(共59张PPT)
动词不定式口诀解读及精讲精练
教学目标
1、能够记住动词不定式口诀快板词,理解动词不定式的概念。
2、能够记住动词不定式作主表宾定状补语的用法。
3、能够利用动词不定式做各种题型的题目。
4、在实际生活中能够用所学的语言进行交际。
5、通过综合复习,让学生体验到成功的喜悦感,增强学好英语的
信心。
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动词不定式口诀
快 板 演 唱
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动词不定式口诀快板词
动词不定式,to加动词原形,
不定式变否定,to 前加not,
众所周知,一个句子中,
有且只有一个动词它来作谓语。
动词不定式,非谓语形式,
不做谓语的动词变成非谓语。
动词不定式,就是不作谓语,
不定可作主表宾定状语和补语。
动词不定式口诀
快板演唱伴奏
你唱我唱大家唱
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动词不定式做主语
口诀快板演唱
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动词不定式做主语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
动词不定式做主语口诀快板词
句子的主语,有动词的意思,因是非谓语,变成不定式,
不定式作主语 ,常用it替,真正的主语,则在后边置。
有特殊句型,你要特殊记,对某人来说,干某事是怎样的,
评价做事情,for sb 助,描述人物,of sb 助。
你唱我唱大家唱
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动词不定式做表语
口诀快板演唱
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动词不定式做表语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
动词不定式做表语口诀快板词
不定式作表语,系动词之后,
表达意向和打算,还有计划的事。
你唱我唱大家唱
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动词不定式做宾语
口诀快板演唱
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动词不定式做宾语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
你唱我唱大家唱
不定式做宾语,下列动词后.
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动词不定式做宾补
口诀快板演唱
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动词不定式做宾补
口诀快板演唱伴奏
你唱我唱大家唱
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动词不定式做定语
口诀快板演唱
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你唱我唱大家唱
动词不定式做定语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
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动词不定式做状语
口诀快板演唱
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你唱我唱大家唱
动词不定式做状语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
新知讲解
句子的主语,有动词意思,因是非谓语,变成不定式,
不定式作主语 ,常用it替,真正的主语,则在后边置。
有特殊句型,你要特殊记,对某人来说,干某事是怎样的,
评价做事情,for sb 助,描述人物,of sb 助。
口诀:句子的主语,有动词意思,因是非谓语,变成不定式。
解读:1. 动词不定式直接做主语。如:
To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很危险的。(这个句子结构是个主系表结构,主语是在河里游泳,它有动词的意思,因它是主语,所以变成非谓语, 在swim前加上一个to,变成动词不定式。)
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。
学好英语是容易的。
动词不定式做主语
动词不定式做主语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
新知讲解
2.口诀:不定式作主语 ,常用it替。真正的主语,句子后边置。
解读:动不定作主语时,常常用形式主语it代替,而把真正的主语动不定放在后面。
It’s easy to learn English .
在河里游泳是很危险的。
向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。
.
It’s necesarry to ask teachers for help.
新知讲解
3、口诀:有特殊句型,你要特殊记。对某人来说,干某事是怎样的,
评价做某事,for sb 助,描述人物,of sb 助。
解读:(1)“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语,不对人或物的品格进行评价,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,impossible等。
“
It’s easy for me to learn English
对老年人来说,得到充足的睡眠是重要的。
It’s important____ ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ _
for old people to get enough sleep.
不能说old people are important . important 不是评价人的,所以用for sb(睡眠是重要的,而不是说认识主要的)
新知讲解
解读:(2)It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的 /某人做某事,某人是------的”“”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。例如:It’s very kind of you to help other.(对你老说,帮租别人是和善的。---你帮助别人,你是和善的,kind表示人的品质)
练习:对他来说犯那样的一个错误是粗心的
例1、It____ _____ ___ _____ ___ ____ such a mistake.
(我们可以说He is careless,careless是描述人物性格的,这时我们用of sb)
例2:—Let me help you carry the box,Granny.
—Thank you,Li Lei.It’s very nice____ you____ me.
A. of;to help B. for;to help
C. of;helping D. for;helping
解析:A。句中的形容词nice是表示人的品质的形容词,因此后接介词of。of后面的动词不定式做句子的真实主语。故选A
is careless of him to make
新知讲解
(3)“It’s a/one’s+n.(task/duty/job/pity )...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。如:
It’s my duty to save patients.治病救人是我的职责。
It is a pity to have to go without her.
练习:(1)学好各们功课是我们的责任
It ___ ____ _____ ___ _____all kinds of subjects.
—It’s our duty _____our city clean and beautiful.
—Yes. We should do something for it.
A. to keep B. keep C. keeping
(4)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
练习:读完这本书花了我3天时间 It ____ ______ ____ ____ _____ _____ ____ the book.
is our duty to learn
took me three days to finishireading
A
新知讲解
二、动词不定式做表语
口诀(天津快板)不定式作表语,系动词之后,表达意向和打算,还有计划的事。
解读:动词不定式做表语,一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等名词。
主语通常是wish,idea,works,task,job,aim等词。如:
My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。
【例如】
The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
He seemed to have heard nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。
练习:(1)天似乎要下雨了。It ________ _____ ______rainy.
(2)我们的职责是为人民服务。Our duty____ ____ serve the people.
seems to rain
is to
动词不定式做表语口诀快板演唱伴奏
新知讲解
三、动词不定式做宾语
口诀(天津快板)
期希想承诺(expect/ hope/want/promise/),
愿望碰巧现 (wish/happen、appear) ,
假装安排不拒绝,(pretend/arrange/refuse、
准备计划干((prepare/plan / intende /decide),
需要很关心(need/care),
试图匆忙干(try/ attempt /hurry),
爱恨要求作选择(like/dislike/hate/dislike/choose),
失败继续干(fail/continue)。
同意有意干(agree/mean),
旨在志愿干(aim/volenteer),
奋力提供承担起(struggle/offer,afford---与can’t连用
值得学习干(deserve/learen)
动词不定式做宾语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
新知讲解
解读:动词不定式做宾语是中考常考考点之一,具体用法分为两种情况:
一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语,这类动词有want(想要),decide(决定),ask(问、寻求),learn(学习),tell(告诉),teach(教、讲授),hope(希望),plan(计划),refuse(拒绝),expect(期待、期望),afford(负担得起),warn(警告),invite(邀请),agree(同意), choose(选择), fail(失败), hate(讨厌), like(喜欢), promise(许诺),等。
(1)They decided_______ a bridge over the river. A. build B. to build C. building
(2)— Some children can’t afford______ necessary study. —Let’s donate our pocket money(捐赠零花钱) to them. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought
解析:C。afford to do sth.意为“有能力去做某事”。故选C。
(3)I like ___________ (go)out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
(4)My mother hates________(move)from place to place, for she feels tired. I decide______(work) hard and get doctor’s degree.
(5)She failed________(finish)the task in time, and she was worried about it.
(6)There is a man at the reception(前台) desk who seems very angry and I think he means_____(make)trouble.
B
c
to go
to move
to work
to finish
to make
新知讲解
2.口诀:不定式宾语,有时用it替,think/find/believe,feel/make助。
think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中,it做形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I find it easy to learn English .
Please make it easier to keep our city more and more beautiful .
(1)I found _____not very easy ______ ride a bike.
A. that;learn B. it;to learn C. that;to learnD、it;to learn to
(2)我们发现及时准备好一切是不可能的We found _______ impossible______ get everything ready in time.
(3)我认为在大学里学号英语是重要的
I think ____ ______ ______ ___ English well in college.
D
it
to
it important to learn
新知讲解
3、有些动词后面既可以跟动名词,又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,意思上有差别:
(1)like to do喜欢干某事(想要干某事)(to do一般表示一次性,)
like doing 喜欢干某事(doing表示经常性)
(2)hate to do不喜欢干某事(to do一般表示一次性,)
hate doing讨厌干某事。(doing表示经常性)
(3)prefer to do ----rather than do宁愿干----而不----
prefer doing to doing比起---来更喜欢---
(4)forget todo忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事
(5)remember to do 记得要做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事
(6)stop to do 停下来做某事 stop doing停止做某事
(7)try to do 尽力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事
(8)go on to do 继续做不同的事(接下来干另一件事)go on doing 继续做同一件事
(9)begin to do sth是开始打算要做某事,是指事情还未做,准备开始做;
begin doing sth 是指开始做某事,表示动作正在进行。
(10)1.start to do sth开始准备做某事. start doing sth开始做某事;开始干某事
新知讲解
四、动词不定式做宾语补足语
在主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语句型中,动词不定式作宾补,宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,组成tee sb to do sth。
1、后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有
希望期望请求(wish,hope,expect,ask,beg,invite,request,get)
命令鼓励爱恨(orde,encourage,like,hate,prefer)
警告允许禁止(warn,allow,forbid)
想让教会建议(would like,want,tell,advice,)
等候驱赶提醒(wait for,drive,remind,)等。组成:ask sb to do sth 句型
(1)My friend invited me _____the art club,and I accepted it with pleasure.
A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining
(2) Mr. Smith told his son _______the football match because of the exam.
A. not to watch B. to not watch
C. not watching D. doesn’t watch
解析:A。tell sb.not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选A。
B
新知讲解
不定式宾补有:
希望期望请求(wish,hope,expect,ask,beg,invite,request)
命令鼓励爱恨(orde,encourage,like,hate,prefer)
警告允许禁止(warn,allow,forbid)
想让教会建议(would like,want,gettell,advice,)
等候驱赶提醒(wait for,drive,remind,)
省to不定宾补:
一感(feel)二听(hear,listen to)三让(make,let,have);
四看(see,watch,notice,look at)以及”半帮(助)(help sb to do =help sb do)
动词不定式作宾补口诀快板演唱伴奏
新知讲解
2. 后接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:一感(feel);二听(hear,listen to);三让(make,let,have);四看(see,watch,notice,look at)”半帮助(help sb to do =help sb do)。但要注意的是:在被动语态结构中,应还原动词不定式符号to,这叫to的还原
例9:what happens when you hear a strange noise at night,or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us _____.
A. jump B. to jump C. jumping D. jumped
(2)The girl was made____ her brother’s clothes.
A. to wash B. wash C. washing
解析:A。make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”,用于被动语态时,省去的不定式符号to要加上,故选A。
新知讲解
有些动词后面既可以跟动名词,又可以跟动词不定式,意思上有差别:
1、like to do喜欢干某事(想要干某事)(to do一般表示一次性,)
like doing 喜欢干某事(doing表示经常性)
2、hate to do不喜欢干某事(to do一般表示一次性,) hate doing讨厌干某事。(doing表示经常性)
3、prefer to do ----rather than do宁愿干----而不----
prefer doing to doing比起---来更喜欢---
4、forget todo忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事
5、remember to do 记得要做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事
6、stop to do 停下来做某事 stop doing停止做某事
7、try to do 尽力做某事 try doing 尝试做某事
8、go on to do 继续做不同的事(接下来干另一件事) go on doing 继续做同一件事
9、begin to do sth是开始打算要做某事,是指事情还未做,准备开始做;
.begin doing sth 是指开始做某事,表示动作正在进行。
11、start to do sth意思:开始准备做某事
12.start doing sth意思:开始做某事;开始干某事
13、need to do需要做某事 need doing (need to be done)需要被做某事
want to do想要干某事 want doing(want to be done)
require todo要求干某事 require doing (require to be done)要求被干
deserve to do 值得做某事 deserve doing(require to be done)值得做某
练习: When the girl saw a policeman coming,she started__________(喊救命).
这里为什么填shouting for help而不是to shout for help.
新知讲解
五、动词不定式做定语
1、动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,或者该不定式本身有宾语,其后应有必要的介词。
例句: He wants water to drink.他要喝水。
She has a child to take care of.她有一个孩子要照顾。
Are you going to the meeting to be held next week 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗?
练习:(1)I have quite _____ ______ ______ _______ _____ ______我有相当多的作业要做
(2)I have _______ _________ _____ tell you ( 我有)重要的事情要告诉你
(3) When you move somewhere new,the first thing for you is to find a place__________ .
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
解析:C。句意为:当你搬到一个新的地方时,首先要找一个住处。句中用动词不定式做定语修饰名词,并和所修饰的名词存在动宾关系,排除B项;当动词不定式做定语和前面的名词存在动宾关系,动词若是不及物动词,需要在不定式后面加适当的介词。故选C。
a lot of homework to do
something important to
新知讲解
动词不定式,可以作定语,
有这么 几种情况 你要分清楚。
动宾关系,
不及物动词后面的介词 千万不可去。
主谓关系,
中心词是 不定式的 逻辑主语,
修饰关系,
中心词是
时间方式机会能力愿望和权利。
不定式作定语,
中心词有
只有最好序数词等 限定词语。
不定式作定语,
还可修饰there be结构中的名词主语,
一要注意
后面必要的 介词 千万不要去
二要注意
不定式被动 结构,不能少了be。
新知讲解
(4) He has no friend_____ _____ __________.他没有可以依靠的朋友。
(5)I am looking for a room___- _______ ________. 我正在找一间屋子住。
(6)I need a piece of paper______ ______ _______ 我需要一张写字用的纸。
(7)There is nothing______ ________ ______. 没什么可担心的。
2、动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有主谓关系
(1)we must find a person to do the job.
(2)We need someone to go and get a doctor.
3、当修饰的词为something,anything,nothing等不定代词时
(1)I have something to tell you。
(2)There is nothing to worry about.
to write on
to live in
to depend on
to worry about
新知讲解
4、动词不定式做定语时位于被修饰词语之后,做后置定语。time, way, right, chance, reason,wish,promise,desion,ability等一些表示时间、方式、权利、机会、能力、企图、愿望、打算意义的名词的后面常跟动词不定式
例句:It is already time to start spring sowing.是开始春播的时候了。
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.谢谢你给我发言的机会。
练习:(1)The best way______ ______ (raise)is to sell newspapers。筹集资金最好的方式是卖报纸。
(2)到了吃午饭的时间了It is time ____ ______ ________
(3)i have a chance _________ _______ _______ 我有一个出国的机会(go abroad)
(4)i have no time _____ _____ _______我没有时间去那里
to raise
to have lunch
to go abroad
to go there
新知讲解
5、不定式可以修饰there be结构中做主语名词。
例句:There is a good rule to go by.有一项应该遵守的好制度。
There is not a moment to lose.刻不容缓。
There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(有"无聊感")
There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(即"束手无策"了)
There is nothing to see. 没有东西值得看。
There is nothing to be seen. 什么东西也看不见。
6、the first, the second, the last, the best ,the only thing等常跟不定式作定语
例句:She is always the first to answer questions.她总是第一个回答问题。
He would be the last to agree to the plan.他决不会同意这项计划。
新知讲解
7、当定语表示未来的还没有作的事情
The letter to be written is to my father .
The matter to be consided is important
8、当名词与定语有同位关系式
I got the order to leave the city .
新知讲解
不定式短语作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。
1、目的状语: 常用结构为to do , only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to do, so(such)… as to…(如此…以便…)。例如:
(1)She raised her voice to be heared better.
(2)She raised her voice so that she could heard better.
(3)We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam.
(4)We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam.
(5)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
(6)I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
(7))To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best.
(8)He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
练习:when you leave,please turn off the lights _____energy.
A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved
B
动词不定式,可以做状语,
目的结果原因条件,你要一一记。
新知讲解
2、作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
(1)The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians. (The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians. )
(2)He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.(He got to the station and was told that the train had gone.)
(3)I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
3、表示条件
He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully
新知讲解
4、作原因状语:
(1)They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area. (They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area. )
(2)He was lucky to arrive before dark. (He was lucky because he arrived before dark.)
(3)I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
(4)She cried to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
5、动词不定式常用来修饰形容词,构成下列词组:be able to, be afraid to, be easy to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is possible to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
练习:(1)English is ________ _____ _____英语很难学
(2)this player is hard _____ _______ _____ (很难阻挡)
hard to learn
hard to stop
不定式作状语,还可修饰形容词,构成短语。
动词不定式,
可以做状语,
目的结果原因条件,你要一一记。
不定式作状语,
还可修饰形容词,构成短语。
新知讲解
七、特殊结构中的动词不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,why,when,how,where等词连用,构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语
此结构通常位于下列动词之后:tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,find,out,ask,understand等。
例1:—So beautiful flowers!I can’t decide______ for my mom.
—For Mother’s Day,it can’t be better to take some carnation (康乃馨).
A. when to choose B. which to choose
C. how to choose
解析:B。考查含有特殊疑问词的动词不定式的用法。句意为: 如此美丽的花朵我不知道给妈妈买哪一种。——在母亲节,最好送康乃馨。when to choose“什么时候买”;which to choose“买哪一种”;how to choose“怎样选择”。结合句意,选B。
例2:I really don’t know___ this question. It is too hard.
A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer
解析:B。句意为:我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。它太难了。对“方式或手段”进行提问用疑问词how。故选B。 1)动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
课堂练习
练习:
1.She went ______ her teacher. A.to see B.looks C.saw D.seeing
2.Meimei likes English very much.She does her best ____ English well. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learns
Key:1.A 2.C
[简析]go,come,try,do/try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。
3.I'm sorry ______ that. A.hears B.hearing C.hear D.to hear
4.I'm sorry ______ you. A.trouble B.to trouble C.troubling D.troubled
5.My mother was very glad ______ her old friend. A.to meet B.meet C.met D.meets
Keys:3.D 4.B 5.A [简析]"be+形容词+to do sth"结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。
6.The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)
The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through.
7.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it.(改为意思相同的句子) The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______.
Keys:6.is,too,small,for 7.thick,for,to,skate,on [简析]在上述"too+形容词/副词(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough(for sb)to do…"(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。
课堂总结
动词不定式口诀
快 板 演 唱
课堂总结
动词不定式口诀快板词
动词不定式,to加动词原形,
不定式变否定,to 前加not,
众所周知,一个句子中,
有且只有一个动词它来作谓语。
动词不定式,非谓语形式,
不做谓语的动词变成非谓语。
动词不定式,就是不作谓语,
不定可作主表宾定状语和补语。
动词不定式口诀
快板演唱伴奏
你唱我唱大家唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做主语
口诀快板演唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做主语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
动词不定式做主语口诀快板词
句子的主语,有动词的意思,因是非谓语,变成不定式,
不定式作主语 ,常用it替,真正的主语,则在后边置。
有特殊句型,你要特殊记,对某人来说,干某事是怎样的,
评价做事情,for sb 助,描述人物,of sb 助。
你唱我唱大家唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做表语
口诀快板演唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做表语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
动词不定式做表语口诀快板词
不定式作表语,系动词之后,
表达意向和打算,还有计划的事。
你唱我唱大家唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做宾语
口诀快板演唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做宾语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
你唱我唱大家唱
不定式做宾语,下列动词后.
课堂总结
动词不定式做宾补
口诀快板演唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做宾补
口诀快板演唱伴奏
你唱我唱大家唱
课堂总结
动词不定式做定语
口诀快板演唱
课堂总结
你唱我唱大家唱
动词不定式做定语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
课堂总结
动词不定式做状语
口诀快板演唱
课堂总结
你唱我唱大家唱
动词不定式做状语
口诀快板演唱伴奏
谢谢
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