外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册 Unit5 Learning from nature Starting out and Understanding ideas 同步课堂基础练（有答案）
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同步课堂专练 (外研版2019选择性必修第三册)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
(基础练)
I 用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空
architect, convert, frontier, lotus, mimic, superb
1. Hawking's theory on the origin of the universe pushed him to the ______________ of the scientific field.
2. The young lady is studying classic ______________, hoping to become a famous ______________ .
3. I am delighted to see that your skill at table tennis is ______________ .
4. It’s unnecessary to ______________ anybody. Just be yourself and you are unique.
5. They want to ______________ useless rail lines, and after the ______________，they can be used for cycle routes.
6.The French painter, Monet, liked painting ______________.
II 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下面的句子
associate... with, be covered in, convert... into, respond to, stick with, take.. for granted
1. Like any other public servants, the fire police must ______________ public demand.
2. Don't ______________ what your parents do to you.
3. The whole mountain ______________ a thin mist when we got up the next morning.
4. Even if you meet some challenges, you should ______________ it. Don't give up halfway.
5. Some people thought that her sudden disappearance might ______________ UFO.
6. The old train has ______________ an art gallery for painters to exhibit their paintings.
III 单句语法填空
1.It will be ______________ (fascinate) to see the super moon this weekend.
2. Used to ______________ (live) a peaceful life, the old couple chose a mountain village to settle down.
3. ______________ (amaze) at her wonderful performance, we stood and cheered.
4.I enjoy doing some reading while ______________ (wait) for a bus.
5. We were attracted by the beautiful hills ______________ (cover) with rain.
6. An online shop costs less money_____ (run) than a practical one.
7. All their assistance enabled us ______________ (go) on with the experiment smoothly.
8. ______________ (base) on a true story, the film touches everyone ______________ (watch) it.
IV 阅读理解
What is the greatest threat to mankind Maybe different people come up with different answers. However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature. Natural disasters are the result of natural environmental processes that have a damaging effect on people. Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud-rock flows, climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes and fire events like forest fires and wildfires.
The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict(预测) exactly when they will happen. Although great progress has been made in designing and developing forecasting models for some natural disasters, complete certainty is still impossible. Even to be pessimistic, there is a possibility that human beings will never achieve accurate prediction of the happening of all natural disasters.
What's more, even though we were able to predict these disasters from nature, preventing them is equally impossible. So we only have two ways to both prevent injuries or deaths and reduce economic losses to the least. These two methods are to prepare before a natural disaster comes to hit, and to manage the necessary resources and public services after a natural disaster strikes.
These two things have always been at the leading position of the projects of both national governments and international organizations. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency is responsible for the "preparedness, response and recovery planning" of both man-made and natural disasters.
Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. Although natural events may appear to serve no purpose but simply to punish and destroy, natural disasters, a perfect symbol of the great power of the nature, are display of our planet's evolution and its state of change.
（1）According to the passage, both humankind and nature _________.
A.can be managed orderly
B.can threaten human beings
C.are hard to control
D.have a large family
（2）The reason why natural disasters cause so much damage is that _________.
A.it is very difficult to predict when exactly they will happen
B.our forecasting equipment is too old for many natural disasters
C.we don't do enough preparation before natural disasters strike
D.we don't have the necessary public services to use after natural disasters strike
（3）It may be concluded from the passage that _________.
A.natural disasters can not be predicted at all
B.human beings are pessimistic to the future
C.being well-prepared can avoid economic losses
D.good preparation and disaster management are advisable
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.a symbol of the power of nature
B.The greatest threat to mankind
C.Natural disasters and mankind
D.reduce losses to the least
V 语法填空
.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. However, we are so used to them ________ we may even take them for granted without ________(realize) how much inspiration they have given us. In fact, nature has inspired many of the most ________(fascinate) designs around us, including those in architecture. Nature ________ (present) in various architectural designs.
Today, architects continue to explore ways ________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. ArtScience Museum, Singapore was designed to show the ________ (connect) between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so ________(true) captures the beauty of natural forms. Harare's Eastgate Centre is ________ superb example of biomimicry (仿生学). To use biomimicry is to create structures ________(base) on natural forms and processes. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live ________ closer harmony with our environment.
VI .任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children should spend at least one hour playing and spending time in nature each day, according to the Wildlife Trusts (野生生物基金会). The UK organization speaks for 46 groups and 2,300 nature protection areas. ________
The calling comes from a study by University College London. Its 451 students in the study were 8 or 9 years of age. ________ The activities were run by the Wildlife Trusts over the course of several weeks, such as learning about plants and trees.
________ And they also showed a sense of connection with the natural world and high levels of enjoyment. 90 percent said they learned something new about the natural world; 79 percent felt the experience would help their schoolwork; ________ Perhaps most importantly, 79 percent mentioned they would believe more in themselves.
However, parents on their own aren't giving kids that time. ________ A 2017 report found that less than 10 percent British kids enjoys themselves in nature, compared to 40 percent of adults when they were younger years ago. To improve the situation, the organization is calling on the government to free up a daily hour for nature time for kids.
A. Parents care much about their kids' nature time.
B. And the time has been reducing greatly in recent years.
C. The children showed a great increase in personal health.
D. They were interviewed before and after nature activities.
E. 81 percent said they had better relationships with their teachers.
F. The students are asked to study in University College London for one day.
G. It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.
参考答案
I. 1. frontier 2. architecture architect 3. superb
4. mimic
5. convert, conversion
6. lotuses
II.1. respond to 2. take for granted 3. was covered in
4. stick with
5. be associated with 6. been converted into
III.1. fascinating 2. living 3. Amazed 4. waiting
5. covered
6.torun 7.to go 8. Based, watching
IV 【答案】 （1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自然灾害的几种形式，给人类带来危害的的原因。自然灾害虽然无法阻止，但作为政府和国际组织要做好应急准备和良好的灾难管理。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature.”但是，不可否认对人类的唯一威胁，除了人类本身,毫无疑问是自然，可知选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict(预测) exactly when they will happen. ”自然灾害造成的破坏主要是因为我们无法准确预测它们何时发生。可知选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. ”大多数自然灾害是无法避免的,应急准备和良好的灾害管理对付它们的最好办法。可推知选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了自然灾害给人类带来的危害，以及人类如何应付它们，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇自然类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
V【答案】 that；realizing；fascinating；is presented；to capture；connection；truly；a；based；in
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍大自然给建筑设计带来了灵感，建筑师们持续去探索可以捕捉到自然美的方法，并且将自然元素融入到建筑当中。
（1）句意：然而，我们是如此的习惯它们以至于我们认为它们是理所当然的，而没有意识到它们已经给我们提供了太多的灵感。so…that…是结果状语从句引导词，表示的是“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
（2）分析句子结构可知，介词without后面要使用动名词。故填写realizing。
（3）“the most+形容词+designs”这个结构表达的是“最……的设计”，需使用形容词对名词designs进行修饰。故填fascinating。
（4）句意：大自然在各种各样的建筑设计中被展现。本句表达的是一种现象，需使用一般现在时时态，动词present和主语nature之间是被动关系，需使用被动结构be presented，nature是不可数名词，需使用is。故填is presented。
（5）分析句子结构可知，动词capture在句子中充当定语，修饰名词ways，way后跟动词不定式，表示目的性。故填to capture。
（6）定冠词the后面要接名词，connect是动词，需要转变为名词connection。故填connection。
（7）分析句子结构可知，谓语动词captures需用副词修饰，true是形容词，需转变为副词truly。故填truly。
（8）an example of，固定短语，“一个例子”，example前面有superb修饰，superb是首发音是辅音发音，冠词应使用a。故填a。
（9）be based on固定短语，“以……为基础”，在句子中充当定语成分，修饰名词structures，所以需使用过去分词形式。故填based。
（10）句意：像这些创业型建筑能让我们和环境保持更和谐地居住。in harmony with固定短语，“和……和谐相处”。故填in。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及状语从句，非谓语动词，形容词，时态语态，非谓语动词，名词，副词，冠词，介词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
VI【答案】 G；D；C；E；B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，根据Wildlife Trusts的说法，孩子们每天至少应该花一个小时在大自然中玩耍。然而，父母自己并没有给孩子们足够的时间。近年来，这种时间大大缩短了。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上空前“The UK organization speaks for 46 groups and 2,300 nature protection areas.”这个英国组织为46个团体和2300个自然保护区代言。可知，此处承接上文，G. It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.“它现在呼吁政府将自然时间纳入日常学校生活”符合语境，故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Its 451 students in the study were 8 or 9 years of age. ”参与研究的451名学生年龄在8到9岁之间；以及空后“The activities were run by the Wildlife Trusts over the course of several weeks, such as learning about plants and trees.”这些活动是由野生动物信托组织在几周内开展的，比如了解植物和树木。可知，此处承接上下文，D. They were interviewed before and after nature activities.“他们在自然活动前后接受了采访”符合语境。故选D。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“And they also showed a sense of connection with the natural world and high levels of enjoyment”他们也表现出与自然世界的联系和高层次的享受。可知，此处承接下文，C. The children showed a great increase in personal health.“孩子们的健康状况有了很大的改善”符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“79 percent felt the experience would help their schoolwork”79%的人认为这些经历有助于他们的学业；以及空后“Perhaps most importantly, 79 percent mentioned they would believe more in themselves.”也许最重要的是，79%的人提到他们会更相信自己。可知，此处承接上下文，E. 81 percent said they had better relationships with their teachers.“81%的人说他们与老师的关系更好”符合语境，故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“However, parents on their own aren't giving kids that time.”然而，父母自己并没有给孩子们足够的时间；再根据空后“A 2017 report found that less than 10 percent British kids enjoys themselves in nature, compared to 40 percent of adults when they were younger years ago.”2017年的一份报告发现，英国只有不到10%的孩子喜欢大自然，而在他们年轻的时候，只有40%的成年人喜欢大自然。可知，此处承接上下文，B. And the time has been reducing greatly in recent years.“近年来，这种时间大大缩短了”符合语境，故选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2 / 2
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
(基础练)
I 用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空
architect, convert, frontier, lotus, mimic, superb
1. Hawking's theory on the origin of the universe pushed him to the ______________ of the scientific field.
2. The young lady is studying classic ______________, hoping to become a famous ______________ .
3. I am delighted to see that your skill at table tennis is ______________ .
4. It’s unnecessary to ______________ anybody. Just be yourself and you are unique.
5. They want to ______________ useless rail lines, and after the ______________，they can be used for cycle routes.
6.The French painter, Monet, liked painting ______________.
II 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下面的句子
associate... with, be covered in, convert... into, respond to, stick with, take.. for granted
1. Like any other public servants, the fire police must ______________ public demand.
2. Don't ______________ what your parents do to you.
3. The whole mountain ______________ a thin mist when we got up the next morning.
4. Even if you meet some challenges, you should ______________ it. Don't give up halfway.
5. Some people thought that her sudden disappearance might ______________ UFO.
6. The old train has ______________ an art gallery for painters to exhibit their paintings.
III 单句语法填空
1.It will be ______________ (fascinate) to see the super moon this weekend.
2. Used to ______________ (live) a peaceful life, the old couple chose a mountain village to settle down.
3. ______________ (amaze) at her wonderful performance, we stood and cheered.
4.I enjoy doing some reading while ______________ (wait) for a bus.
5. We were attracted by the beautiful hills ______________ (cover) with rain.
6. An online shop costs less money_____ (run) than a practical one.
7. All their assistance enabled us ______________ (go) on with the experiment smoothly.
8. ______________ (base) on a true story, the film touches everyone ______________ (watch) it.
IV 阅读理解
What is the greatest threat to mankind Maybe different people come up with different answers. However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature. Natural disasters are the result of natural environmental processes that have a damaging effect on people. Natural disasters can come in many forms: such as geological events like earthquakes, tsunamis or mud-rock flows, climatic events like storms, hurricanes or tornadoes and fire events like forest fires and wildfires.
The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict(预测) exactly when they will happen. Although great progress has been made in designing and developing forecasting models for some natural disasters, complete certainty is still impossible. Even to be pessimistic, there is a possibility that human beings will never achieve accurate prediction of the happening of all natural disasters.
What's more, even though we were able to predict these disasters from nature, preventing them is equally impossible. So we only have two ways to both prevent injuries or deaths and reduce economic losses to the least. These two methods are to prepare before a natural disaster comes to hit, and to manage the necessary resources and public services after a natural disaster strikes.
These two things have always been at the leading position of the projects of both national governments and international organizations. In the United States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency is responsible for the "preparedness, response and recovery planning" of both man-made and natural disasters.
Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. Although natural events may appear to serve no purpose but simply to punish and destroy, natural disasters, a perfect symbol of the great power of the nature, are display of our planet's evolution and its state of change.
（1）According to the passage, both humankind and nature _________.
A.can be managed orderly
B.can threaten human beings
C.are hard to control
D.have a large family
（2）The reason why natural disasters cause so much damage is that _________.
A.it is very difficult to predict when exactly they will happen
B.our forecasting equipment is too old for many natural disasters
C.we don't do enough preparation before natural disasters strike
D.we don't have the necessary public services to use after natural disasters strike
（3）It may be concluded from the passage that _________.
A.natural disasters can not be predicted at all
B.human beings are pessimistic to the future
C.being well-prepared can avoid economic losses
D.good preparation and disaster management are advisable
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A.a symbol of the power of nature
B.The greatest threat to mankind
C.Natural disasters and mankind
D.reduce losses to the least
V 语法填空
.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day. However, we are so used to them ________ we may even take them for granted without ________(realize) how much inspiration they have given us. In fact, nature has inspired many of the most ________(fascinate) designs around us, including those in architecture. Nature ________ (present) in various architectural designs.
Today, architects continue to explore ways ________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. ArtScience Museum, Singapore was designed to show the ________ (connect) between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so ________(true) captures the beauty of natural forms. Harare's Eastgate Centre is ________ superb example of biomimicry (仿生学). To use biomimicry is to create structures ________(base) on natural forms and processes. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live ________ closer harmony with our environment.
VI .任务型阅读
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Children should spend at least one hour playing and spending time in nature each day, according to the Wildlife Trusts (野生生物基金会). The UK organization speaks for 46 groups and 2,300 nature protection areas. ________
The calling comes from a study by University College London. Its 451 students in the study were 8 or 9 years of age. ________ The activities were run by the Wildlife Trusts over the course of several weeks, such as learning about plants and trees.
________ And they also showed a sense of connection with the natural world and high levels of enjoyment. 90 percent said they learned something new about the natural world; 79 percent felt the experience would help their schoolwork; ________ Perhaps most importantly, 79 percent mentioned they would believe more in themselves.
However, parents on their own aren't giving kids that time. ________ A 2017 report found that less than 10 percent British kids enjoys themselves in nature, compared to 40 percent of adults when they were younger years ago. To improve the situation, the organization is calling on the government to free up a daily hour for nature time for kids.
A. Parents care much about their kids' nature time.
B. And the time has been reducing greatly in recent years.
C. The children showed a great increase in personal health.
D. They were interviewed before and after nature activities.
E. 81 percent said they had better relationships with their teachers.
F. The students are asked to study in University College London for one day.
G. It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.
参考答案
I. 1. frontier 2. architecture architect 3. superb
4. mimic
5. convert, conversion
6. lotuses
II.1. respond to 2. take for granted 3. was covered in
4. stick with
5. be associated with 6. been converted into
III.1. fascinating 2. living 3. Amazed 4. waiting
5. covered
6.torun 7.to go 8. Based, watching
IV 【答案】 （1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自然灾害的几种形式，给人类带来危害的的原因。自然灾害虽然无法阻止，但作为政府和国际组织要做好应急准备和良好的灾难管理。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, there is no denying the fact that the only threat to humankind, apart from humankind itself, is, without any doubt, the nature.”但是，不可否认对人类的唯一威胁，除了人类本身,毫无疑问是自然，可知选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The damage done by natural disasters is mainly as a result of our inability to predict(预测) exactly when they will happen. ”自然灾害造成的破坏主要是因为我们无法准确预测它们何时发生。可知选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Most natural disasters cannot be prevented, and both emergency preparation and good disaster management are the best ways to deal with them. ”大多数自然灾害是无法避免的,应急准备和良好的灾害管理对付它们的最好办法。可推知选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了自然灾害给人类带来的危害，以及人类如何应付它们，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇自然类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
V【答案】 that；realizing；fascinating；is presented；to capture；connection；truly；a；based；in
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍大自然给建筑设计带来了灵感，建筑师们持续去探索可以捕捉到自然美的方法，并且将自然元素融入到建筑当中。
（1）句意：然而，我们是如此的习惯它们以至于我们认为它们是理所当然的，而没有意识到它们已经给我们提供了太多的灵感。so…that…是结果状语从句引导词，表示的是“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
（2）分析句子结构可知，介词without后面要使用动名词。故填写realizing。
（3）“the most+形容词+designs”这个结构表达的是“最……的设计”，需使用形容词对名词designs进行修饰。故填fascinating。
（4）句意：大自然在各种各样的建筑设计中被展现。本句表达的是一种现象，需使用一般现在时时态，动词present和主语nature之间是被动关系，需使用被动结构be presented，nature是不可数名词，需使用is。故填is presented。
（5）分析句子结构可知，动词capture在句子中充当定语，修饰名词ways，way后跟动词不定式，表示目的性。故填to capture。
（6）定冠词the后面要接名词，connect是动词，需要转变为名词connection。故填connection。
（7）分析句子结构可知，谓语动词captures需用副词修饰，true是形容词，需转变为副词truly。故填truly。
（8）an example of，固定短语，“一个例子”，example前面有superb修饰，superb是首发音是辅音发音，冠词应使用a。故填a。
（9）be based on固定短语，“以……为基础”，在句子中充当定语成分，修饰名词structures，所以需使用过去分词形式。故填based。
（10）句意：像这些创业型建筑能让我们和环境保持更和谐地居住。in harmony with固定短语，“和……和谐相处”。故填in。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及状语从句，非谓语动词，形容词，时态语态，非谓语动词，名词，副词，冠词，介词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
VI【答案】 G；D；C；E；B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，根据Wildlife Trusts的说法，孩子们每天至少应该花一个小时在大自然中玩耍。然而，父母自己并没有给孩子们足够的时间。近年来，这种时间大大缩短了。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上空前“The UK organization speaks for 46 groups and 2,300 nature protection areas.”这个英国组织为46个团体和2300个自然保护区代言。可知，此处承接上文，G. It is now calling on the government to include nature time into daily school life.“它现在呼吁政府将自然时间纳入日常学校生活”符合语境，故选G。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Its 451 students in the study were 8 or 9 years of age. ”参与研究的451名学生年龄在8到9岁之间；以及空后“The activities were run by the Wildlife Trusts over the course of several weeks, such as learning about plants and trees.”这些活动是由野生动物信托组织在几周内开展的，比如了解植物和树木。可知，此处承接上下文，D. They were interviewed before and after nature activities.“他们在自然活动前后接受了采访”符合语境。故选D。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“And they also showed a sense of connection with the natural world and high levels of enjoyment”他们也表现出与自然世界的联系和高层次的享受。可知，此处承接下文，C. The children showed a great increase in personal health.“孩子们的健康状况有了很大的改善”符合语境，故选C。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“79 percent felt the experience would help their schoolwork”79%的人认为这些经历有助于他们的学业；以及空后“Perhaps most importantly, 79 percent mentioned they would believe more in themselves.”也许最重要的是，79%的人提到他们会更相信自己。可知，此处承接上下文，E. 81 percent said they had better relationships with their teachers.“81%的人说他们与老师的关系更好”符合语境，故选E。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“However, parents on their own aren't giving kids that time.”然而，父母自己并没有给孩子们足够的时间；再根据空后“A 2017 report found that less than 10 percent British kids enjoys themselves in nature, compared to 40 percent of adults when they were younger years ago.”2017年的一份报告发现，英国只有不到10%的孩子喜欢大自然，而在他们年轻的时候，只有40%的成年人喜欢大自然。可知，此处承接上下文，B. And the time has been reducing greatly in recent years.“近年来，这种时间大大缩短了”符合语境，故选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
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