外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit5Learning from nature Starting out and Understanding ideas 名师教学设计

Unit 5 Starting out & Understanding ideas 名师教学设计
课时内容
Nature in architecture
主题语境：人与自然
主题群：自然生态
子主题：人类向自然界学习
语篇类型：视频、图片、名言﹑说明文
文本分析：
[What]本节课包含Starting out和 Understanding ideas两部分。
Starting out是导入部分，首先要求学生阅读和理解Claude Monet、张大千、William Wordsworth和Ralph Waldo Emerson四位名人的名言；然后观看一段视频，介绍人类从自然界可以得到的灵感和启发。
Understanding ideas是一篇说明文，介绍了人类从自然界中获得灵感进行建筑设计的情况，并列举了三个代表性建筑。
[Why]通过学习说明文的结构和三栋建筑物设计的来源，使学生懂得人类应善于发现大自然蕴含的美与规律，与大自然和谐相处，保护明天的世界。
[How]本文是说明文，分为三部分：第一部分是文章的第一段，由身边的花草树木引出话题；第二部分是文章的主体，对文章的主题进行展开说明，介绍了三个从自然界中获得灵感进行设计的建筑；第三部分是结尾，对文章的主题作归纳总结。
课时目标
1. 获取四则名言的含义，了解名人们对于从大自然中获取灵感的态度。
2. 了解视频的大意，培养学生在视频中快速提取有效信息的能力。
3. 联系实际，谈论自己与大自然的关系。
4. 通过快读和精读，了解著名建筑物(Art Science Museum，The Eastgate Centre，The Algae House)的设计灵感来源，学会欣赏国内外著名建筑物的美和艺术特色。
5. 了解说明文的语篇结构及写作方法，勾画文章信息图或思维导图，了解文本结构。
6. 谈论人类从大自然中得到启发的其他例子，反思人类与大自然的关系。
7. 教会学生善于发现大自然的美，感恩大自然的馈赠，合理利用和开发大自然，尊重自然，与自然和谐共生，为构建人类命运共同体而努力。
重点难点
重点：
1. 获取三个代表性建筑( Art Science Museum，The Eastgate Centre，The Algae House)的相关信息和设计灵感来源。
2. 了解说明文的语篇结构及写作方法。
难点：
1. 善于发现大自然的美，能发现人类从大自然中得到启发的其他建筑物例子，提高艺术鉴赏能力。
2. 合理利用大自然，与自然和谐共生，树立构建人类命运共同体的意识。
教学准备
教师准备：
1. 视频及播放设备。
2. Claude Monet、张大千、William Wordsworth和Ralph Waldo Emerson四位名人及 Art Science Museum 、The Eastgate Centre及 The Algae House的背景知识。
学生准备：
1. 预习本课词汇。
2. 反思人类与大自然的关系。
教学过程
Step I学习理解
活动一：感知与注意
1. Read the quotes.
(1) Look at the pictures and learn basic information about them.
The richness I achieve comes from nature, the source of my inspiration. Claude Monet
A painter should regard nature as their teacher, and never stick with just one style of painting. Zhang Daqian
Let nature be your teacher. William Wordsworth
Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Background information: Claude Monet (1840～1926) Claude Monet was a French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting. Monet’s method involved painting the same scene many times in order to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons. Zhang Daqian (1899～1983) Zhang Daqian was a Chinese painter and is regarded as one of the most gifted masters of the 20th century. Originally a guohua painter, he also became renowned as a modern impressionist and expressionist painter by the 1960s. William Wordsworth (1770～1850) William Wordsworth was an English Romantic poet who, along with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature withtheir joint publication Lyrical Ballads (1798). Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803～1882) Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer and poet, and one of the most influential writers and thinkers of the 19th century in the United States, who led New England Transcendentalism of the mid-19th century.
(2) Ask students to read the quotes and try to translate them into Chinese.
(3) Tell students to answer the questions below.
·What is the common message conveyed in these quotes
·Have you ever learnt anything from nature Give examples.
(4) Have students share the answers in groups and in class.
(5) Check the answers as a class.
Suggested answers: ·The common message conveyed in these quotes is that they have a close relation with nature and they respect nature and get inspirations from nature. ·(略)
【设计意图】引导学生看图片和阅读名人名言，认识四位名人( Claude Monet、张大千、William Wordsworth、Ralph Waldo Emerson)，了解他们对大自然的态度，为听力和单元学习作铺垫。
2. Watch a video.
(1) Ask students to look at the pictures and discuss what they can learn from nature.
(2) Tell students to take notes while watching a video, then answer the questions.
·What lessons from nature are mentioned in the video
·Which one inspires you the most
(3) Check the answers.
Suggested answers: ·Trees give us lessons about strength in the face of hard times. Succulents in deserts give us lessons about learning to adapt to the environment. From birds, we learn to spread our wings and fly to reach our full potential. From salmon, we learn the importance of perseverance in order to achieve our goals. Ants teach us to embrace responsibility and always do our best. ·(略)
(4) Play the video again if needed. Invite students who do well in English to repeat the main idea of the video.
【设计意图】首先，让学生看图片并讨论“从大自然中能学到什么”；然后，带领学生观看视频回答问题，了解基本信息，激活背景信息，导入话题。同时使学生懂得大自然是人类最好的老师，我们要尊重自然，从大自然中获得灵感和启发。
3. Look and answer.
(1) Ask students to look at the pictures and describe what they can see.
lotus flower termite mound
Algae
(2) Tell students to answer the questions below and share in class. Then teacher evaluates students’ answers.
·What is shown in the pictures How much do you know about them
·How could you associate them with architecture
Suggested answers: ·A lotus flower, a termite mound and algae are shown in the pictures.(略) ·(略)
(3) Encourage students to search for information online about ArtScience Museum, The Eastgate Centre and The Algae House.
Background information: ArtScience Museum, Singapore ArtScience Museum is the world’s first ArtScience museum, in which art, science, culture and technology come together. Its lotus-inspired form has given the museum the name “The Welcoming Hand of Singapore”. This form is made up of 10 separate sections, each of which is a different gallery space. The Eastgate Centre, Harare The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe is the country’s largest office and shopping complex. Using “biomimicry”, its design inspired by a termite mound, means that the temperature of the building is regulated throughout the year, and uses significantly less energy than air-conditioning or conventional methods of heating. The Algae House, Hamburg The Algae House is the first building in the world to have a bioreactor exterior and is intended to be completely self-sufficient. The algae inside the panels produce energy, control light and provide shade. The design of the building gives us a glimpse into urban life in the future.
【设计意图】通过观察图片，讨论图片所传达的信息，引导学生发现图片与著名建筑物(ArtScience Museum, The Eastgate Centre, The Algae House)之间的联系，为下一步的文本阅读做好准备。
活动二：获取与梳理
1. Predict.
Encourage students to look at the following architectures carefully and predict why they are special.
2. Read.
Ask students to read Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 to check their ideas.
3. Read the whole passage.
(1) Have students read the whole passage carefully and draw a diagram or mind map of this passage.
(2) Compare the diagram below with their own and organise information from the passage to complete it.
Introduction There is much inspiration from nature in our daily lives, and nature has also inspired ①________ around us.
To capture the beauty of natural forms Shaped to resemble a ②________, the Art Science Museum seems to float above the waterfront promenade and ③________. It collects rainwater through the roof and ④________ through its own plumbing system, To ⑤________ Based on the form and process of termite mounds. Harare’s Eastgate Centre also has little holes in the walls allowing air to ⑥________, thus reducing the need for ⑦________. In this way, it uses less energy and costs less to run. To ⑧________. The Algae House is covered in panels containing algae. While the panels provide shade, ⑨________ and convert it into energy, the algae can also be used to ⑩________. The building reduces damage to the environment by ________.
Conclusion Nature-inspired buildings enable us to ________.
Suggested answers: many of the most fascinating designs ②lotus flower the water that surrounds it ④the water is then recycled ⑤mimic the way nature works ⑥move freely in and out of the mounds ⑦traditional air conditioning and heating systems ⑧make natural organisms part of a building ⑨capture heat from the sun ⑩produce fuel generating its own renewable energy live in closer harmony with our environment
【设计意图】首先，引导学生讨论图片中建筑物的与众不同之处，引出本课话题。然后，阅读文本部分内容，核实自己的预测；接着要求学生绘制结构图并与课本上的图表进行对比，引导学生梳理语篇结构和主要信息，进一步解读文本，鼓励学生从语篇中获得新知，建立信息间的关联，形成新的认知结构，理解语言所表达的意义，培养学生深层理解语篇和探讨主题意义的能力，扩展学生批判性思维。
活动三：概括与整合
Share feelings of reading.
Ask students to share the feelings of reading by answering the following question.
·Have you found anything you feel inspired and shocked from this passage
【设计意图】以分享阅读感受为任务，驱动学生独立思考，使学生学会深思从自然界获得灵感的实际应用，学会尊重大自然。
Step II应用实践
活动四：描述与阐释
Group work.
(1) Ask students to work in groups of three to introduce the three architectures. Then discuss the differences of the three buildings.
(2) Tell the volunteers to present in class.
【设计意图】通过小组合作，描述三栋建筑物，帮助学生进一步内化信息，发展逻辑思维能力，并助力学生探究三者的不同之处，加深对主题意义的理解。
活动五：分析与判断
1. Ask students to talk about the four magazines.
①Extraordinary Architects ②Living on Earth ③Architecture Frontier ④Natural World
2. Tell students to choose the magazine in which they- would most likely find the passage and give their reasons.
Suggested answer: ③
【设计意图】在学习理解类活动的基础上，要求学生根据名字分析四本杂志的特征，判断文章的出处，检验学生对课文主旨大意的理解情况，促进语言运用的自动化，助力学生将知识转化为能力。
活动六：内化与运用
1. Reading comprehension.
①Which of the following famous architectural designs is an exception of humans getting inspiration from nature A. Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. B. ArtScience Museum in Singapore. C. The Great Wall in China. D. The Algae House in Germany. ②Which of the following was designed to show the- connection between nature and the modern city environment A. Beijing’s Water Cube. B. ArtScience Museum, Singapore. C. The Eastgate Centre，Harare. D. The Algae House, Hamburg. ③Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage A. In ArtScience Museum visitors are often amazed to find themselves in a rural building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. B. The design of the Eastgate Centre reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building uses less energy and costs less to run. C. The Algae House uses ways to make natural organisms part of a building. D. ArtScience Museum is an example of exploring ways to capture the beauty of natural forms. ④After reading the passage, we can safely conclude that ________. A. a flower resembles an umbrella B. a pine cone looks like the tiles on a roof very much C. we build all kinds of buildings to meet needs of people D. architects continue to explore ways to mimic the way nature works
Suggested answers: ①C ②B ③A ④D
2. Gap filling.
We are so used to many beautiful things that we may even take them ①________ granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. Nature ②________ inspired many of the most ③________ (fascinate) designs around us, ④________ (include) those in architecture and is presented in various architectural ⑤________ (design). Today, architects continue to explore ways ⑥________ (capture) the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building. ⑦________ (create) buildings such as these enables us to live in ⑧________ (close) harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be ⑨________ challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us ⑩________ to achieve this.
Suggested answers: ①for ②has ③fascinating ④including ⑤designs ⑥to capture ⑦Creating ⑧closer ⑨a ⑩how
【设计意图】通过完成阅读理解，进一步帮助学生巩固文本大意和细节信息；语法填空不仅可以帮助学生从整体把握文章结构，更能使学生注重和区分单词的各种形式，从而达到语言知识的获取。
Step Ⅲ 迁移创新
活动七：推理与论证
Group work.
Discuss why the author writes this passage.
【设计意图】引导学生探讨作者的写作目的，加深对主题意义的理解，深入思考人与大自然的关系，引导学生增强“尊重自然﹑爱护自然”的意识。
活动八：批判与评价
1. 赏析语篇结构。
(1)英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。
本文第一部分为第一自然段，第二部分为二至五自然段，第三部分为最后一段。
(2)特征：说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物或阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。它要求语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。
这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。2．赏析连词、句首状语﹑指代和强调句的作用，探讨其与主题意义的关联。
(1)连词。
...but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
... so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
And that’s not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel.
The building therefore not only responds to its environment and use less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
...but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
(2)句首状语。
In fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
In a similar way, the Eastgate Centre has a “skin” covered in holes.
During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes, cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.
At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.
In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade.
(3)指代。
It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
in this way指代上一句“An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles an umbrella.”。
(4)强调句。
It is natural to think in this way, but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
【设计意图】通过赏析语篇结构、显性衔接和连贯手段﹑句型，帮助学生形成语篇意识，把握语篇的结构特征，从而提高理解语篇意义的能力。
活动九：想象与创造
1. Think and share.
Encourage students to work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
·Which of the three buildings are you most impressed by Why
·How did the pictures help your understanding of the passage Share your ideas with the class.
【设计意图】引导学生结对讨论,选出三个建筑物中自己印象最深刻的一个，讨论图片对于理解文本的表意功能，谈论自己从大自然中获得灵感，进行知识和思维能力的拓展和迁移，培养高阶思维。
2. Appreciate.
Encourage students to appreciate the following architectures at home and abroad and talk about these or other examples of architecture inspired by nature.
Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia
Beijing’s Water Cube
Beijing’s Bird’s Nest
Al Dar Headquarters in Abu Dhabi
Helix Bridge in Singapore
Background information: 巴塞罗那圣家族大教堂与森林 圣家族大教堂是哥特式风格，立柱采用了树干和树枝的设计，立柱上方再分出不同的枝丫，顶灯都嵌在树叶之中，整个大堂仿佛一整片森林。螺旋﹑椎体和抛物线的各种变化，让这片森林充满了律动和活力。 北京水立方与细胞结构 水立方根据细胞排列形式和肥皂泡天然结构设计出一种新的膜结构。为体现出不同形状的水滴充满整个空间的设计理念，项目团队选用延性空间钢框架结构作为“水滴”的骨架，钢框架杆件随着水滴流动，呈现出不规则形的变化。通过对里外两层钢框架分别外包ETFE膜结构，实现了“水滴”的视觉效果。整个建筑共有3216个气枕，最长的跨度达10.75米，总面积约10.44万平方米，膜结构的展开面积达30万平方米，是世界规模最大的膜结构工程，也是唯一完全由膜结构进行全封闭的大型公共建筑。 北京鸟巢与鸟巢 国家体育场坐落于奥林匹克公园建筑群的中央位置，地势略微隆起。它如同巨大的容器。高低起伏的波动的基座缓和了容器的体量，而且给了它戏剧化的弧形外观。汇聚成网格状——就如同一个由树枝编织成的鸟巢。体育场的空间效果新颖激进，简洁古朴，是2008年奥运会地标性建筑。 阿布扎比阿达尔总部大楼与贝壳 由MZ建筑师所设计的阿达尔总部形似贝壳，具有独特而新颖的设计:一个半球形的建筑由凹玻璃窗的窄带连接的两个圆形凸状外墙。这个标志性的全玻璃结构的高度在所有其他方向完全是圆形和弧形。圆象征着团结﹑稳定﹑合理，这也是无穷大的符号，无始无终，完美，极致的几何符号。它代表涵盖所有的空间和时间的完整性。 新加坡双螺旋桥与DNA双螺旋结构 新加坡双螺旋桥于2007年3月底动工建造。设计人员受DNA 结构的启发，这座桥梁想要体现的意义是“生命与延续﹑更新与成长”。
【设计意图】展示圣家族大教堂、水立方、鸟巢﹑阿达尔总部大楼和双螺旋桥的图片，鼓励学生联系实际，谈论国内外从自然界获得灵感的建筑，深入思考人与自然的关系，感受大自然的神奇和伟大之处，学习设计师们的创新思维和创造能力。
3. Think and design.
If you were given a chance to design a building, what inspiration would you take from nature
【设计意图】要求学生展开想象，从大自然中获取灵感，设计一个建筑物外形，并尝试描述，达到学以致用的目的。
板书设计
Unit 5 Learning from nature Period I Starting out & Understanding ideas I. 学习理解 活动一：感知与注意 1. Read the quotes. 2. Watch a video. 3. Look and answer. 活动二：获取与梳理 1. Predict. 2. Read. 3. Read the whole passage. 活动三：概括与整合 Share feelings of reading. Ⅱ. 应用实践 活动四：描述与阐释 Group work. 活动五：分析与判断 1. Talk about four magazines. 2. Choose. 活动六：内化与运用 1. Reading comprehension. 2. Gap filling. III. 迁移创新 活动七：推理与论证 Group work. 活动八：批判与评价 1. 赏析语篇结构。 2. 赏析连词、句首状语、指代和强调句的作用。 活动九：想象与创造 1. Think and share. 2. Appreciate. 3. Think and design.
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