外研版(2019)高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit4 A glimpse of the future语法-精讲破(有答案)

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名称 外研版(2019)高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit4 A glimpse of the future语法-精讲破(有答案)
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更新时间 2023-03-06 19:10:22

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Unit4 A glimpse of the future
语法-精讲破
主谓一致(二)
【观察1】
(1)War and peace is a constant theme in history.
(2)The manager and the secretary have agreed to be present.
【归纳1】and连接的两个 1 作主语,如果在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事情或者同一概念,谓语动词用 2 形式,如句①;如果是指两个不同的人或两种不同的事物,那么谓语动词用③形式,如句②。
【观察2】
(1)Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef and hides.
(2)The committee was made up of 10 members.
(3)The committee were in the hall.
【归纳2】(1)有些集体名词,如 police、people、 4 、poultry(家禽)等表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式,如句①。
(2)有些集体名词,如 audience,committee,family等,如果看作一个整体,谓语动词用 5 形式,如句②;如果指其中的成员,谓语动词用 6 形式,如句③。
【观察3】
(1)Ten pounds was missing from the box.
(2)Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
【归纳3】表示 7 、 8 距离、重量、长度等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如句①、句②。
【观察4】
(1)Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior high school
(2)The Times is a highly influential daily
【归纳4】(1)形式是复数,但表示单数意义的名词,如 9 (如句①)、 10
(如句②)、剧名、机构等,这类词作主语,谓语动词通常用 11 形式。
(2)单复数同形的名词,如 sheep、deer、series、species等,要视其意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。
【观察5】
(1)Only one third of the work was done yesterday.
(2)Three fourths of the students come to school on time every day.
【归纳5】由“a lot of、lots of、plenty of,one half of the rest of,a large./small quantity of+名词”以及“分数/百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的 12 。如果of后的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词,则谓语动词用 13 形式,如句①;如果of后的名词是复数名词,则谓语动词用 14 形式,如句②。
【观察6】
(1)All are equal before the law.
(2)All is silent.
【归纳6】all单独作主语,如果指人,谓语动词用 15 形式,如句①;如果指一切事物或现象,谓语动词用 16 形式,如句②。
【观察7】
(1)To get on well with him is hard.
(2)Smoking is a bad habit for teenagers.
【归纳7】动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或名词性从句充当句子主语时,谓语动词常用 17 形式。
【观察8】
(1)The missing things,as well as the bag,have been found and returned to the owner.
(2) No one except the two boys was late for class.
【归纳8】主语后接“with、 18 (如句①)、 19 (如句②)、along with、rather than、like、but、besides、including+名词”等短语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语保持一致。
【观察9】
(1)Another is to ensure all children complete primary education.
(2) Somebody is using the phone at the moment.
【归纳9】主语是 one another、the other,either,each或由some、any,every、no构成的复合不定代词时,谓语动词用 20 形式,如句①、句②。
【观察10】
(1)Many a method has been tried to solve the problem.
(2)Now a number of his partners are starting to join him as well.
(3)The number of students is getting larger and larger.
【归纳10】
(1)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用 22 形式,如句①。
(2)“a number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用 23 形式,如句②;“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用②形式,如句③。
【观察11】
(1)I am not the one who is afraid of difficulties
(2)John is one of the students who have the keys.
(3)John is the only one of the students who has the keys
(4)One of writer's favourite themes is the fraternity of mankind.
【归纳11】(1)在定语从句中,关系代词that、who、which等作主语时,从句谓语动词的数应与 24 保持致,如句①。
(2)“one of+复数名词”后的定语从句的谓语动词用 25 形式,如句②;“the only one of+复数名词”后的定语从句的谓语动词用 26 形式,如句③。
(3)“one of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用 27 形式,如句④。
【观察12】
(1)Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
(2)There are three chairs,two tables and a bike in the house.
【归纳12】(1)连词or、 28 、not…but…、neither nor…、not only….but also…等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式常与最邻近的主语保持一致,如句①。
(2) 29 句型中主语不止一个时,谓语动词的形式常与最邻近的主语保持一致,如句②。
链接高考
单句填空
1.(2019江苏,22,★★☆)The musician along with his band members ______ (give)ten performances in the last three months.
2.(2018江苏,阅读理解B改编,★★☆)When classical music rather than pop music ______ (be)playing,diners spent more.
3.(2018江苏,任务型阅读,★★☆)Today there are galleries,studios,restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences,where there _____ (be)renewed life and energy.
4.(2017江苏,24,★★☆)The publication of Great Expectations,which ______ (be)both widely reviewed and highly praised strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
5.(★★☆)Many graphs,including bar graphs and line graphs _____ (have)two axes that form a corner.
6.(★★☆)It is important to remember that success _______(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often ______ (take)years to achieve.
7.(★★☆)A we need _______(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
8.(★★☆)Generally,students' inner motivation with high expectations others ______ (be)essential to development.
9.(★★★)Among the crises that face humans ______ (be)the lack of natural resources.
10.(★★★)The university estimates that living expenses for international students _______(be)around $8,450 a year,which ______ (be)a burden for some of them.
11.(★★☆)— Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes,fortunately no one ______(hurt).
12.(★★☆)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ (be)damaging our health.
13.(★★☆)—Look!Somebody ______ (clean)the sofa.
—Well,it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
14.(★☆☆)Many a strong man _____ (have)weakened before such a challenge.
15.(★★☆)The chief editor together with his editors ______ (be)discussing the new law about newspapers that be newly published last month.
16.(★★☆)I,who ______ (be)your close friend,will try my best to help you out of trouble.
完成句子
17.(★★☆)会议将于9月举行,但没有人知道确切日期。
The meeting will be held in September,but _____ _____ ______ _____ _____ _____.
18.(★★☆)你可以请求任何人帮忙,这儿的每个人都乐意帮助你。
You can ask anyone for help. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ lend you a hand.
19.(★☆☆)警察已经发现了看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。
_____ _____ ______ what appears to be the lost ancient statue.
20.(★★☆)那位著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2012年台北花博会开幕式上表演。
The famous musician.as well as his students, _____ _____ _____ _____ at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
21.(★★☆)那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖。
Two fifths of the land in that district _____ _____ _____ trees and grass.
22.(★★☆)到目前为止,戴维是我们中唯一个出国的人。
So far David is the only one of us who _____ _____ _____.
23.(★★☆)在摇滚演唱会上听大声的音乐已对一些青少年造成了听力的丧失。
Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____ _____ _____ _____ in some teenagers.
翻译句子
24.(★★☆)除医生或护士外,任何人不得进入这位病人的房间。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
25.(★★☆)不仅我,而且简和玛丽都厌倦了一个接一个的考试。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.名词 2.单数 3.复数 4.cattle 5.单数 6.复数7.金钱8.时间9.学科名10.报刊名11.单数12.名词13.单数14.复数15.复数16.单数17.单数18.as well as19. except
20.单数21.单数22.复数23.单数24.先行词25.复数26.单数27.单数28.either…or… 29. there be
1.has given句意:在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家与他的乐队成员一起已经进行了十场演出。根据时间状语“in the last three months"可知时态应为现在完成时;主语后接 along with时,其谓语动词的单复数形式应与主语保持一致,本句主语为 The musician,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填 has given。
2.was句意:当播放古典音乐而不是流行音乐时,用餐者会花更多的钱。when引导的状语从句的主语后接 rather than,故从句谓语应用单数形式,且根据语境,从句时态为过去进行时,故应填was。
3.is句意:现在有很多画廊、工作室、餐厅和新建成的工作场所,邻近的人可以在这里分享经历,在这里人们的生活和热情都被重新激活。there be句型的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的形式应与最邻近的主语保持致,且根据语境,时态为一般现在时,故应填is。
4.was句意:《远大前程》这本书受到了广泛的评论和高度赞扬,它的出版巩固了狄更斯作为最杰出的小说家的地位。根据主句的谓语 strengthened可知应用般过去时;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代书名 Great Expectations,所以谓语动词也要用单数形式,故应填was。
5.have句意:许多图,包括柱状图和线状图,都有构成个角的两条轴。主语后接 including时,谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致,且根据语境,时态为般现在时,故应填have。
6.is;takes句意:重要的是记住成功是每天做的点点滴滴的努力的总和,而且经常要花很多年才能获得分析句子结构得知第一空和第二空共用主语success,它是不可数名词,故两个空都要用第三人称单数形式,且由语境可知用一般现在时。
7.is句意:我们所需要的就是一小块土地,我们能够在一年的生长季节内在上面种植各种各样的果树。All在此处指的是 a small piece of land,且根据语境,时态为一般现在时,故应填is。
8.is句意:一般说来,学生的内在动机和来自他人的高度期望对他们的发展是必要的。当主语后接with+名词(短语)”结构时,谓语动词的形式应与主语保持一致,故应使用单数形式,然后根据 Generally确定时态为一般现在时,故应填is。
9.is句意:自然资源匮乏是人类面临的危机之一。由句中的face及语境可知时态为一般现在时;表示方位的介词短语“Among the crises”置于句首,句子要用完全倒装,主句的主语为“the lack of natural resources”,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10.are;is句意:这所大学估计留学生的生活开销每年大约是8,450美元,这对其中一些学生来说是个负担。根据语境可知此句时态为一般现在时;第一空对应的主语是 living expenses,谓语动词应用复数形式,故第一空填are;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句子,故第二空填is。
11.was hurt句意:-你听说市场上的那场火灾了听说了,幸运的是,没有人受伤。hurt和主语 no one之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。讲述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,且 no one作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,故应填 was hurt。
12.is句意:所有的科学证据都表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品正在危害我们的健康。shows后是that引导的宾语从句,从句主语的中心词应该是use,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,且主句的时态为一般现在时,故应填is。
13.has cleaned句意:——你瞧!有人擦了沙发——哦,不是我,我没擦。答语是一般过去时,说明“沙发已经擦过了”,此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,故用现在完成时。不定代词 somebody作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,故应填 has cleaned。
14.has句意:许多强壮的人已经在这样的挑战面前变弱了。“many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意,此处应用现在完成时,故填has。
l5.is,was句意:主编正在和他的编辑们一起讨论上个月新颁布的关于报纸的新法律。第一个空对应的主语后接 together with,谓语的单复数形式应与主语保持一致,且根据语境,时态为现在进行时,故应填is。第二个空所在的定语从句的先行词是law,关系词在从句中作主语,所以空格处应填单数形式,且从句时态是一般过去时,故填was。
16.am句意:我是你的亲密的朋友,会尽力帮助你摆脱困境。who引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词I,所以谓语动词要用am。
17.nobody knows the date for sure
18.Everyone here is willing to
19.Police have found
20.was invited to perform
21.is covered with
22.has gone abroad
23.has caused hearing loss
24.Nobody but doctors or nurses is allowed to enter the patient s room
25.Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another
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