2023届高考英语复习专题★★ 情态动词和虚拟语气课件(共54张PPT)

(共54张PPT)
2023届高考英语复习专题★★
情态动词和虚拟语气
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it (be) Yellow Hostel.
2．(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.
would be
would have accomplished
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs，and I thought it must to be easy to cook.________________
2．(2019·江苏卷改编)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we would had a good time together._______________
去掉must后的to
would后加have
一、情态动词
1．can，could
(1)can和could均可表示能力，只不过could表示过去的能力。
Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6.
汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。
常见的情态动词
(2)表示请求、允许。在一般疑问句中could可代替can，但比can语气更委婉，答语要用can。
—Can/Could you help me
—Yes, I can.
“你能帮我吗？”
“可以。”
(3)can表示具体事情发生的可能，常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比can可能性要小，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。
Accidents can happen in this weather.
这种天气可能会发生事故。
It could be weeks before we get a reply.
我们可能要等好几个星期才能得到回复。
[特别提醒]　can表示“有能力做某事”，只有现在式和过去式两种形式；be able to 可用于各种时态，强调通过努力而成功地做某事，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
The village was destroyed in the earthquake but that little dog was able to survive.
这个村庄在地震中毁灭了，但那只小狗竟然活了下来。
2．may，might (might为may的过去式)
(1)表示许可，意为“可以”。
—Might/May I ask for a picture of your little daughter
—Yes，you may.
“我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？”
“是的，可以。”
(2)表示可能性，might的可能性更小。
(3)“May＋主语＋动词原形”表示祝愿。
3．must
(1)must可用来表示必要性，意为“必须”，常用于肯定句中。用在否定句中时，其否定形式为must not或mustn't，意为“禁止，不许”。
They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.
他们还帮助他懂得人们必须合作并努力实现共同目标。
(2)must 还可表示“偏偏，非要”，多用于疑问句中。
Must you play the violin at midnight？It disturbs the neighbors!
你偏要在半夜拉小提琴吗？这太打扰邻居们了！
4．shall，should
(1)shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该，必须”。
I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.
我许诺给他一件生日礼物。
(2)should表示责任或义务，意为“应当，应该”。也可表示惊讶、难以置信等，意为“竟然”。还可以用于虚拟语气中。
Why shouldn't we buy the lady a flower？It will make her feel better.
为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。
That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.
他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。
5．will，would
两者均表示习惯性、经常性的行为，意为“总是”，还可表示请求或征求意见及意愿等。will 用于现在，would用于过去。
Will you join our discussion
你愿意参加我们的讨论吗？
情态动词表推测
情态动词 适用句式 适用时态 意义
must 肯定句 一般时、进行时、完成时　 一定，肯定
Hurry up! They must be waiting for us now.
can/could 疑问句、否定句 一般时、进行时、完成时 可能，能够
It can't be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock.
may/might 肯定句、否定句 一般时、进行时、完成时 也许，可能
Parents may scold their children when they are untidy.
should/ought to 肯定句、否定句 一般时、完成时 确定或期待，
“应该”
He ought to/should be here—he started early enough.
will/would 肯定句、否定句、疑问句 一般时、进行时、完成时 大概
This will be the house you're looking for.
?对点小练
单句语法填空
1．Life is unpredictable; even the poorest become the richest.
2． I have a word with you？It won't take long.
may/might
Can/May/Shall
1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
“情态动词＋have done”结构
must have done sth. “(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句
may/might have done sth. “(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done sth. “本能够做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定
Looking at the large empty apartment，I became aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.
看着这个又大又空的公寓，我意识到妈妈独自一人在巴西一定很孤单。
The boy might have known the truth，but I am not quite sure.
那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。
I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.
我今天上午在会议室时没看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。
2．表示“与过去事实相反”
could have done sth. 过去本能够做某事但实际上没做
needn't have done sth. 过去本不必做某事但实际上做了
ought to/should have done sth. 过去本应该做某事但实际上没做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done sth. 过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了
might have done sth. 过去可能做某事但实际上没做
He could have gone on regretting it，as too many of us do.
他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中的很多人一样。
I needn't have taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine.
天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。
You might have given him more help，though you were busy then.
你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。
二、虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟结构
情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式形式用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 过去完成式 would/could/should/might＋have done
情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与将来事实相反 ①were to do
②should do
③过去式 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
If my brother were here，everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。
If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.
如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。
If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.
要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。
[特别提醒]　在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有had，were，should时，可以把if省略，把had，were，should提到句首，变为部分倒装句。
Had you (＝If you had) come earlier，you would have caught the early bus.
如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。
?对点小练
单句语法填空
3．If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before，he __________ (be) able to speak it much better now.
would be
1．与表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等词相关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
常见的这类动词的记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order，command)，三个建议(suggest，advise，propose)，四个要求(ask，require，demand，request)。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
他建议我们第二天早点出发。
其他形式的虚拟语气
[特别提醒]　当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen money.
那个人坚持说他从没有偷过钱。
2．“It is (high) time that...”句型使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的形式为“过去式”或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。
It is high time that we should start/started off.
我们该出发了。
3．wish后的宾语从句
虚拟情况 从句
与现在事实相反的愿望 从句谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式形式用were)
与过去事实相反的愿望 从句谓语动词用had done
与将来事实相反的愿望 从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”
I wish that I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.
我希望我是一只鸟，能在天空中自由飞翔。
I wish that I had met that professor yesterday.
我多希望昨天见到了那个教授。
4．would rather后的宾语从句
I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
要是他前天和我去海边就好了。
虚拟情况 从句
与现在事实或将来事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be的过去式形式用were)
与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时
5．as if引导的状语从句、表语从句中的虚拟语气
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
虚拟情况 从句
与现在事实相反(表示与主句的动作同时发生的动作或存在的状态) 从句用一般过去时(be的过去式形式用were)
与过去事实相反(表示在主句的动作之前发生的事情) 从句用过去完成时
[特别提醒]　如果从句中描述的为事实或很可能是事实情况，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
It sounds as if it is raining.
听起来像是在下雨。
6．if only引导的感叹句中，表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，用“could/would＋动词原形”，译为“要是……就好了”。
If only I had seen the film.
要是我看过那部电影就好了。
7．有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如without, but for, but that, otherwise, or等，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。
She would have come to see you，but she was so busy that day.
＝ If she had not been so busy that day，she would have come to see you.
她本来会来看你的，可是那天她实在太忙了。
Such mistakes could have been avoided.
＝ If we had been more careful，such mistakes could have been avoided.
(如果我们再仔细一些)这样的错误本来是能够避免的。
But for your advice, I would have failed.
＝ If you hadn't given me your advice, I would have failed.
如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。
?对点小练
单句语法填空/单句改错
4．Don't go to the cinema this afternoon, and you should finish your work first. I'd rather you (go) tomorrow.
5．If only I can be successful like you.____________
went
can→could
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．But the firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they ___________ (walk) onto the mud，they would have sunk，too.
2．—Cathy burst into tears at the news that she was turned down by the company，but I meant no harm.
—I would rather you (not tell) her about it.
had walked
hadn't told
3．If I (be) at home in Cambodia，I would have to go outdoors.
4．I am sorry I am very busy now.If I (have) time，I would certainly go to the movies with you.
5．According to the local law，no one enter the building site without permission.
6．Jane could (come) to the party，but she could not find the exact time.
were
had
shall
have come
7．He was greatly shocked at the man's taking office.Never did he expect that the voters be so unreasonable.
8．It's time that we (do) something quickly.
9．If teens see that their physical condition is causing them to perform badly，they may (motivate) to do other activities to get healthy.
should
did/should do
be motivated
10．My shopping list was long and my wallet was light.Still，I needed to get a week's food for my family.I parked my car，looked down at my list，and hoped I pay for it all.
could
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．我希望你不辜负我们学校的期望。
the expectations of our school.
2．要不是你的帮助，我的英语学习就不会有这么大的进步。
But for your help，___________________________________________ English learning.
I wish you could live up to
I would not have made such great progress in
3．父母早应该把注意力集中在孩子的努力上，而不是结果上。
It is high time ，rather than on results.
4．我建议你从北京出发，我带你四处看看。
，and I'll show you around.
5．相信这是一个你一定不要错过的好机会。
It is believed that it is an excellent opportunity .
parents should focus/focused on children's efforts
I suggest that you (should) begin from Beijing
that you mustn't miss
Ⅲ.语法填空
A recent study shows that most adults did household chores 1._____
(active) when they were young.Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before，2. same study shows.
An expert says，“Parents today want their kids to spend more time
3. things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped 4. (do) the thing that can bring success. That is doing household chores.”
1．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故此处要用副词actively。
答案：actively
2．解析：考查冠词。此处的study指的是上文提到的a recent study，故用定冠词the表示特指。
答案：the
3．解析：考查介词。spend time on sth.是固定搭配，此处填介词on。
答案：on
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.，因此填doing。
答案：doing
Another study finds that compared with the kids 5. didn't do household chores，young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely 6. (succeed)．They had better family relationships，did better in school，performed better at work and were more independent.
Personal happiness 7. (say) to come from strong relationships.It begins by learning to be kind and 8. (help) to their parents at home.
5．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为the kids，指人，且关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who或that。
答案：who/that
6．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是be likely to do sth.结构，故填不定式。
答案：to succeed
7．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。本句是“sth.be said to do”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为personal happiness，因此填is said。
答案：is said
8．解析：考查词性转换。本空应填形容词helpful，与kind并列。
答案：helpful
If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they 9.__
(deal) with their homework，you'd better not let them off the hook.If you do，your child may think grades are more important than caring about others.“What may seem like small 10. (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，”says an expert.
9．解析：考查虚拟语气。It's time (that)．..句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去时或“should＋do”形式，其中should不可以省略。
答案：dealt/should deal
10．解析：考查名词的单复数。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，且其后的谓语动词为add，故要用其复数形式。
答案：messages
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Sir，
Last Saturday I went shop at your food store and saw a saleswoman take the ready to eat food with the same hands with which she took the money.I didn't think this was not the right thing to do for her. But when I told her about it，she got so angrily that she said it was none of your business and asked me to leave the counter.
A saleswoman has a bad effect on your store. I am sure that you will not allow so kind of things to happen again. I suggest that you took steps to punish those who is irresponsible for the work and impolite to the customer. I will appreciate if you let me know what you have done to solve the problem.
Yours faithfully，
Lei Yang