外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 学案Unit4 A glimpse of the future单元考点突破（有答案）

名师原创：Unit4 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. event n. 重大事件；（发生的）事情；比赛项目；体育比赛
【原句再现】
Do you think the events in these films could come true (教材P37)
【词块积累】
a team event 团体赛项目
field and track events 田径赛项目
at all events=in any events 无论怎样，无论如何
in the event 结果，到头来
in the event of…= in the event (that)… 如果…发生；倘若
【精品例句】
It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛的人都会做
The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.
维纳斯首次参加大型联赛是在1996年
The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event ever held in Beijing.
2008年冬奥会是北京有史以来举办的最大规模的体育赛事
At all events we will carry the struggle through to the end.
无论如何，我们都会拼搏到底
I got very nervous about the exam, but in the event, I needn’t have worried; It was really easy. 我对考试提醒吊胆，但其实我本不必担心，这次考试的确很容易
【高考链接】
In the event _______ she has not been informed, I will tell her.（山东卷） (that)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In the event _______ an accident, call this number. (of)
2. design n.设计；布局；图案；计划 vt.设计；计划；筹划；构思
【原句再现】
The Electrolux Trilobite, the first robotic vacuum cleaner designed for home use, went on sale. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
designer 设计者，设计师
by design = on purpose 故意地；蓄意地
by chance = by accident偶然地,;无意地
make a design for … 设计…
be designed for sb/sth 专为某人/某事而设计
be designed to do sth 被设计来做某事
be designed as sth 被设计为某物
【精品例句】
The route was designed to relieve the heavy traffic.
这条路线是为了缓解繁忙的交通而设计的
The course is designed as an introduction to the subject.
这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的
It is said that the early European playing-cards were designed for entertainment and education. 据说欧洲早期的纸牌游戏是为娱乐和教育而设计的
【高考链接】
Whether by chance or _____ design, it so happened that there were exactly 150 people in the station.（上海卷）（by）
I hope I’ll work in a computer company as a program _____ (design). （全国卷）(designer)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The scientist is making a design ______ a bridge. (for)
The book is designed _____ middle school students. (for)
3. contrast vt&vi (使) 形成对照；(使) 形成对比；n. 差异；对比；对照
【原句再现】
In contrast, my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
contrast A with B. 把A和B 进行对比
by/in contrast 相比之下
in contrast with/to….与…对比；与….相反
make a contrast with…. 与….形成对比
the economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich 穷人和富人之间的经济和社会差异
【精品例句】
In this book, the writer contrasts good with evil. 这本书里，作者把善与恶进行了对比
His actions contrast sharply with his promises. 他的行动与诺言形成鲜明对比
Careful contrast of the two plans shows u some key differences.
把这两个计划相细地加以对比可以看出一些关键性的差异
By contrast, Mrs. Young was much more outspoken.
相比之下，杨夫人坦率多了
The white walls make a contrast with the black carpet.
白色的墙壁与黑色的地毯形成鲜明的对比
【高考链接】
Most people work because it’s unavoidable. ______, there are some people who actually enjoy work. (浙江卷)
A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
In contrast _____ what some might hope, students rarely finish their homework exclaiming that they had great fun. (to/with)
4. available adj. 可用的，可得到的；有空的
【原句再现】
And speaking of hanging out, I’m hoping that self- driving cars are available soon. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
availability n. 可用/得到的人或物
be available to sb. 对…来说是可用的/可得到的
【精品例句】
Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center. 体育中心有冷饮供应
With all the information available, they found the hotel in the mountain easily.
所有信息在手，他们很容易找到山里的宾馆
In the 1940s, electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United
States.
二十世纪四十年代， 几乎美国所有地区的人都用上了电
There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game. 将有四个篮球供我们使用，每场比赛都有一名教师监管
I would have to gone to my cousin’s birthday party last, but I was not available.
昨天晚上我本想去参加我堂兄的生日宴会，但我没空
【高考链接】
-- Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind (福建卷)
-- Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still _______
A. available B. affordable C. acceptable D. valuable (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
There are plenty of jobs _____ in the western part of the country.
A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient (B)
5. assistant n．助手，助理
【原句再现】
Thanks to AI，I've got my own super smart personal assistant built into my phone. (教材P38)
【词块积累】
assist(sb.) in (doing) sth. 帮助(某人)(做)某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assistant adj. 副的；助理的；n.助手；店员
assistance n. 帮助，援助
【精品例句】
We'll do all we can to assist you.
我们要尽量帮助你。
Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.
凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。
We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the group's work.
我们正寻找愿意协助该团体工作的人。
【高考链接】
China will continue to increase its _______ (assist) to Africa in both quantity and quality.
(湖北卷) (assistance)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Two men are assisting the police _______ their enquiries. (in/with)
We will assist you in ________ (find) somewhere to live. (finding)
Bill assisted his friend Mike _______ (establish) a new company. (to establish)
6. potentially adv. 潜在地
【原句再现】
Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
potential adj.　潜在的，有可能的；n. 潜力，潜势，可能性
a potential disaster 潜在的灾祸
(a) potential for (doing) sth. ……的潜力
with great potential 有巨大的潜力
have the potential to do...有做某事的潜力或可能性
【精品例句】
The disease is potentially fatal.
这种疾病可能会致命。
All polling methods are potentially open to abuse.
所有的民意调查方法都有可能被滥用。
Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation.
这无疑是一种潜在的危险局势。
【高考链接】
The new biological science does have the potential _______ (do)great harm，as well as good. (河北卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
There is also potential for ______ (exploit) untouched arable land resources. (exploiting)
China is abundant in resources of rivers，grassland and mountains，_____ great potential of development. (with)
7. capacity n．能力，才能；职位；容量
【原句再现】
I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyze and interpret vast amounts of data，which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
at full capacity 以全(部)力(量)，满功率，满负载
in one's capacity as＝in the capacity of… 作为……；以……资格、身份或职位
beyond one's capacity 超出某人的能力范围
capacity for …. ……的能力
capacity to do sth. 做某事的能力
【精品例句】
In my capacity as president，I would like to thank Jack for his hard work.
作为总统，我要感谢杰克的辛勤工作。
The mountain walk is well within the capacity of most fit people.
对大多数健康的人来说，走这条山路不成问题。
Children have a born capacity to understand the language.
儿童生来就有理解语言的能力。
【高考链接】
In his capacity ______ captain，he's got the right to tell us what to do. (江苏卷) (as)
【考点训练】
This math problem is ______ the capacity of most school children. (beyond)
She seems to have lost the capacity _______ (enjoy) herself. (to enjoy)
8. analyze v．分析
【原句再现】
I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data，which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
analyze...into… 把……分解成
analyze...in detail 详尽分析……
analysis n. 分析；分析报告
【精品例句】
We analyzed the results of our experiment.
我们分析了试验的结果。
The precise reasons for the disaster are difficult to analyze.
这场灾难的确切原因很难分析。
The results must be analyzed in detail.
必须对结果进行详尽分析。
【高考链接】
Blood samples from almost 6，000 five year olds ______ (analyze) in the study. (陕西卷) (were analyzed)
【考点训练】
Analyze this complex sentence ______ many clauses. (into)
We made a careful _______ (analyze)of his character. (analysis)
9. solution n. 解决办法；答案；解答
【原句再现】
We could be seen as a “small” inconvenience that’s in the way of a solution to a bigger problem. (教材P39)
【词块积累】
solve vt. 解决问题；解答难题
a/ the solution to...……的解决办法/答案
【精品例句】
Here is the perfect solution to all your problems.这是解决你所有问题的最佳方法
I’m trying to solve this problem, but I can’t find the right solution.
我正试图解决这个问题，但是找不到正确方法
Attempts to find a solution have failed. 找到方法的尝试最终失败了
The solution to last week’s quiz is on page 81. 上周测试题的答案在81页
【高考链接】
The school advisors help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct ____. (湖南卷)
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
After running through the numbers in every possible combination, we finally find the solution_____ them. (to)
10. desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
【原句再现】
After all, why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans (教材P41).
【词块积累】
desire to do sth.　渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的
悄悄告诉你：desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
【精品例句】
Even so，she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻
I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.
我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉
He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行
【高考链接】
She has a strong desire _____ knowledge and wants to go to college very much. (陕西卷) (for)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We always desire (live) in peace with all the other countries in the world. (to live)
He had a strong desire (free) her family from trouble. (to free)
She had a strong desire ___ fame. (for)
11. illegal adj. 非法的，违法的
【原句再现】
One thing I think we all agree on，though，is that saying“My AI did it！”won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behavior! (教材P39)
【词块积累】
illegal drugs　非法药品
an illegal act 非法行为
It's illegal (for sb.)to do sth. (某人)做某事是违法的
legal adj.合法的
It's legal (for sb.)to do sth. (某人)做某事是合法的
illegally adv. 非法地，不合法地
legally adv. 合法地；法律上
【精品例句】
In this sentence，the writer uses an illegal construction.
在本句中，作者使用了一个不合语法的结构。
It's illegal for people under 17 to drive a car in Britain.
在英国，不满17岁的人驾驶车辆是违法的。
It is illegal to park your car here.
把车停在这里是违法的。
【高考链接】
Is it legal for boys of that age _______ (drink) alcohol （江西卷） (to drink)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
All the ______ (legal)constructed buildings must be pulled down. (illegally)
The school is ______ (legal)responsible for your child's safety. (legally)
12. advance vt & vi (使) 进展；(使) 进步；(尤指士兵)前进；向前移动；(时间) 提前；(价格)上涨；预支(钱)；n. 进步；进展
【原句再现】
I admit that more advanced AI could be helpful in solving the world’s problems, but there is a high level of risk involved. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
make great advances取得很大进展
technological/scientific/medical advances技术/ 科学/医学上的进步
in advance (of)提前(.)；预先(--)
advance warning/planning/booking 预先警告/计划/订购
【精品例句】
The army advanced across the plain.军队前进穿过平原
We have advanced greatly in our knowledge of the universe.
我们对宇宙的认识取得了很大的进步
This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.
这项研究非常有助于我们提高对语言学习的认识
The date of the meeting was advanced from July 10 to July 1.
会议日期已从7月10日提早到7月日
We are willing to advance the money to you. 我们愿意把钱预支给你
Name three advances in science and technology al this time.
说出这段时间的三项科技进步
Thank you in advance. 先行致谢
We received no advance warning of smog. 我们没有收到雾霾预警
【高考链接】
This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. (湖北课改卷) (in)
Thanks to the ______ technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. (北京卷)
(advanced)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
When students were told my rule ______________ advance of the class, some of them were not happy. (in)
She was educated at Beijing University, after which she went on to have her __(advanced ) study abroad. (advanced)
13. convenience. n. 便利，方便；便利的事物，便利的设施
【原句再现】
I hope more breakthroughs in AI will be made soon, so that we can enjoy more and more convenience. (教材P40)
【词块积累】
convenient. adj. 便利，方便；便利的事物，便利的设施
conveniently adv. 便利地
a convenience store 便利店
convenience foods 方便食品
at sb’s convenience 在某人方便时
it is convenient for sb. 某人方便的话
【精品例句】
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在四个国家中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它被大致分为三个区
The convenience of city life is one of its main attractions.
便利是城市生活主要的诱人处之一
Please come at your convenience. 请方便的时候过来
It is very convenient to travel in London by underground. 在伦敦乘地铁很方便
We hope you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you.
如果你方便的话，希望你接受我们的邀请
【高考链接】
The secretary arranged a(n) _____ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.(天津卷)
A. important B. spare C. public D. convenient (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Would it be ____for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport (山东卷) A. convenient B. free C. handy D. vacant (A)
14. result n. 结果，成果，成绩；vi. 发生，导致
【原句再现】
Time travel could result in a paradox- an event that contradicts itself. (教材P42)
【词块积累】
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result 因此
as a result (of) 作为…的结果
result from 由…引起/发生/产生
result in 造成，导致=lead to = bring about
【精品例句】
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.
如果你相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果
This book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是25年的研究成果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work.
爱丽丝今早上睡过了，结果上班迟到了
About 21million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.
二十世纪九十年代，大约有2100万人死于吸烟
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress.
人类的发展引起了污染和其它严重问题
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.
我认识到，叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端
【高考链接】
Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. (全国卷)
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of (A)
【考点训练】
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
My friend Martin was very sick with a stranger fever, ____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise
●本单元其它重要词组
15. be susceptible to …. 对….敏感；易受….影响
And as they won’t be susceptible to human error, they’ll certainly be a lot safer. (教材)
He was highly susceptible to flattery.
16. wipe out 消灭；彻底摧毁；垮台
If we’re lucky, AI might think we’re valuable enough to keep around. If not, it might wipe us all out! (教材)
The whole village was wiped out by the floods.
17. go through 仔细检查；通过；经历；经受
He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. (教材)
The new model electric car went through many safety tests before it was released to the public.
●句型点拨
1. either...or...不是……就是
【原句再现】
In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking，artificial intelligence will be“either the best，or the worst thing，ever to happen to humanity”．(教材P38)
句式分析：句中either...or...连接两个表语，表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”。
【能力拓展】
※ either...or...表示“不是……就是……；或者……或者……”，相对应的反义短语为neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，两者都常用来连接两个平行结构。
※ 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近一致”原则。
※ neither...nor...连接两个句子且置于句首时，(因neither和nor都是否定意义的词)前后两句都要用倒装语序。
遵循“就近原则”的并列连词还有：
※ not only...but also...不但……而且……
※ not...but... 不是……而是……
※ ...or... ……或者……
【精品例句】
I'm going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.
我想去蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为这两所大学的物理系都很棒。
It had also given me a choice，either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.
它也给了我一个选择，或者留着那页空白或者带着希望继续写故事。
Either my parents or my brother is (staying)at home now.
不是我父母就是我哥正待在家里。
【高考链接】
________ (have)either he or his classmates known the secret (陕西卷) (Has)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This phenomenon is neither good ______ bad. (nor)
Not you but I ______ (be) mistaken. (am)
I have not been to either Paris _______ Rome. (or)
2. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
【原句再现】
It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. (教材P38)
句式分析：句中used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”(指过去的习惯或状态)，现在已经不再做了。
【能力拓展】
※used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”
否定形式：didn't use to或used not (usedn't)to
疑问形式：Did...use to...？或Used... to...
反意疑问形式：肯定句，usedn't/didn't＋主语？
※be/get used to (doing)sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”，现在依旧在做
※ sth. be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth.表示“被用于做某事”，是被动语态
【精品例句】
You used to go there，usedn't/didn't you
你过去常到那里去，是吗？
I used to cook，but I don't have time to cook now.
我以前经常做饭，但是现在没时间做了。
Tom used to be a couch potato，but he works out every day now.
汤姆过去是个电视迷，但现在每天都健身。
On Sundays he used to get up early and go fishing.
在星期天，他过去常常早起去钓鱼。
【高考链接】
Robots can be used _______ (do) the different thing. (湖南卷) (to do)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Let your body get/be used to (take) exercise! (taking)
He used to get the mail early in the morning, ________ he (usedn’t/didn’t)
3. 条件状语从句中句子成分的省略
【原句再现】
If not，it might wipe us all out! (教材P39)
句式分析：句中if not 是if we're not lucky的省略形式，表示否定意义。
【能力拓展】
※在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且谓语动词为be动词时，则可以省去其主语和be动词。
※if构成的省略形式：
※if not　如果不这样的话，不然，表示否定意义
※if so 如果这样的话，表示肯定意义
※if any如果有的话
※if ever 如果有过或发生过的话
※if necessary/possible 如果有必要/可能
【精品例句】
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it - if not，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
I think there's a bullet train at midday. If not，you will have to wait till 2 o'clock in the afternoon.
我想正午会有一辆动车。要是没有，你只好等到下午2点了。
If not，this should be your first step.
如果还没有，这就是你要做的第一步。
【高考链接】
I'll go if you are going. If ______，I'd rather stay at home. (湖南卷) (not)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Are you ready If _____，let's set off at once. (so)
She wants to go with us，_____ possible. (if)
Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if _____． (any)
●主谓一致（详见语法课件）
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