives.
在日常生活中，我们做很多事都离不开能源
We depend on/upon him finishing the job this weekend.
我们指望他这个周末能完成工作。
Depend on/upon it, we shall solve the problem at last
请相信，我们最终会解决这个问题。
You can depend on/upon Jane -- she always keeps her promises.
你可以信赖简，她总是信守诺言
The future of space research depends on how much money we have.
太空研究的未来取决于我们的经济实力
Success is dependent on your efforts and ability.
成功取决于你的努力和能力
【高考链接】
—What are you going to do this weekend
—__________. If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends. (福建卷)
A. Don't mention it B. It doesn't matter C. Forget it D. It depends ( D )
The journey takes about two hours, ________on traffic. (上海卷) (depending)
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend _____ ourselves.
(上海卷) (on/upon)
Don't always depend _____ others. You should learn to rely on yourself. (陕西卷) (on/upon)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
He is his mother's _____________ (depend). (dependence)
I'll never be ___________ (depend) on anyone again. (dependent)
--How long are you staying
--I don’t know. It all _________ (dependence). (depends)
3. make it 获得成功；准时到达；出现
【原句再现】
Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it, why not me (教材P30)
【词块积累】
make a mistake 犯错误
make an impression 留下印象
made in China 中国制造
make money/a fortune/profit挣钱/发财/获利
make a rule/poem制定规章/作诗
make a living=make one’s living= earn a living=earn one’s living 谋生
make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
make sb/sth done 使某人/某物被….
make sb/sth + adj/prep/n. 使某人/某物处于….
me made from/of… 由…制造；用….为原料制取
make …into… 把…变成…
make out 看清楚；理解；装作/假装；列出/写出
make up 组成；编写/编造；为…化妆/打扮；和解/讲和
make up for… 弥补
【精品例句】
She let me see that making others feel good made me feel good, too.
她让我明白了使他人开心也会使自己开心
They were made to work for long hours. 他们被迫工作很长时间
She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.
演讲时，她尽量表达清楚自己的意思
The film made him a star. 这部电影使他成为明星
In the Middle ages the houses were made of wood. 中世纪时，房子是由木头建造的
Early paper in China was made from bamboo. 中国早期的纸是由竹纤维制成的
We can make your room into a study. 我们可以把你的房间变成书房
Can you make out what he is saying 你能理解他说的内容吗？
I can’t make out the words on the blackboard. 我看不清黑板山的字
We should make up for the lost time. 我们应该弥补失去的时间
They quarreled seriously several times but finally they made up and became best friends.
他们很厉害地吵了几次，但最后言归于好，成了好朋友
He made some excuses to cheat others. 他编造了一些借口欺骗他人
She made it in films when she was still a teenager. 她十几岁时就在电影上面获得了成功
【高考链接】
Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she ____ it with hard work. (全国卷)
A. goes back on B. take away from C. make up for D. catch up with (C)
American Indians _____ about five percent of the US population. (浙江卷)
A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Sarah made ____ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. (it)
The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to make ___. (out)
4. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
【原句再现】
Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard had a strong desire to play for the team. (教材P41).
【词块积累】
desire to do sth.　渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
悄悄告诉你：desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻
I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行
【高考链接】
She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (陕西卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We always desire (live) in peace with all the other countries in the world. (to live)
He had a strong desire (free) her family from trouble. (to free)
She had a strong desire ___ fame. (for)
5. crash n. 碰撞(事件); (飞机)坠毁; 哗啦声; 撞击声; 爆裂声; 暴跌; (计算机等的) 崩溃; vi&vt (使飞机) 坠毁;(使汽车等) 猛撞; (使) 发出撞击声;(使) 发出爆裂声;(公司等) 倒闭
【原句再现】
Suddenly, a player and I crashed into each other. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
with a crash 伴着咔嚓声
plane crash 飞机失事
car crash 汽车撞车事故
crash into…撞到….
tips for fixing computer system crashes应对计算机系统崩溃的窍门
【精品例句】
All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.
这次飞机失事，所有乘客无一幸免
At that moment, we hear a huge crash and then silence.
就在那时，我们听到哗啦一声，随后一片寂静
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
飞机失事的消息让我们非常难过
The plates crashed to the floor.
盘子哗啦一声摔碎在地上
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.
她愤怒地冲出房间，砰的一声把门关上了
The company crashed with debts of 2 million.
那家公司倒闭了，留下两百万英镑的债务
The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow, and they often crash.
我们现在使用的计算机又旧又慢，还经常死机。
【高考链接】
He crashed _____ the other youth and they both landed on the ground. (上海卷) (into)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
高高的烟囱轰然倒塌
(The tall chimney fell with a great crash.)
他开车撞到了墙上
(He crashed his car into a wall.)
6. be about to do sth. 就要做某事/即将做某事，常与when 引导的从句连用，表示“某人正要做某事突然发生了另一件事”
【原句再现】
The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10 points. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
be about (接时间/距离) 大约…
be about sb./sth. 关于…
be about to do sth. when…. 正要做某事，（突然）发生了另一件事
【精品例句】
It’s about ten o’clock now.
现在大约十点钟
It’s about twenty minutes’ walk from here.
距此步行大约需要二十分钟
This book is about the history of America.
这是一本关于中国历史的书
I was about to go out when it began to rain yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我正要出门，天下雨了
【高考链接】
Tom was about to close the window _________ his attention was caught by a bird.
(全国卷) （when）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They were about _____ (go) out when the earthquake happened. (to go)
7. let down使失望，辜负
【原句再现】
“Let me try, coach! I won’t let you down”Paul said. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
let alone　不干涉；不管；更不用说
let out 放掉；发出(叫声等)；泄露(秘密等)
let off 使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚
let off steam 发泄怒火；宣泄情绪
【精品例句】
His efforts finally didn't let his parents down.
他的努力最终没有让父母失望
With friends like these，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.
“With friends like these，who needs enemies ”的意思是朋友背叛了你的信任或辜负了你
Please come and support me. Don't let me down.
请来支持我，别让我失望
I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry.
我真地发泄了怒火，因为我非常生气
【高考链接】
He speaks English very fluently，but his pronunciation lets ____ (he)down. ( 陕西卷) ( himself)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Your mother is tired－let _______ (she) alone. (her)
8. energy n. 精力，力量；活力，干劲；能量，能源
【原句再现】
The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed. (教材P31)
【词块积累】
energetic adj. 有活力的，精力旺盛的，充满活力的
energetically adv. 充满活力地，积极地
supply/devote one’s energies into/to a job 致力于一项工作
atomic energy 原子能
low-carbon/renewable energy 低碳/可再生能源
be full of energy 精力充沛
【精品例句】
My father is lively and energetic, but he is not very patient.
我父亲精力旺盛且性格开朗，但不是很有耐心
As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature.
作为父母，我们应该投入一部分精力，带孩子去体验大自然
She is always full of energy.
她总是充满活力
Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out.
像石油，天然气等传统能源有朝一日可能用尽
【高考链接】
My grandfather is as _____ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.. (陕西卷)
A. enthusiastic B. energetic C. talkative D. sensitive (B)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
-- You are always full of ____. Can you tell me the secret
-- Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A. power B. strength C. force D. energy (D)
9. earn vt. 挣(钱)；赚得，挣得；博得；赢得
【原句再现】
“You’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!” (教材P31)
【词块积累】
earnings 薪水，工资
earn a scholarship 获得奖学金
earn an income/a fortune 挣收入/大钱
earn money＝make money 挣钱
earn one's/a living　谋生
earn one's fame/a reputation 赢得名声
【精品例句】
He earned praise for honesty.
他因诚实而赢得了赞扬
Renting your house out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day.
把房子租出去作为拍摄背景一天能挣几百英镑
He earns a/his living by doing odd jobs.
他靠打零工谋生
How much does a cook earn in your country
在你们国家，一位厨师能挣多少钱？
I want to earn a lot of money when I grow up.
长大后，我想挣大钱
He works hard，but he does not earn much money.
他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多
【高考链接】
You are old enough to ____ your own living. (辽宁卷)
A. win B. gain C. take D. earn (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
How does she earn ______ (she) living after she left her family (her)
He ____ (earn) a good reputation as a teacher since he graduated. (has earned)
10. recommend vt. 推荐; 介绍; 建议
【原句再现】
We stayed at a hotel that/which Tom recommended to us. (教材P33)
【词块积累】
recommendation n.推荐;介绍
follow sb's recommendations听从某人的劝告
a letter of recommendation推荐信
recommend sb/sth to sb. 把某人某物推荐给某人
recommend (that)主语+(should) do sth= advise (that) 主语+(should) do sth.
= suggest(建议) (that) 主语+should do sth.
recommend sb. to do sth.= advise sb. to do sth.
recommend (sb) doing sth. = advise (sb) doing sth. 建议某事/某人…
【精品例句】
I don't know what to read. Can you recommend anything
我不知道该读些什么，你能推荐点什么吗 (上海卷)
This hotel is highly recommended.
强烈推荐这家酒店。
She was recommended for the post by a colleague
一位同事推荐她担任这个职位
It is strongly recommended that the machines should be checked e very year.
强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次
The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.
医生劝我长期休养
I recommend (you) meeting him first.
我建议(你) 先见见他，
【高考链接】
Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _______ at the age of six months old. (浙江卷)
A. was B. be C. were D. is ( B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
I recommend this book _____ anyone with an interest in art. ( to)
We all strongly recommended that the meeting ___ (hold) at once. 【(should) be held 】
My teacher suggested ___ (go) to school. (going)
11. remind vt. 提醒；使想起
【原句再现】
Audiences are reminded to …or…. (教材P34)
【词块积累】
remind sb. about/of…提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb+ that/wh-从句
reminder n. 令人回忆的事物; 提醒者; 提醒物
【精品例句】
Remind you, Jane. Take care. My wife got her purse picked at the station once.
提醒你一下，简，要当心。我妻子的钱包曾在火车站被偷过，
I forgot to remind him about / of the time for the interview.
我忘了提醒他面试的时间。
Do something you're good at. Remind yourself how good you are al so many things.
做点你擅长的事, 要提醒自己你是多么的多才多艺。
He placed the brochure on his desk as a reminder.
他把手册放在桌上作为提醒 (山东卷)
Let me remind you once again so that you won't forget.
我再说一遍，省得你忘了。
Please remind him to start early.
请提醒他早点动身。
The pictures reminded me of my school days.
这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
Please remind me that there is an important meeting tomorrow morning.
请提醒我明早有个重要的会议。
【高考链接】
In our childhood, we were often by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. (陕西卷)
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped (B)
The photo will remind me ____ the days when we were together. ( 山东卷) (of)
【考点训练】
翻译下列句子
我们坚起一块牌子提醒人们保护树木(北京卷)
(We put up a board to remind people to protect the trees.)
我提醒自己，妈妈能做的我也能做 (天津卷)
(I reminded myself that what my mother could do, I could, too.)
12. disappoint 使某人失望
【原句再现】
I feel disappointed when my team loses. (教材P35)
【词块积累】
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
be disappointed about/at/in...对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 做某事失望
be disappointed that... 感到失望……
disappointment n. 失望，沮丧
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
【精品例句】
They were deeply disappointed at losing the race.
比赛输了，他们很沮丧
These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed at their new life in the city.
这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望
The film was built up to be a masterpiece，but I found it very disappointing.
这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望
【高考链接】
The next day，we got a (disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. (陕西卷) (disappointing)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint)．(disappointed)
To my great (disappoint)，the council refused to consider my proposal. (disappointment)
13. occupy v. 占领，占据；占用(时间、空间、面积等)；使忙于；(使)全神贯注
【原句再现】
I know you’ve had lots to occupy your time, so you probably didn’t have time to watch the football match between Manchester United and Liverpool tonight. (教材P35)
【词块积累】
occupy oneself with/in sth. 使自己忙于某事
occupied adj. (人)无暇的；忙碌的；(物)在使用中；已占用；不空闲
be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
occupation n. 职业
【精品例句】
I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
工作太忙，我一直没时间参加社交活动
The hospital bed is occupied by his wife.
那张病床由他妻子占用。
Many men still occupy more positions of power than women.
许多男性仍比女性占有更多的权力职位。
Exercise equipment or office furniture should not occupy this room.
锻炼器材或办公室的家具不应该占用这间房子。
【高考链接】
_______ (occupy) in looking after three children at home，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club. (湖南卷) (Occupied)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A teacher should occupy himself ______ education as well as with teaching. (with)
Please fill in the form stating your _______ (occupy)．(occupation)
14. equipment n. 装备，设备，用具
【原句再现】
Equipment needed. (教材P36)
【词块积累】
a piece/set of equipment　一件/套设备
equip vt．装备，配备；使有准备，使有资格
poorly/well equipped
equip sb./sth. with sth. 给…装备/配备；使…具备（技能等）
【精品例句】
They can not afford to equip their army properly.
他们没有财力好好装备自己的军队
The boys equipped themselves with food, tents and sleeping bags for their journey.
男孩们为他们的旅行准备了事物，帐篷和睡袋
The manager decided to equip the workshop with modern machines.
经理决定用现代化的设备装备车间
Equipped with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more.
采用新的科学种植法他们能用更少的耕地产出更多的粮食
We equip students with the skills they will need once they leave college.
我们要使学生掌握大学毕业后所需的技能
The government has an interest in bringing in new equipment.
政府对引进新设备非常感兴趣
With the modern equipment，our work was finished ahead of time.
有了现代设备，我们的工作提前完成了
After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室起火后，大量设备被损坏了
【高考链接】
I have been busy preparing all the broken office _____ (equip) these days. (湖北课改卷）(equipment)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
As students，we should equip ourselves _____ knowledge. (with)
Our new school ______ (equip) with all the necessaries in teaching. (is equipped)
15. particular adj. (只用于名词前) 特定的; 特别的; 讲究的; 挑剔的
【原句再现】
As people often say, any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits. (教材P37)
【词块积累】
particularly adv. 特别，尤其
in particular 尤其，特别
be particular to... 为……所特有
a particular customer挑剔的顾客
be particular about/over sth./sb. 对…过分挑剔/讲究
【精品例句】
He is always particular about his clothes.
他总是对衣服过分讲究
The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo.
大熊猫只吃一种竹子
I have nothing particular to do this evening.
今晚我没有什么特别的事要做
We must pay particular attention to this point.
我们必须要特别注意这一点
The coconut is particular to the tropics.
椰子是热带特有的
This kind of animal is particular to America.
这种动物为亚洲所特有
【高考链接】
Parents and coaches in _______ (particularly) should act as better examples for children. (上海卷) (particular)
She has already tried her best. Please don't be too particular ________ her job. (江西卷) (about/over)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Don't be too particular _______ what you eat and wear；pay more attention to your study and work. (about)
I enjoyed the play，_______ (particular) the second half. (particularly)
This kind of plant is particular ______ Asia. (to)
●本单元重要词组
16. try out for sth. 试图赢得；争取
Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. (教材P30)
These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.
17. earn one’s place 获得一席之地
“Well” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!” (教材P31)
He earned his place in the company by working hard.
●句型点拨
1. 现在分词(短语)作状语
【原句再现】
The team gathered around, looking worried. (教材P31)
句式分析：句中looking worried为现在分词短语作状语。
【能力拓展】
现在分词在句中可作时间、原因、伴随、结果状语，还可以作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语同时发生，且与句子的主语是主动关系。请观察以下句子
1. Being a teacher, you should help your students in every way.(原因)
2. He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done (so that he left the experiment half-done).(结果)
3. Seeing my parents waving in the crowd, I went running to them.(时间)
4. The students entered the classroom, following their English teacher.
(伴随)
5. Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step. (条件)
【精品例句】
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
因为生病，他没去上学
Working hard, you will succeed.
如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。
【高考链接】
The poor old man died, ____________ (leave) nothing to his children. （山东卷） (leaving)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She lay in bed _______ (stare) at the last leaf on the tree. (staring)
_______ (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood. (Seeing)
2. not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”
【原句再现】
One’s health and wellness are dependent not only on diet, but also on sport and exercise. (教材P29)
句式分析：not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”用作并列连词，相当于“not just...but also...”。
【能力拓展】
※ not only...but also...结构表示“不但/仅……而且……”，通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子
※ not only A but also B＝B as well as A
※ not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装
※ not only...but also...连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则”
※ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略
【精品例句】
Not only did they lose their way，but also they had no money.
他们不但迷路了，而且没有钱
Not only the child but also his parents are enjoying the film．
不仅是这个孩子，还有他的父母也在欣赏这部电影
They not only broke into his office but (also) tore up his papers.
他们不仅闯进了他的办公室，而且撕碎了他的文件
The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的社会习俗
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对
【高考链接】
Not only I but also Tom and Mary _______ (be) fond of watching television. (山东卷) (are/were)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Not only _______ he teach at school，but he wrote novels. (did)
●定语从句（详见语法课件）
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