北师大版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit3 Celebrations TOPIC TALK — LESSON1 词汇精讲课堂课件（49张PPT）

(共49张PPT)
版本：新北师
单元：必修一 Unit 3 (TOPIC TALK — LESSON 1)
词
汇
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. occasion oc- (down, away) + cas (to fall)，向下掉 → 偶然；场合
派生词：occasional
词块：on occasion(s), on the occasion of
2. dragon 词源：dragon的原始意义为“蛇”。但数世纪以来,这个“蛇”不仅尺寸增大了,还被附上了许多可怕的特征,如带翅膀、能吐火等, 部分特征来源于中国的传说。(注意中西文化差异)
3. graduation graduate + -tion
4. lunar 词源：罗马神话中，月亮女神叫做“卢娜”(Luna)，从卢娜的名字Luna中产生了词根lun，表示月亮。
5. barbecue 词源：barbecue 源于美洲海地语barbakoa，指的是一种由木桩支撑的木架，当地印第安土著人用它当床睡觉或烧烤大块的肉。后来进入英语，演变为barbecue，既可用来指烧烤架，也可表示烧烤。缩写为BBQ 。
6. sticky stick (粘住) + -y (倾向于……的)
7. adult 派生词：adulthood，类似childhood
8. pudding 音译词，类似的有：guitar, salad, jazz, cartoon等
9. congratulation con- (together 共同) + -grat- (to give thanks,恩惠) + -ule 名词词尾 + -ation 名词词尾
词块：congratulations on
10. decorate 派生词：decoration
词块：decorate sth with sth
11. tradition 派生词：traditional
12. immediately immediate + -ly
adv 近义词：at once
conj 近义词：as soon as
13. gathering gather + -ing
14. account ac- (to) + -count (计算)，一词多义：基本义“记录”；
词块：bank account, the WeChat official / public account
15. summarise summary + -ise (使成为)；近义词：sum up
16. host 词源义：招待客人的人；同源词：hotel, hospital, hospitality；名词动词化
17. sweep 隐喻：具体的“扫” → 抽象的“扫”→ 袭击；席卷
词块：sweep away, sweep up
18. character 词源：来自希腊语 kharakter“刻下的印记”，词源同carve。由此产生了 character 的词源义“符号、印记”。
19. attach at- (to) + tach (to stick) → 贴上去；固定 (基本义)
派生词：attached, attachment
20. expectant 构词法：expect — expectant
21. scare 近义词：frighten；派生词：scary, scared (分词形容词)
词块：scare … away / off
22. flight 同形异义词：
意为“飞行”时，来源古英语，和动词fly同源；
意为“逃跑”时，来源于日耳曼语，和英语flee同源。
意为“一段楼梯”时，来源于法语另外一个词；
词块：a long / short flight, book / catch / miss a flight
23. surround 词源：来自superundare, super (over 在上，超过) + undare (to flow in waves 流动) → 流出 → 包围；围绕
派生词：surrounding, surroundings
24. retired retire + -ed (分词形容词)
25. joy 抽象名词具体化：意为“乐事”“乐趣”时是可数名词
词块：to one’s joy (同结构 to one’s surprise)
词族：joy, enjoy, joyful, joyous
26. throughout through + out
27. original 词源义：来自origin (起源、发源) ，引申义“原创的”
词块：original creations 原创；同族词：origin, original, originally
重难点词
精讲
account
一词多义
搭配义
英语释义
character
一词多义
occasion
attach
一词多义
flight
surround
original
一词多义
搭配义
一词多义
一词多义
含有up, off的短语动词
表示身份和职务的名词动词化
occasion
图片中的人们只有在职业场合中才会穿制服。在社交中，根据不同场合选择合适的服装同样重要。
occasion n [C]
（某事发生的）时刻；场合 a particular time when sth happens：
on this / that occasion
I’ve met him on several occasions.
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
2008 山东
[常用单数] 时机；机会 a suitable or favourable time：
I saw them at the funeral, but it was not a suitable occasion for discussing holiday plans.
重大 / 特殊活动；盛会 a special event, ceremony, celebration, etc.：
social occasions
常用搭配
on occasion(s) 有时；偶尔：
It is said that on occasion Byron swam by moon light in the lake. 2012 湖南改
on the occasion of 在……之际：
I traveled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad’s death. 2012 浙江
词汇拓展
occasional adj [只用于名词前]偶然的；偶尔的
occasionally adv 偶尔；间或：
Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. 2019 天津
chance, occasion, opportunity 辨析
三个词都有“机会”“时机”的意思。
chance 表示幸运或偶然的机会，含有侥幸的含义。
There will be a chance for us to look around the palace.
occasion 指特殊或一般的时机、场合，常指能采取行动的良机、场合，比较侧重时间观念。
I’ll speak to him about it if the occasion arises.
opportunity 指有利的、符合人们目的和愿望的机会、好运、机遇等，含有“能让人施展能力的机会”之意。
I’d like to take this opportunity to thank my classmates for their support.
account
account源自古法语，由“ac-（加强意义）+ -count（计算）”构成，account的词源义是“计数”，其基本义是“记录”。 “计数”本质上就是 “记录”。
在文字发明以前，为了适应表达和记忆的需要，人类用“刻道计数”和“结绳记事”等方法来计数或记录事件。
account
n [C]
[常用复数] 账；账目：
an account book
He takes care of the business and his wife keeps the accounts.
账户；账号：
open / close an account
have an account at / with a bank
the WeChat official / public account
My father helped me set up a bank account. 2010 辽宁
叙述；报道；描写：
an eye-witness account of a murder
While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals.
2017 江苏改
account 语义网络图
记录
account
（基本义）
资金往来的“记录”
进行银行交易、使用网络等时个人信息的“记录”
账；账目
账户；账号
事件的“记录”
叙述；报道；描写
on account of 因为；由于 (because of)：
She was absent from school on account of illness.
on no account 决不；绝对不：
The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class. 2019 天津
take account of / take ... into account 考虑到；把……考虑进去:
The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.
One must take the audience into account when making speeches.
常用搭配
注：on no account置于句首，其所在的句子要用倒装语序。
account for v
（数量、比例上）占：
It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. 2015 福建
是……的原因；解释 / 说明 (explain)：
The application of new technologies and wide appeal of movie stars could account for the increase of the box office income. 2017 江苏改
Can you account for your behaviour on that night
词汇拓展
accountant n [C] 会计（员）；会计师
character 词源
character 来自希腊语 kharakter “刻下的印记”，词源同carve。由此产生了 character 的词源义“符号”、“印记”。
古希腊人认为，环境和人的成长经历会在人的身心留下印记，从而使其具有与众不同的性格特征，因此 character 又衍生出“性格”“个性”“特征”的含义。在文学、戏剧等艺术作品中，作者通过对人物性格的刻画，从而塑造出个性鲜明的人物，这种“人物角色”也被称为 character。
楔形文字
甲骨文
竹简
character
[C] [常用单数] 性格：
She has a cheerful but quiet character.
[U] 特色；特性 the qualities that make sb / sth different from others (nature)：
The whole character of the school has changed since he became the president.
[U]（好的）品性；道德品质 strong personal qualities：
Sports can be good for character building.
[C] 人物；角色：
cartoon characters
a leading character in a film
[C] 符号；文字：
a musical character
Chinese characters
性格
基本义
character
character 语义网络图
人的性格
事物与众不同的性格
人优秀的性格
写作、印刷或计算机上的符号
书、影视中不同性格的人
性格
由人到物
语义缩小
特色；特性
（好的）品性；道德品质
人物；角色
符号；文字
Watch your actions, they become habits.
行为决定习惯。
Watch your habits, they become character.
习惯决定品格。
Watch your character, it becomes destiny.
品格决定命运。
你平时发邮件的时候留意过上图中的图标吗？这个图标是添加附件的意思。附件英文为attachment，这个词的根词为attach。
attach
attach 的词源义是“fasten (with a stake)”，即“把……绑 / 固定在……上”。
attach词源解读
attach v
vt 系；贴；连接 to fasten or join one thing to another：
I attached a photo to my application form.
While sleeping, astronauts must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
vt & vi [正式用语]（与……）有关联：
the advantage that attaches to wealth
vt 认为……有（重要性、价值、意义）to believe that sth is
important or worth thinking about:
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
Learning strategies, to which teachers attach importance / significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students. 2009 湖北改
attach importance / significance to 重视；看重
把……绑 / 固定在……上
attach
（基本义）
系；贴；连接
绑 / 固定的结果
把一个物体绑 / 固定在另一物体上
重视；认为……重要
attach语义网络图
把抽象的重要性 / 价值等绑 / 固定在另一事物上
由具象到抽象
（与……）有关联
词汇拓展
attached adj
附着的：
the attached application form
[不用于名词前] 附属于：
The research center is attached to the university.
喜欢的；依恋的：
At first, we didn’t feel we belong here, but now we are attached to the land we live on.
attachment n
[C] 附件；附属品：
Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment. 2016 全国
[C] & [U] 情感；爱慕：
a child’s attachment to its mother
flight
动词fly的名词是？
flight n
[U] 飞翔；飞行：
a bird in flight
Flight is natural to birds.
[C] 班机；航班；空中旅行：
book / catch / miss a flight
a long / short flight
[U] 逃跑；逃避：
When the alarm sounded, the robbers took flight in a hurry.
[C]（楼梯等的）一段：
a flight of stairs / steps
词源：“act of flying” , “act of fleeing”
surround
surround
围绕
surround vt
包围；环绕；围困：
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who
challenge you to be better. 2016 浙江
与……紧密相关：
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
from Latin superundare, super（over 在上，超过）+ undare（to flow in waves 流动）→ 流出，引申出“包围”“围绕”等释义。
surround词源解读
【词汇拓展】
surrounding
adj [只用于名词前] 周围的 (nearby)：
the surrounding scenery
surroundings
n [用复数] 周围的事物；环境 everything that is near or around you (environment)：
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
original
100%原创
the original sheet
原文件
the copied ones
复印件
“first in time, earliest”（最初的；最早的），来自origin（起源、发源），引申义“原创的”。
original 词源解读
original adj
［只用于名词前］最初的； 原先的 first; earliest (before any changes or developments) about：
Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building.
［只用于名词前］原创的；原作的：
In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
新颖的；创新的；独特的 new and interesting; different from others of its type：
That’s not a very original suggestion.
n [C] 原文；原作；原稿
the book in the original
originality n [U] 独创性；创造力
original 语义网络图
“最初的”事物
“最初的”作品
最初的； 原先的
原创的；原作的
最初的
（基本义）
original
“最初的”见解、看法等
新颖的；创新的；独特的
词汇拓展
originally adv 起初；原来：
The store was originally quite small.
Originally, we had planned a tour of Scotland, but we didn’t go in the end.
名词动词化
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. This is a really lively party. The hosts know how to host a party.（2013 山东改） __________
2. I will never friend anyone I haven’t met in real life on WeChat. I won’t make friends with them. __________
3. I joined a basketball team coached by the famous coach Gorge Jordon.
__________
4. A volunteer worker volunteered to help at an old people’s home.__________
5. China’s online-shopping industry was pioneered by Jack Ma. He was one of the early pioneers. __________
举办（聚会）
加……为好友
训练 / 指导
自愿
开创
英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。例如，表 示身份和职务的名词常可转化为动词。
含有up的短语动词
stand up 站立
up
put up 张贴
hurry up 快点儿
give up 放弃
speak up 大声说
get up 起床
eat up 吃光
cheer up
高兴起来
catch up 赶上
1. up表示“向上 / 向高处移动”：___________________________
2. up表示“（数量、程度等）增加 / 上升”：_____________________
3. up表示“靠近”“接触”：_______________________
4. up表示示“完全 / 彻底”：________________________
学习含有 up 的短语动词可以从 up 入手，理解了 up 的各义项，有助于理解和记忆相关的短语动词。
stand up, put up, get up, set up
hurry up, cheer up, speak up
catch up
set up 搭建
give up, eat up
含有off的短语动词
take off 脱掉
put off 推迟
turn off 关掉
see off 为……送别
let off 使爆炸
pay off
取得成功；奏效
go off 爆炸
离开
off
基本义
1. off表示“与人分离”：___________________________
2. off表示“与物分离”：_____________________
3. off表示“与某一状态分离”：_________________________________
see off
take off
put off, turn off, go off, pay off, let off
随堂检测
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions. _____________
2. Chinese New Year is an occasion for all the family to celebrate.
_____________
3. Our teacher is strict on occasions，but we all like her.
_____________
4. Congratulations on the occasion of the New Year! _____________
occasion
在特殊场合
……的机会
有时
在……之际
account
一、选出与画线短语的释义最接近的单词或短语。
1. He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened. __________
2. She was told to wear flat shoes, on account of her back problem. __________
3. We should take account of practical difficulties and make a new plan.
__________
4. Recent pressure at work may account for his behaviour. __________
consider, because of, explain
explain
consider
because of
explain
二、根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. I was a new teacher, and I ______________________（如实报告）the
students’ work.（2014 浙江）
2. I ___________________________（开了一个银行账户）after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.（2011 天津）
3. There are certain factors（因素）I _________________（考虑到）on my new invention.（2014 湖南）
4. Han Chinese _______________（占）91.59% of the Chinese population.
opened / set up a bank account
take into account
gave an honest account of
account for
character
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. My mom is a woman of great character who puts everyone’s needs before her own. ___________
2. An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character.（2011 湖北改） ___________
3. At the last moment, Tom decided to put in a new character to make the story seem more likely. （2013 全国） ___________
4. The town is so beautiful! I just love it. The character of the town is well preserved. （2013 江苏） ___________
5. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.（2016 全国） ___________ __________
品性
性格
角色 / 人物
特色
文字
二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.
It may also be good for ___________________（良好品格的培养）. （2009 湖北改）
2. Any filmmaker will tell you that they can’t make a movie without good ___________________（实力派演员）.
3. Julia Roberts _______________________________（演主角）in the movie.
4. The two brothers were totally __________________（性格不同）.
character actors
different in character
character building
played the main / leading character
一、写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。
1. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand.（2015 四川） _________________
2. No one is suggesting that any health risks attach to this product. _________________
3. The author wanted to express how much she is attached to her home.（2013 四川） _________________
4. He attached a colour printer to the computer. _________________
把……绑在
与……有关联
依恋的
连接
attach
二、用attach的正确形式填空。
1. In Britain, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning ___________ to them.
2. I’ll email my report to you as an ___________.
三、根据所给提示翻译句子。
1. 家长们非常重视教育。（2008 江西）
___________________________________________
2. 在你的申请表上附上近照。
___________________________________________
attached
Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
Parents attach much importance to education.
attachment
翻译下列词块。
1.（给某人）预订航班 ____________________
2. 赶航班 ____________________ 3. 误机 ____________________
4. 取消航班 ____________________ 5. 登机 ____________________
6. 航班起飞 ____________________
7. 航班到达 / 降落 ________________
8. 从北京飞往纽约的航班 ____________________
9. 航班号 ____________________ 10. 返航 ____________________
11. 直达航班 ____________________
12. 国内 / 国际航班 ____________________
13. 长途 / 短途飞行 ____________________
flight
book (sb) a flight
miss a flight
cancel a flight
a flight takes off / leaves
a flight arrives / lands
a domestic / an international flight
catch a flight
a flight from Beijing to New York
the flight number
return flight
board a flight
a direct / non-stop flight
a long / short flight
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Some light showers have been forecast（预报）since last month, but all of
them have been effective in ____________ (surround) areas.（2017 全国）
2. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa ______________ (surround) a low
glass-top wooden table.（2013 四川）
3. When I headed toward the center, I found myself ______________ (surround)
by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.（2009 重庆）
4. Gates has historically surrounded himself ______________ smart people, and
he’s famously thirsty for knowledge.
二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 湖边树木环绕。（被动句）
______________________________________
2. 我很快适应了新的环境。
______________________________________
surrounding
surrounding
surrounded
with
surround
The lake is surrounded by trees.
I soon got used to my new surroundings.
original
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The new rate is $199 per night, instead of the original $179.（2016 全国） _________________
2. The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape punishment. （2013 四川） _________________
3. She’s a highly original young designer. _________________
二、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 原画作现收藏于这家博物馆。
___________________________________________________
2. 我更喜欢读它的原著。(original n)
___________________________________________________
原来的
原创的
The original painting is now in the museum.
I’d prefer to read it in the original.
有创意的
谢
谢
观
赏