2023届高考英语复习语法专题★★名词课件（44张PPT）

(共44张PPT)
2023届高考英语复习语法专题★★名词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·全国乙卷) (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)．
2．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
Activities
watchtowers
3．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
humans
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.______________________
2．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.___________________
3．(2021·全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other._______________
chopstick→chopsticks
vacations→vacation
friend→friends
1．名词复数的规则变化
名词的单复数
规　则 例　词
一般在词尾直接加 s books，horses，beds，pages
以 s， x， sh， ch结尾的名词，多数情况下在词尾加 es glasses，boxes，brushes，watches
(例外：stomach→stomachs)
规　则 例　词
以“辅音字母＋ y”结尾的名词，需把y变为i再加 es cities，countries，factories，families，stories，parties
以元音字母＋ y结尾的名词，直接加 s holidays，monkeys
以 o结尾的名词 加 s radios，pianos，photos，zoos
加 es potatoes，tomatoes
规　则 例　词
以 o结尾的部分名词的复数形式有两种，既可加 s也可加 es zeros/zeroes　
volcanos/volcanoes
以 f或 fe结尾的名词 把f或fe变成v，再加 es half→halves，knife→knives，
leaf→leaves，thief→thieves，
wife→wives，wolf→wolves
直接加 s roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs
2.名词复数的不规则变化
(1)单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means (方式，方法)，series，species，works (工厂，作品)
(2)单数形式复数意义：people，police，cattle
(3)复数形式单数意义：news，physics，politics，maths
(4)合成名词的复数：passer by→passers by，looker on→lookers on，grown up→grown ups，stand by→stand bys
(5)词形变化：man→men，woman→women，child→children，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，ox→oxen
(6)名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如woman doctor→women doctors
[特别提醒]　有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式。如thanks，clothes，congratulations，trousers，glasses (眼镜)等。
1．常见的不可数名词
information信息；advice忠告，建议；progress进步，进展；knowledge知识；weather天气；fun乐趣，快乐；equipment设备；furniture 家具；wealth财富； traffic交通，车辆及行人；baggage/luggage行李；work工作；homework家庭作业；housework家务；tea茶；water水；beer啤酒；cake蛋糕；milk牛奶等。
不可数名词
2．抽象名词的具体化
(1) 表示抽象的特征、状态、行为的一场、一次、一种及“多种”“多场”等
a big fire，a heavy rain，a strong wind，a thick fog，have a look，make an apology，take a deep breath，live a(n)．..life，have a good time，a wonderful lunch，a need，a discovery，a love，a collection of，a history of，a population of，an area of，an understanding of等。
He made an apology to me for what he had done.
他为自己的所作所为向我道歉。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
He is a failure as a doctor.
作为一名医生他是一位失败者。
(3)有些物质名词可以具体化为可数名词
drink饮料→two drinks两杯饮料；coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡；ice冰→two ices两份冰激凌；tea 茶→two teas两杯茶
?对点小练
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．They may be too young to tell right from wrong without the guidance of their parents. Some may take illegal (activity)．
2．By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit you.______________________
activities
universities→university
形不同，意各异
1．有生命的名词的3种所有格
名词所有格
情况 构成 示例
不以 s结尾的名词 加 's Mary's e mail children's books
以 s结尾的复数名词 加 ' the girls' dormitory the teachers' reading room
以 s结尾的单数名词或专有名词 加 '或 's our boss' office Engels's works
2.无生命的名词的2种所有格
(1)通常用of所有格表示
The capital of Peru is Lima，which is in the west on the coast.
秘鲁的首都是利马，位于西部沿海地区。
(2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市、机构、节日等的名词通常用's所有格表示
Beijing's parks北京的公园
the factory's output工厂的产量
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成形式：名词＋of＋名词的所有格/名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。
He is a friend of my father's.
他是我父亲的一个朋友。
1．有些固定短语要求用名词复数形式
make preparations for 为……做准备
make friends with 与……交朋友
do/make repairs 修理
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵
shake hands with 与……握手
make contributions to 为……做贡献
名词的固定搭配
take pains 尽力，刻苦　　good manners 有礼貌
take turns 轮流 burst into tears 放声大哭
be in high spirits 情绪高涨
in all directions 向四面八方
congratulations on 对……表示祝贺
in tears 哭泣，含着泪 in ruins 成为废墟
into halves 分成两半 sports shoes 运动鞋
2．名词的固定搭配
常见名词与其他词组成的固定搭配：
keep in mind 记住
free of charge 免费
keep in touch 保持联系
leave a message 留口信，留言
a waste of... 浪费……
a sense of... ……的感觉
out of control 失去控制
out of question 毫无疑问
by chance/accident 偶然地
by the way 顺便提一下
out of order 出故障，失调
out of sight 看不见
out of place 不适当的
in detail 详细地
in general 一般说来
on purpose 故意地
on time 准时
in time 及时；最终
in honor of... 为纪念……
It is a pity that... 可惜……
(It is) no wonder (that)．.. 难怪……
?对点小练
单句语法填空
3．In two (week) time Bergqvist's ice creation will be nothing more than a pool of water.
weeks'
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser，who performed their (marry) ceremony in 1842.
2．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
marriage
celebration
3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
4．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned to work with the _________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
5．They might not be used to having total (free) in how they plan their days and nights.
curiosity
seasons
freedom
6．Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM，rather than being in _____________ (compete)，is where the potential for great effects lies.
7．Nowadays，of course，the harmful (effect) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known.
8．He learns what to do by reading books and computer magazines and checking out sites on the Internet about home built PCs，and sites that answer (question) for people doing it for the first time.
competition
effects
questions
9．Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1,500 years，but (express) from them have entered various languages.
10．The 17th century philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon declared that nothing had changed the world more deeply than three great ___________(invention): gunpowder，printing and the compass.
expressions
inventions
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．我们的排球队确实日程紧。
a tight schedule.
2．比赛定于本周六下午在市体育馆举行。
this Saturday afternoon in the city's stadium.
3．这场比赛意义如此重大，以至于要求每个人都要准时到场。
it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually.
Our volleyball team does have
The match is to be organised/held
The game is so significant that
4．当人们被要求做他们不想做的事情时，他们可能感到被强迫。
that they don't want to.
5．众所周知，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援助之手。
As we all know， when we need help.
People may feel forced when asked to do things
our friends will lend us a helping hand
Ⅲ.语法填空
Since the beginning of the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) has found its way in different areas in the entertainment industry. Disney，1. is one of the world's leading entertainment 2.________
(company), has decided to make use 3. the technology in its theme parks, where robot cartoon characters will soon walk among guests. Disney also has its robot Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck to communicate with tourists.
1．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Disney，且空处在从句中作主语，故用which引导。
答案：which
2．解析：考查名词的单复数。“one of＋名词复数”表示“……之一”，company意为“公司”，为可数名词。
答案：companies
3.解析：考查介词。make use of意为“利用；使用”，为固定搭配。
答案：of
“I think AI is going to be 4. (great)important for what we do，” said Jon Snoddy, an official of the entertainment company. “Robot characters that can move around among our guests need to understand where they're going and know 5. to behave in a world with humans. However, the company also 6. (know) some of the fears surrounding AI. 7. (scare) kids won't be part of what we do，” said Mr. Snoddy. “We will go and do tests in our parks to find out what kids find 8. (interest) about these things. We will carry out tests 9. (make) sure the robot characters make a positive 10.__
(impress) on kids.”
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。人工智能在不同领域有着长足的发展。作为世界领先的娱乐公司之一，迪士尼决定在其主题公园中使用这项技术。
4．解析：考查词性转换。此处需要使用great的副词形式greatly修饰形容词important。
答案：greatly
5．解析：考查“疑问词＋to do”结构。这里表示“在人类的世界里如何去表现”。根据句意可知用how。
答案：how
6．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。结合上下文内容和句意可知，此处是Jon Snoddy陈述对机器人的个人看法和观点，故用一般现在时即可。且主语the company是单数，故填knows。
答案：knows
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中缺少主语，而动词的 ing形式可以作主语。句意：吓唬孩子可不是我们工作的一部分。句中scaring kids为主语。
答案：Scaring
8．解析：考查词性转换。此处为“find sth.＋adj.”这一结构，表示“发现……是有趣的”。句意：我们会去公园里做测试，看看孩子们觉得哪些东西有趣。
答案：interesting
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将进行测试，确保机器人给孩子留下积极的印象。此处to make为动词不定式表目的。
答案：to make
10．解析：考查词性转换。make a positive impression on意为“给人留下积极的印象”，positive为形容词，其后需要跟名词。
答案：impression
Ⅳ.短文改错
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly equipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and got along good with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they are always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got me motivated.
My experience tell me that it is not what you are given but how you make use for it that determines who you are.